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Microbial Production And Consumption Of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter
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Book Synopsis Microbial Production and Consumption of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter by : Jamie William Becker
Download or read book Microbial Production and Consumption of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Jamie William Becker and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine phytoplankton are the principal producers of oceanic dissolved organic matter (DOM), the organic substrate responsible for secondary production by heterotrophic microbes in the sea. Despite the importance of DOM in marine food webs, details regarding how marine microbes cycle DOM are limited, and few definitive connections have been made between specific producers and consumers. Consumption is thought to depend on the source of the DOM as well as the identity of the consumer; however, it remains unclear how phytoplankton diversity and DOM composition are related, and the metabolic pathways involved in the turnover of DOM by different microbial taxa are largely unknown. The motivation for this thesis is to examine the role of microbial diversity in determining the composition, lability, and physiological consumption of marine DOM. The chemical composition of DOM produced by marine phytoplankton was investigated at the molecular level using mass spectrometry. Results demonstrate that individual phytoplankton strains release a unique suite of organic compounds. Connections between DOM composition and the phylogenetic identity of the producing organism were identified on multiple levels, revealing a direct relationship between phytoplankton diversity and DOM composition. Phytoplankton-derived DOM was also employed in growth assays with oligotrophic bacterioplankton strains to examine effects on heterotrophic growth dynamics. Reproducible responses ranged from suppressed to enhanced growth rates and cell yields, and depended both on the identity of the heterotroph and the source of the DOM. Novel relationships between specific bacterioplankton types and DOM from known biological sources were found, and targets for additional studies on reactive DOM components were identified. The physiology of DOM consumption by a marine Oceanospirillales strain was studied using a combined transcriptomic and untargeted metabolomic approach. The transcriptional response of this bacterium to Prochlorococcus-derived DOM revealed an increase in anabolic processes related to metabolism of carboxylic acids and glucosides, increased gene expression related to proteorhodopsin-based phototrophy, and decreased gene expression related to motility. Putative identification of compounds present in Prochlorococcus-derived DOM supported these responses. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential for linking detailed chemical analyses of labile DOM from a known biological source with bacterioplankton diversity and physiology.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter by : Dennis A. Hansell
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Dennis A. Hansell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of molecules found throughout the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the export, distribution, and sequestration of carbon in the oceanic water column, posited to be a source of atmospheric climate regulation. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, focuses on the chemical constituents of DOM and its biogeochemical, biological, and ecological significance in the global ocean, and provides a single, unique source for the references, information, and informed judgments of the community of marine biogeochemists. Presented by some of the world's leading scientists, this revised edition reports on the major advances in this area and includes new chapters covering the role of DOM in ancient ocean carbon cycles, the long term stability of marine DOM, the biophysical dynamics of DOM, fluvial DOM qualities and fate, and the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, is an extremely useful resource that helps people interested in the largest pool of active carbon on the planet (DOC) get a firm grounding on the general paradigms and many of the relevant references on this topic. Features up-to-date knowledge of DOM, including five new chapters The only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Includes chapters that address inputs from freshwater terrestrial DOM
Book Synopsis Aquatic Humic Substances by : Dag Hessen
Download or read book Aquatic Humic Substances written by Dag Hessen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humic substances occur in all kinds of aquatic systems, but are particularly important in northern, coniferous areas. They strongly modify the aquatic ecosystems and also constitute a major problem in the drinking water supply. This volume covers all aspects of aquatic humic substances, from their origin and chemical properties, their effects on light and nutrient regimes and biogeochemical cycling, to their role regarding organisms, productivity and food web organization from bacteria to fish. Special emphasis is paid to carbon cycling and food web organization in humic lakes, but aspects of marine carbon cycling related to humus are treated as well.
Book Synopsis Microbial Utilization and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments - from Streams to the Deep Ocean by : Johanna Sjöstedt
Download or read book Microbial Utilization and Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments - from Streams to the Deep Ocean written by Johanna Sjöstedt and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter by : Dennis A. Hansell
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Dennis A. Hansell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-04 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, 3rd edition is the most up-to-date revision of the fundamental reference for the biogeochemistry of marine dissolved organic matter. Since its original publication in June 2002, the science, questions, and priorities have advanced, and the editors of this essential guide, have added nine new chapters, including one on the South China Sea. An indispensable manual edited by the most distinguished experts in the field, this book is addressed to graduate students, marine scientists, and all professionals interested in advancing their knowledge of the field. Features up-to-date knowledge on DOM, including 9 new chapters Presents the only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the South China, a region receiving a great deal of attention in recent decades Offers contributions by world-class research leaders
Book Synopsis Aquatic Ecosystems: Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter by : Stuart Findlay
Download or read book Aquatic Ecosystems: Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter written by Stuart Findlay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overviews of the source, supply and variability of DOM, surveys of the processes that mediate inputs to microbial food webs, and syntheses consolidating research findings provide a comprehensive review of what is known of DOM in freshwater. This book will be important to anyone interested in understanding the fundamental factors associated with DOM that control aquatic ecosystems."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Marine Carbon Biogeochemistry by : Jack J. Middelburg
Download or read book Marine Carbon Biogeochemistry written by Jack J. Middelburg and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses biogeochemical processes relevant to carbon and aims to provide readers, graduate students and researchers, with insight into the functioning of marine ecosystems. A carbon centric approach has been adopted, but other elements are included where relevant or needed. The book focuses on concepts and quantitative understanding of primary production, organic matter mineralization and sediment biogeochemistry. The impact of biogeochemical processes on inorganic carbon dynamics and organic matter transformation are also discussed.
Book Synopsis Microscale characterization of dissolved organic matter production and uptake in marine microbial mat communities by : H.W. PAERL
Download or read book Microscale characterization of dissolved organic matter production and uptake in marine microbial mat communities written by H.W. PAERL and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter by : N. Handa
Download or read book Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter written by N. Handa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the scientific activities of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), which focuses on the role of the oceans in controlling climate change via the transport and storage of greenhouse gases and organic matter, have led to an increased interest in the study of the biogeochemistry of organic matter. There is also a growing interest in global climate fluctuations. This, and the need for a precise assessment of the dynamics of carbon and other bio-elements, has led to a demand for an improved understanding of biogeochemical processes and the chemical characteristics of both particulate and dissolved organic matter in the ocean. A large amount of proxy data has been published describing the changes of the oceanic environment, but qualitative and quantitative estimates of the vertical flux of (proxy) organic compounds have not been well documented. There is thus an urgent need to pursue this line of study and, to this end, this book starts with several papers dealing with the primary production of organic matter in the upper ocean. Thereafter, the book goes on to follow the flux and characterization of particulate organic matter, discussed in relation to the primary production in the euphotic zone and resuspension in the deep waters, including the vertical flux of proxy organic compounds. It goes on to explain the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the ocean environment due to photochemical and biological agents, and the reactivity of bulk and specific organic compounds, including the air-sea interaction of biogenic gases. The 22 papers in the book reflect the interests of JGOFS and will thus serve as a valuable reference source for future biogeochemical investigations of both bio-elements and organic matter in seawater, clarifying the role of the ocean in global climate change.
Book Synopsis Aquatic Humic Substances by : I. H. Suffet
Download or read book Aquatic Humic Substances written by I. H. Suffet and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 906 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a cohesive compilation of recent research results into the many aspects of water purification. Major sections cover the characterization and environmental impact of aquatic humic substances, their reactions in natural water and sediments, and their influences on water treatment. Topics examined include hazardous waste chemicals, water solubility enhancement, sorption, metal speciation, and photochemistry. Specific types of treatment processes are also described.
Book Synopsis Dissolved organic carbon production by microbial populations in the Atlantic Ocean by : E. TEIRA
Download or read book Dissolved organic carbon production by microbial populations in the Atlantic Ocean written by E. TEIRA and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence by : Paula G. Coble
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Structure and Function of Microbial Communities Processing Dissolved Organic Matter in Marine Environments by : Hila Elifantz
Download or read book Structure and Function of Microbial Communities Processing Dissolved Organic Matter in Marine Environments written by Hila Elifantz and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current study added to the growing information regarding the composition of bacterial community in aquatic environments and the role of specific bacterial groups in DOM assimilation. In particular, this study was the first to unfold the relation between structure and function of the bacterial community in the Arctic Ocean, the only cold environment studied in that aspect to date. The molecular study of GH5 revealed the potential of the community for polysaccharides degradation, however, more need to be done to broaden our understanding of the mineralization of these compounds in the marine environment.
Book Synopsis Dissolved Organic Matter in Lacustrine Ecosystems by : K. Salonen
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Matter in Lacustrine Ecosystems written by K. Salonen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lakes are often an order of magnitude greater than concentrations of particulate organic matter; nevertheless, the biogeochemical analysis of DOM is described in only a few textbooks on limnology (most thoroughly by Wetzel). The orgins of dissolved organic substances are largely photosynthetic; DOM is either autochthonously synthesized by littoral and pelagic flora through secretions and autolysis of cellular contents, or allochthonously generated in terrestrial systems of the drainage basin, composing largely of humic substances refractory to rapid microbial degradation. The role of DOM in lacustrine ecosystems, as energy source and system regulator, however, is still poorly known. The aim of this book is: (1) to present state-of-the-art reviews of the role of dissolved autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter in pelagial and littoral zones; and (2) to focus attention on poorly understood but critical topics and hence to provide direction for future research activity.
Book Synopsis Remineralization of Marine Particulate Organic Matter by : Brian Gary Burkhardt
Download or read book Remineralization of Marine Particulate Organic Matter written by Brian Gary Burkhardt and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine microorganisms play a significant role in the cycling of nutrients in the open ocean through production, consumption, and degradation of organic matter (OM). Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are essential ingredients in every known recipe for life. However, the cycling of each of these elements proceeds at different rates such that the ratio of C:N:P can vary widely between particulate, dissolved, organic, and inorganic pools. To better understand the mechanisms controlling these transformations, this study investigated the bacterial remineralization of photosynthetically-derived organic matter derived from cultures of Trichodesmium IMS101, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Prochlorococcus MED4, and particulate material collected from the surface waters of an upwelling regime. Experiments were conducted at sea for a short duration (
Book Synopsis Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters by : Christopher L. Osburn
Download or read book Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters written by Christopher L. Osburn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial increase in the number of studies using the optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a proxy for its chemical properties in estuaries and the coastal and open ocean has occurred during the last decade. We are making progress on finding the actual chemical compounds or phenomena responsible for DOM’s optical properties. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, in particular, has made important progress in making the key connections between optics and chemistry. But serious questions remain and the last major special issue on DOM optics and chemistry occurred nearly 10 years ago. Controversies remain from the non-specific optical properties of DOM that are not linked to discrete sources, and sometimes provide conflicting information. The use of optics, which is relatively easier to employ in synoptic and high resolution sampling to determine chemistry, is a critical connection to make and can lead to major advances in our understanding of organic matter cycling in all aquatic ecosystems. The contentions and controversies raised by our poor understanding of the linkages between optics and chemistry of DOM are bottlenecks that need to be addressed and overcome.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter : Ocean Metabolism and Climate Transitions by : Patricia De la Fuente Gamero
Download or read book Dynamics of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter : Ocean Metabolism and Climate Transitions written by Patricia De la Fuente Gamero and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Ocean is the largest Earth compartment holding carbon and nutrients that reaches the upper-ocean at temporal scales ranging from months to 10 kyr. The availability of these nutrients is fundamental to sustain primary production and the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in surface waters controls the glacial-interglacial changes in atmospheric CO2. One process that influences both nutrients and carbon availability is the Microbial Carbon Pump (MCP), which refers to the production of refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) compounds via heterotrophic microbial activity. Variations in the RDOC pool affect long-term carbon storage in the ocean, hence influencing the carbon cycle and climate. The general objective of this thesis is to expand our understanding of the connections between RDOC production by MCP and the ocean metabolism (understood as the upper-ocean net autotrophic community production), paying special attention to the role of the marine microbial processes in the glacial-interglacial transitions of the Earth system. The RDOC production by MCP is inferred through the lineal dependence of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) with apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and nutrients. This relationship, however, depends on the preformed content in the water masses. In this thesis, a valuable dataset, obtained from a high-resolution spatial sampling along 7.5oN in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, is used to distinguish the variability of FDOM distribution associated with in situ production from that related to the water properties at origin. A simple objective nonlinear-global methodology for resolving the non-conservative fraction of biogeochemical variables distribution is presented. The approach focuses on fitting high-order polynomial models over the entire temperature-salinity space. The differences between the modelled values and the observations are identified as biogeochemical anomalies. The goodness of the method is compared, for each water stratum, with the traditional approach, which is based on the local linear mixing of a maximum of three source water masses. The new methodology has good skill at distinguishing between the conservative and non-conservative contributions to biogeochemical variables, lending information about biogeochemical processes, stoichiometric ratios and patterns of connectivity within a certain region. For the first time, a general relationship between humic-like FDOM and AOU in the dark equatorial Atlantic Ocean is formulated, irrespective of the water masses. The results endorse the idea that FDOM is mostly produced in situ in the dark ocean. In the second part of the thesis, the role of RDOC pool in quaternary climate transitions is explored. The glacial-interglacial transitions are considered as functional states of the complex Earth system, with different energetic conditions in terms of solar energy conversion through marine photosynthesis. The oceanic system capacity to capture and transform the incident solar radiation depends on the availability of DIC and nutrients to the productive upper ocean. The supply of DIC and nutrients by the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and the DOM pool are evaluated through a simple two-box and two-state relaxation-type model for the DIC and nutrients in the upper ocean. The model, inspired on physiological concepts, considers the upper ocean to switch between basal (glacial) and enhanced (interglacial) metabolic states. The model reproduces well the atmospheric CO2 time series for the last 420 kyr, providing a solution for the size and temporal dependence of the MOC and setting global constraints on primary production and remineralization in the upper ocean. The RDOC accumulates during the glacial period and its availability at the end of this cycle sets the metabolic intensity of the subsequent interglacial, in what constitutes a central component of the Earth's pulsating homeostatic organization.
