Microscale Habitats And Activities Of Bacteria And Their Ecological And Biogeochemical Significance In The Ocean

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Microscale Habitats and Activities of Bacteria and Their Ecological and Biogeochemical Significance in the Ocean

Author : Ty James Samo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267642530
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Microscale Habitats and Activities of Bacteria and Their Ecological and Biogeochemical Significance in the Ocean by : Ty James Samo

Download or read book Microscale Habitats and Activities of Bacteria and Their Ecological and Biogeochemical Significance in the Ocean written by Ty James Samo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this dissertation is to observe and quantify the contribution of bacteria and their habitats to the nutrient cycling in marine environments. As a result of the complex exchanges between ocean physics, chemistry, and biology, the formation and distribution of microbial communities, their metabolisms, and their microenvironments is invariably influenced. Current research is beginning to reveal the heterogeneity of microbial growth, community/species composition, and habitats in the natural marine environment. However, little is currently know about how the mechanisms and interactions of these parameters influence each other. These topics were addressed through the application of microscopy and various fluorescence staining techniques, and following several oceanographic research cruises. After developing a staining protocol of seawater derived microbes and organic matter concentrated on a polycarbonate filter, it was found that an abundant and unclassified type of transparent organic particle exists in coastal and open ocean environments. These structures were termed filter fluorescing particles (FFP) based on their staining characteristics. In addition to their small size of a few to hundreds of micrometers in length, the particles are occasionally associated with heterotrophic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and phytoplankton. Several oceanographic research cruises confirmed the widespread presence of these particles, and suggest that these particles are relatively more abundant in oligotrophic waters containing enhanced concentrations of refractory organic matter. The discovery of these particles adds to our current knowledge of transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), DAPI yellow particles (DYP), and Coomassie stained particles (CSP). The spatial characteristics and dynamics of a deep-water oceanic frontal zone made it possible to study the influence of submesoscale processes on the microscale responses of microbes and organic matter. The strong gradient created at this site created distinct zones of microbial activity, abundance, and size characterized by elevated primary and secondary production at the front. Further, the non-living material comprising the particulate and dissolved organic mater pools was enhanced as well due to elevated the production of the phyto- and bacterioplankton. The abundance and size of FFP and TEP were also monitored, and found to coincide with water mass features as well, presumably due to the physical-biological interactions acting at the front. Lastly, a method was established to simultaneously visualize and quantify the protein synthesis rates of single heterotrophic bacterial cells in order to identify growth ranges and relative biogeochemical contributions in natural populations. This approach relied on the bioorthogonal amino acid homopropargylglycine (HPG), a methionine analog functionalized with an alkyne group. After incubation of natural seawater with HPG followed by fixation and cell immobilization on a filter, the HPG incorporated into the cellular protein of active cells was fluorescently labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 via click chemistry. A conversion factor to measure single-cell protein synthesis was generated from laboratory culture grown in natural seawater. Applying this factor to labeled cells from the Scripps Pier revealed a large range of rates, and highlighted the sensitivity of the method to measure very low activity cells, growth of cells attached to particles, and the continuum of activities that characterize natural heterotrophic bacterial assemblages.

Microbial Ecology of the Oceans

Author : Josep M. Gasol
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119107202
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Ecology of the Oceans by : Josep M. Gasol

Download or read book Microbial Ecology of the Oceans written by Josep M. Gasol and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The newly revised and updated third edition of the bestselling book on microbial ecology in the oceans The third edition of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans features new topics, as well as different approaches to subjects dealt with in previous editions. The book starts out with a general introduction to the changes in the field, as well as looking at the prospects for the coming years. Chapters cover ecology, diversity, and function of microbes, and of microbial genes in the ocean. The biology and ecology of some model organisms, and how we can model the whole of the marine microbes, are dealt with, and some of the trophic roles that have changed in the last years are discussed. Finally, the role of microbes in the oceanic P cycle are presented. Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, Third Edition offers chapters on The Evolution of Microbial Ecology of the Ocean; Marine Microbial Diversity as Seen by High Throughput Sequencing; Ecological Significance of Microbial Trophic Mixing in the Oligotrophic Ocean; Metatranscritomics and Metaproteomics; Advances in Microbial Ecology from Model Marine Bacteria; Marine Microbes and Nonliving Organic Matter; Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Oxygen-Deficient Water Columns; The Ocean’s Microscale; Ecological Genomics of Marine Viruses; Microbial Physiological Ecology of The Marine Phosphorus Cycle; Phytoplankton Functional Types; and more. A new and updated edition of a key book in aquatic microbial ecology Includes widely used methodological approaches Fully describes the structure of the microbial ecosystem, discussing in particular the sources of carbon for microbial growth Offers theoretical interpretations of subtropical plankton biogeography Microbial Ecology of the Oceans is an ideal text for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and colleagues from other fields wishing to learn about microbes and the processes they mediate in marine systems.

Significance of Microscale Interactions in Bacterial Ecology and Carbon Biogeochemistry in the Ocean

Author : Francesca Malfatti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Significance of Microscale Interactions in Bacterial Ecology and Carbon Biogeochemistry in the Ocean by : Francesca Malfatti

Download or read book Significance of Microscale Interactions in Bacterial Ecology and Carbon Biogeochemistry in the Ocean written by Francesca Malfatti and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine bacteria are important players in regulating the pelagic ecosystem structure and functioning and in biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other bio-elements in the ocean. Although a major role of bacteria in ecosystem function and carbon cycle is well established we still know little about the underlying in situ mechanisms. A fundamental problem concerns the nature and the strength of coupling between bacteria and organic matter. Individual bacteria in seawater must exert their actions on organic matter--mostly polymeric and particulate--at the microscale, e.g. with cell-surface associated hydrolytic enzymes, to create hotspots of growth substrates. Microscale microbial ecology in the pelagic ocean is currently little explored. The general premise of this research is that microscale imaging of in situ interactions, along with ecosystem-level studies of bacteria-mediated carbon cycling, will help constrain hypotheses on the underlying mechanisms and their biogeochemical consequences. Atomic Force Microscopy, epifluorescence microscopy, radiotracers approaches and molecular techniques were used to generate an integrated basis to answer specific questions on nanoscale to microscale ecology of marine bacteria and their implications for ocean-basin-scale-carbon biogeochemistry. Field studies during the summer and winter in the Southern Ocean indicated that the degree of coupling between phytoplankton production and bacteria carbon demand is critically important for ecosystem functioning during the long austral winter when primary production is negligible. We discovered that in the austral winter, in the Drake Passage, a significant amount of dissolved organic carbon produced during the summer supports an active microbial loop with important consequences for ecosystem functioning, carbon cycling and climate. Atomic Force Microscopy combined with Epifluorescence Microscopy enabled us to discover bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-Synechococcus associations--putative symbioses-- in the pelagic ocean. This has implications for primary productivity and nutrient cycling. Further, at the nanometer to micrometer scale a substantial fraction of bacteria generally considered free-living were interconnected within organic matrixes forming bacterial networks suggesting potential for concerted metabolisms and biogeochemical activities as well as a role in marine aggregation. Finally, imaging of live pelagic bacteria by Atomic Force Microscopy provided insights on cell volumes based on measured height unbiased by fixation and drying. The new measurements provide a more reliable basis for quantifying bacteria-mediated carbon fluxes and the role of bacteria in pelagic marine ecosystems.

Current Status of Marine Water Microbiology

Author : Ravindra Soni
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819950228
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Status of Marine Water Microbiology by : Ravindra Soni

Download or read book Current Status of Marine Water Microbiology written by Ravindra Soni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-09 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume focuses on the latest innovations in the field of marine microbiology. Marine ecosystems are dynamic natural resources and home to very primitive life forms. They include open sea, deep sea, coastal marine ecosystem mudflats, seagrass meadows, mangroves, and rocky intertidal systems. This book deals with the various aspects of marine microbiology including diverse habitats, associated microorganisms, their adaptations, ecological interactions, biogeochemical cycling, and industrial applications. It also discusses the issue of pollution in oceans and put forward available strategies for its eco-friendly solution. In recent years, extensive research, advanced methodologies, and high-throughput instrumentation have resulted in voluminous data and information that require proper compilation and worldwide sharing. From this perspective, the book is a perfect documentation of primary and secondary data-based information on the latest research findings, case studies, experiences, and innovations in the field of marine microbiology. The book is of great use to students, researchers and professionals studying marine sciences.

Socio-Ecology of Microbes in a Changing Ocean

Author : Matthias Wietz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288945908X
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Socio-Ecology of Microbes in a Changing Ocean by : Matthias Wietz

Download or read book Socio-Ecology of Microbes in a Changing Ocean written by Matthias Wietz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socio-ecological interactions between microbes and associated organisms are integral elements of marine ecosystem dynamics. This Research Topic combines sixteen papers on interactions across the major domains of marine life, including prokaryotes, phytoplankton, macroalgae, cnidarians, viruses and fungi. These studies offer exciting insights into microbial cooperation and competition, holobiont ecology, interkingdom signaling, chemical microdiversity, and biogeography. Understanding such network processes is essential for the interpretation of ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical events, particularly in the wake of climate change.

The Marine Microbiome

Author : Lucas J. Stal
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319330004
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis The Marine Microbiome by : Lucas J. Stal

Download or read book The Marine Microbiome written by Lucas J. Stal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the state-of-the-art concerning the ‘marine microbiome’ and its uses in biotechnology. The first part discusses the diversity and ecology of marine microorganisms and viruses, including all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. It discusses whether marine microorganisms exist and, if so, why they might be unique. The second part presents selected marine habitats, their inhabitants and how they influence biogeochemical cycles, while the third discusses the utilization of marine microbial resources, including legal aspects, dissemination, and public awareness. The marine microbiome is the total of microorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connected environment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. The diversity of microbial life remains unquantified and largely unknown, and could represent a hidden treasure for human society. Accordingly, this book is also intended to connect academics and industry, providing essential information for microbiologists from both fields.

The Marine Microbiome

Author : Lucas J. Stal
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030903834
Total Pages : 768 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis The Marine Microbiome by : Lucas J. Stal

Download or read book The Marine Microbiome written by Lucas J. Stal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-28 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated and expanded second edition reviews numerous aspects of the marine microbiome and its possible industrial applications. The marine microbiome is the total of microorganisms and viruses in the ocean and seas and in any connected environment, including the seafloor and marine animals and plants. In the first part of the book, diversity, origin and evolution of the marine microorganisms and viruses are discussed. The microbes presented originate from all three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. The second part sheds some light on the different communities: it describes marine habitats and how their inhabitants control biogeochemical cycles. The third part finally examines the microbial ocean as a global system and evaluates methods of utilizing marine microbial resources. Adopting a translational approach, the book connects academic research with industrial applications, making it a fascinating read and valuable resource for microbiologists from both domains.

Marine Microbiome and Biogeochemical Cycles in Marine Productive Areas

Author : Alejandro A. Murillo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889632768
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Microbiome and Biogeochemical Cycles in Marine Productive Areas by : Alejandro A. Murillo

Download or read book Marine Microbiome and Biogeochemical Cycles in Marine Productive Areas written by Alejandro A. Murillo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Marine Microbiology

Author : B. Austin
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521311304
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Microbiology by : B. Austin

Download or read book Marine Microbiology written by B. Austin and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1988-07-29 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emphasis is on new and exciting facets of the subject, notably biotechnology, fish and shellfish pathology and deep-sea microbiology. The volume also provides a sound introduction to the main elements of marine microbiology: indluding the habitats and ecology of marine micro-organisms, their taxonomy, and a practical guide to microbiological techniques and methods.

Biodiversity of Marine Microbes

Author : Savvas Genitsaris
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3036510524
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Biodiversity of Marine Microbes by : Savvas Genitsaris

Download or read book Biodiversity of Marine Microbes written by Savvas Genitsaris and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book entitled “Biodiversity of Marine Microbes” aims at highlighting the significance of marine microbes as primary producers, their contribution in complex ecological processes and their roles in biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functioning. The book includes five research papers covering the diversity and composition of marine microbial communities representing all three domains of life in various marine environments, including coastal eutrophic areas, ice waters, and lagoons. One paper examines the diversity and succession of bacterial and archaeal communities from coastal waters in mesocosm experiments. The combination of classical tools with novel technological advances implemented in the methods of the papers offered an opportunity to answer fundamental questions and shed light on the complex and diverse life of marine microbes.

Ecological Insights Through Single-cell Measurements of Marine Bacteria

Author : Cherry Gao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Insights Through Single-cell Measurements of Marine Bacteria by : Cherry Gao

Download or read book Ecological Insights Through Single-cell Measurements of Marine Bacteria written by Cherry Gao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria in the ocean, though invisible to the naked eye, play an indispensable role in facilitating life on Earth by driving chemical reactions that are essential to the planet’s habitability. Some marine bacteria, however, cause disease outbreaks that are capable of rapid and massive destruction of ecosystems. Although individual bacterial cells are ~1 [mu]m in size, their collective action enables large-scale nutrient fluxes throughout the marine food web, as well as wreak havoc in marine systems with major socioeconomic consequences for humans. In this Thesis, I seek to connect single-cell measurements of behavior and metabolism of marine bacteria to ecological processes that shape global biogeochemical cycles and influence ecosystem health. In particular, I focus on the impact of microbial activities on two globally-relevant contexts: (1) the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur, a chemical element that is essential to life, and (2) coral disease, which threatens the reef ecosystems that support marine biodiversity and provide food security for many human coastal communities. In Chapter 1, I describe the development of synthetic biology tools for the construction of fluorescent reporters in a marine bacterium (Ruegeria pomeroyi). These engineered reporter strains enabled the investigations in Chapter 2, which presents the first single-cell measurements of the transcriptional response of R. pomeroyi to different concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), a pivotal compound in the oceans’ carbon and sulfur cycles and a key chemical currency in marine microbial interactions. These measurements revealed the importance of microscale DMSP hotspots in marine sulfur cycling. In Chapter 3, I describe the simultaneous measurements of behavior (through microscopy) and gene expression (through RNA sequencing) of a coral pathogen, Vibrio coralliilyticus, to investigate the sequence of microscopic events preceding infection. The Appendix describes the methodology of tracking single cells over time through quantitative microscopy and high-throughput image analysis. The application of new tools from biological engineering to marine microbial ecology presents an unprecedented opportunity to understand the connections between single-cell behaviors, and ecosystem- and global-scale processes.

Marine Microbiology

Author : Colin Munn
Publisher : Garland Science
ISBN 13 : 9780203503119
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Microbiology by : Colin Munn

Download or read book Marine Microbiology written by Colin Munn and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2003-10-16 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine micro-organisms play a vital role in the maintenance of our planet, a fact which will have great bearing on our ability to respond to problems such as population increase, over-exploitation of fisheries, climate change and population. Powerful new tools, especially in molecular biology, remote sending and deep-sea exploration, have led to astonishing discoveries of the abundance and diversity of marine microbial life and its role in global ecology. New tools and an increased interest in ecological factors have caused an upsurge of interest in this field of study. The book aims to convey the fascinating discoveries and great importance of this fast moving discipline to the student. Marine Microbiology is divided into three sections: the first reviews the main features of the marine environment and key aspects of marine microbial life; the second looks at the role of marine microorganisms in ecology, and the final section considers some of the applications of this knowledge, looking into areas such as disease and biodegradation.

Microbial Ecology of the Oceans

Author : Josep M. Gasol
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119107199
Total Pages : 567 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Ecology of the Oceans by : Josep M. Gasol

Download or read book Microbial Ecology of the Oceans written by Josep M. Gasol and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The newly revised and updated third edition of the bestselling book on microbial ecology in the oceans The third edition of Microbial Ecology of the Oceans features new topics, as well as different approaches to subjects dealt with in previous editions. The book starts out with a general introduction to the changes in the field, as well as looking at the prospects for the coming years. Chapters cover ecology, diversity, and function of microbes, and of microbial genes in the ocean. The biology and ecology of some model organisms, and how we can model the whole of the marine microbes, are dealt with, and some of the trophic roles that have changed in the last years are discussed. Finally, the role of microbes in the oceanic P cycle are presented. Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, Third Edition offers chapters on The Evolution of Microbial Ecology of the Ocean; Marine Microbial Diversity as Seen by High Throughput Sequencing; Ecological Significance of Microbial Trophic Mixing in the Oligotrophic Ocean; Metatranscritomics and Metaproteomics; Advances in Microbial Ecology from Model Marine Bacteria; Marine Microbes and Nonliving Organic Matter; Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry of Oxygen-Deficient Water Columns; The Ocean’s Microscale; Ecological Genomics of Marine Viruses; Microbial Physiological Ecology of The Marine Phosphorus Cycle; Phytoplankton Functional Types; and more. A new and updated edition of a key book in aquatic microbial ecology Includes widely used methodological approaches Fully describes the structure of the microbial ecosystem, discussing in particular the sources of carbon for microbial growth Offers theoretical interpretations of subtropical plankton biogeography Microbial Ecology of the Oceans is an ideal text for advanced undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and colleagues from other fields wishing to learn about microbes and the processes they mediate in marine systems.

The Responses of Marine Microorganisms, Communities and Ecofunctions to Environmental Gradients

Author : Stefan M. Sievert
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889458075
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis The Responses of Marine Microorganisms, Communities and Ecofunctions to Environmental Gradients by : Stefan M. Sievert

Download or read book The Responses of Marine Microorganisms, Communities and Ecofunctions to Environmental Gradients written by Stefan M. Sievert and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine environments are fluid. Microorganisms living in the ocean experience diverse environmental changes over wide spatiotemporal scales. For microorganisms and their communities to survive and function in the ocean, they need to have the capacity to sense, respond to, adapt to and/or withstand periodic and sporadic environmental changes. This eBook collates a variety of recent research reports and theoretical discussions on the ecoenergetic strategies, community structure, biogeochemical and ecosystem functions as well as regulatory processes and mechanisms that marine microorganisms employ in response to environmental gradients and variations.

Microscale Insights Into Marine Biogeochemical Cyling

Author : Farooq Moin Jalaluddin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Microscale Insights Into Marine Biogeochemical Cyling by : Farooq Moin Jalaluddin

Download or read book Microscale Insights Into Marine Biogeochemical Cyling written by Farooq Moin Jalaluddin and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial transformations are fundamental drivers of biogeochemical cycling in marine environments. While larger-scale processes undoubtedly shape marine microbial communities, the life of individual microorganisms is intricately governed by processes occurring at a much smaller scale, ranging from micrometers to millimeters. At these scales, the solute concentration available to the microbial community is influenced by the interplay between transport processes and microbial metabolism. However, our current understanding of microbially mediated biogeochemical processes within such microenvironments is still limited. The aim of this thesis was to study the interplay of mass transfer and microbial reaction rates to determine how they govern biogeochemical cycling in microenvironments. To gain insights into these processes, microfluidic techniques were developed and combined with modeling studies to quantify and explore microscale transport processes. The study in chapter 2 aimed to assess the role of oxic sandy sediments in removing anthropogenic nitrogen inputs to the continental shelves by quantifying the contribution of anoxic microenvironments in nitrogen loss. We used oxygen sensitive sensor particles in a microfluidic device to map oxygen production and consumption rates on the surface of individual sand grains. The results showed significant variability in oxygen production and consumption rates on individual sand grain surfaces, suggesting the formation of distinct microenvironments. Integration of microfluidic data into a two-dimensional single sand grain model revealed that the formation of anoxic microenvironments is controlled by solute supply and microbial oxygen production and consumption rates. Subsequently, a non-dimensional number derived from the model was used to estimate the volumes of anoxic microenvironments and calculate associated nitrogen loss. The findings indicated that nitrogen loss in the North Sea could be underestimated by approximately 40%. To further investigate the impact of flow on microscale transport processes and activity within microenvironments, we utilized oxygen-sensitive sensor particles in conjunction with advanced imaging techniques to simultaneously visualize oxygen concentrations and flow fields (chapter 3). The method proved highly effective in non-invasively visualizing the microscale transport processes in the boundary layer, allowing us to visualize oxygen concentrations within and around a model laboratory aggregate. We further show how this novel approach can be used in other marine microenvironments, examining the exchange processes facilitated by cilia on corals. The results show the importance of flow in determining oxygen concentrations and the potential for different microbial metabolisms in marine microenvironments. The activity of microorganisms residing in distinct microenvironments was investigated in chapter 4 using a newly developed microfluidic device for cultivating cells under well-defined solute concentrations. By cultivating marine bacteria under controlled oxic and anoxic conditions, we observed variable growth rates attributed to different energy yields from aerobic respiration and fermentation. Automated image segmentation revealed delayed morphological adaptations in response to changing oxygen concentrations. This study emphasizes the diversity within the microbial community residing in different microenvironments. The combined findings from this thesis show that microbial activity and behavior within seemingly uniform environments are influenced by microscale gradients of solute resulting from mass transport and microbial reaction rates. The work presented in this thesis, through microfluidics, imaging techniques, and modeling studies, highlights the intricate interplay of solute transport and microbial reaction rates, ultimately determining the solute availability in microenvironments. Microbial activity within these distinct microenvironments likely plays a key role in biogeochemical cycling in the oceans.

Interactions Between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments

Author :
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 : 087590274X
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (759 download)

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Book Synopsis Interactions Between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments by :

Download or read book Interactions Between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments written by and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2005-01-14 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine sediments support complex interactions between macro-and microorganisms that have global implications for carbon and nutrient cycles. What is the state of the science on such interactions from coastal and estuarine environments to the deep sea? How does such knowledge effect environmental management? And what does future research hold in store for scientists, engineers, resource managers, and educators?Interactions between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments responds to these questions, and more, by focusing on:? Interactions between plants, microorganisms, and marine sediment? Interactions between animals, microorganisms, and marine sediment? Interactions between macro- and microorganisms and the structuring of benthic communities? Impact of macrobenthic activity on microbially-mediated geochemical cycles in sediments? Conceptual and numeric models of diagenesis that incorporate interactions between macro- and microorganismsHere is an authoritative overview of the research, experimentation and modeling approaches now in use in our rapidly evolving understanding of life in marine sediments.

Microbial Ecology in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Author : Samuel T. Wilson
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889456463
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Ecology in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre by : Samuel T. Wilson

Download or read book Microbial Ecology in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre written by Samuel T. Wilson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microbial community in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is dominated by unicellular microorganisms less than a few micrometers in size. Despite the persistent low nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton growth rates appear near maximal, sustained by the recycling of nutrients with plankton population sizes regulated by processes such as zooplankton grazing and viral lysis. Seasonal pulses of particle export to the deep sea and increases in phytoplankton abundance occur during the summer months; however, the factors that result in these imbalances in growth and loss processes are not well understood. Nonetheless, as a result of persistent fieldwork and development of sensitive methodologies, the biogeochemical and ecological dynamics occurring over timescales ranging from diel to interannual are being revealed. This Research Topic covers multiple aspects of microbial oceanography in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre including identification and isolation of microorganisms, quantification of microbial biomass and turnover, metabolism and physiological activities, and microbial-mediated biogeochemical cycling. All of the papers use field data collected by either the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program, the Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education (C-MORE) or the Simons Collaboration on Ocean Processes and Ecology (SCOPE). These three programs have greatly increased our understanding of microbial ecology and biogeochemical cycling in the NPSG, in part by providing unparalleled access to the NPSG on oceanographic research vessels.