Mexican National Identity

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Mexican National Identity

Author : William H. Beezley
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816526907
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Mexican National Identity by : William H. Beezley

Download or read book Mexican National Identity written by William H. Beezley and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this enlightening book, the well-known historian William Beezley contends that a Mexican national identity was forged during the nineteenth century not by a self-anointed elite but rather by a disparate mix of ordinary people and everyday events. In examining independence festivals, childrenÕs games, annual almanacs, and the performances of itinerant puppet theaters, Beezley argues that these seemingly unrelated and commonplace occurrencesÑnot the far more self-conscious and organized efforts of politicians, teachers, and othersÑcreated a far-reaching sense of a new nation. In the century that followed MexicoÕs independence from Spain in 1821, Beezley maintains, sentiments of nationality were promulgated by people who were concerned not with the promotion of nationalism but with something far more immediateÑthe need to earn a living. These peddlers, vendors, actors, artisans, writers, publishers, and puppeteers sought widespread popular appeal so that they could earn money. According to Beezley, they constantly refined their performances, as well as the symbols and images they employed, in order to secure larger revenues. Gradually they discovered the stories, acts, and products that attracted the largest numbers of paying customers. As Beezley convincingly asserts, out of Òwhat sold to the massesÓ a collective national identity slowly emerged. Mexican National Identity makes an important contribution to the growing body of literature that explores the influences of popular culture on issues of national identity. By looking at identity as it was fashioned Òin the streets,Ó it opens new avenues for exploring identity formation more generally, not just in Mexico and Latin American countries but in every nation. Check out the New Books in History Interview with Bill Beezley!

Indigeneity in the Mexican Cultural Imagination

Author : Analisa Taylor
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816527182
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (271 download)

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Book Synopsis Indigeneity in the Mexican Cultural Imagination by : Analisa Taylor

Download or read book Indigeneity in the Mexican Cultural Imagination written by Analisa Taylor and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2009-03-19 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Mexican Revolution in 1917, the state has engaged in vigorous campaign to forge a unified national identity. Within the context of this effort, Indians are at once both denigrated and romanticized. Often marginalized, they are nonetheless subjects of constant national interest. Contradictory policies highlighting segregation, assimilation, modernization, and cultural preservation have alternately included and excluded MexicoÕs indigenous population from the stateÕs self-conscious efforts to shape its identity. Yet, until now, no single book has combined the various elements of this process to provide a comprehensive look at the Indian in MexicoÕs cultural imagination. Indigeneity in the Mexican Cultural Imagination offers a much-needed examination of this fickle relationship as it is seen through literature, ethnography, film and art. The book focuses on representations of indigenous peoples in post-revolutionary literary and intellectual history by examining key cultural texts. Using these analyses as a foundation, Analisa Taylor links her critique to national Indian policy, rights, and recent social movements in Southern Mexico. In addition, she moves beyond her analysis of indigenous peoples in general to take a gendered look at indigenous women ranging from the villainized Malinche to the highly romanticized and sexualized Zapotec women of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. The contradictory treatment of the Indian in MexicoÕs cultural imagination is not unique to that country alone. Rather, the situation there is representative of a phenomenon seen throughout the world. Though this book addresses indigeneity in Mexico specifically, it has far-reaching implications for the study of indigenaety across Latin America and beyond. Much like the late Edward SaidÕs Orientalism, this book provides a glimpse at the very real effects of literary and intellectual discourse on those living in the margins of society. This bookÕs interdisciplinary approach makes it an essential foundation for research in the fields of anthropology, history, literary critique, sociology, and cultural studies. While the book is ideal for a scholarly audience, the accessible writing and scope of the analysis make it of interest to lay audiences as well. It is a must-read for anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the politics of indigeneity in Mexico and beyond.

Mexican National Identity

Author : William H. Beezley
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816526895
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Mexican National Identity by : William H. Beezley

Download or read book Mexican National Identity written by William H. Beezley and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this enlightening book, the well-known historian William Beezley contends that a Mexican national identity was forged during the nineteenth century not by a self-anointed elite but rather by a disparate mix of ordinary people and everyday events. In examining independence festivals, children’s games, annual almanacs, and the performances of itinerant puppet theaters, Beezley argues that these seemingly unrelated and commonplace occurrences—not the far more self-conscious and organized efforts of politicians, teachers, and others—created a far-reaching sense of a new nation. In the century that followed Mexico’s independence from Spain in 1821, Beezley maintains, sentiments of nationality were promulgated by people who were concerned not with the promotion of nationalism but with something far more immediate—the need to earn a living. These peddlers, vendors, actors, artisans, writers, publishers, and puppeteers sought widespread popular appeal so that they could earn money. According to Beezley, they constantly refined their performances, as well as the symbols and images they employed, in order to secure larger revenues. Gradually they discovered the stories, acts, and products that attracted the largest numbers of paying customers. As Beezley convincingly asserts, out of “what sold to the masses” a collective national identity slowly emerged. Mexican National Identity makes an important contribution to the growing body of literature that explores the influences of popular culture on issues of national identity. By looking at identity as it was fashioned “in the streets,” it opens new avenues for exploring identity formation more generally, not just in Mexico and Latin American countries but in every nation. Check out the New Books in History Interview with Bill Beezley!

Looking for Mexico

Author : John Mraz
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822392208
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Looking for Mexico by : John Mraz

Download or read book Looking for Mexico written by John Mraz and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-15 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Looking for Mexico, a leading historian of visual culture, John Mraz, provides a panoramic view of Mexico’s modern visual culture from the U.S. invasion of 1847 to the present. Along the way, he illuminates the powerful role of photographs, films, illustrated magazines, and image-filled history books in the construction of national identity, showing how Mexicans have both made themselves and been made with the webs of significance spun by modern media. Central to Mraz’s book is photography, which was distributed widely throughout Mexico in the form of cartes-de-visite, postcards, and illustrated magazines. Mraz analyzes the work of a broad range of photographers, including Guillermo Kahlo, Winfield Scott, Hugo Brehme, Agustín Víctor Casasola, Tina Modotti, Manuel Álvarez Bravo, Héctor García, Pedro Meyer, and the New Photojournalists. He also examines representations of Mexico’s past in the country’s influential picture histories: popular, large-format, multivolume series replete with thousands of photographs and an assortment of texts. Turning to film, Mraz compares portrayals of the Mexican Revolution by Fernando de Fuentes to the later movies of Emilio Fernández and Gabriel Figueroa. He considers major stars of Golden Age cinema as gender archetypes for mexicanidad, juxtaposing the charros (hacienda cowboys) embodied by Pedro Infante, Pedro Armendáriz, and Jorge Negrete with the effacing women: the mother, Indian, and shrew as played by Sara García, Dolores del Río, and María Félix. Mraz also analyzes the leading comedians of the Mexican screen, representations of the 1968 student revolt, and depictions of Frida Kahlo in films made by Paul Leduc and Julie Taymor. Filled with more than fifty illustrations, Looking for Mexico is an exuberant plunge into Mexico’s national identity, its visual culture, and the connections between the two.

The World of Lucha Libre

Author : Heather Levi
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822391473
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis The World of Lucha Libre by : Heather Levi

Download or read book The World of Lucha Libre written by Heather Levi and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-24 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World of Lucha Libre is an insider’s account of lucha libre, the popular Mexican form of professional wrestling. Heather Levi spent more than a year immersed in the world of wrestling in Mexico City. Not only did she observe live events and interview wrestlers, referees, officials, promoters, and reporters; she also apprenticed with a retired luchador (wrestler). Drawing on her insider’s perspective, she explores lucha libre as a cultural performance, an occupational subculture, and a set of symbols that circulate through Mexican culture and politics. Levi argues that the broad appeal of lucha libre lies in its capacity to stage contradictions at the heart of Mexican national identity: between the rural and the urban, tradition and modernity, ritual and parody, machismo and feminism, politics and spectacle. Levi considers lucha libre in light of scholarship about sport, modernization, and the formation of the Mexican nation-state, and in connection to professional wrestling in the United States. She examines the role of secrecy in wrestling, the relationship between wrestlers and the characters they embody, and the meanings of the masks worn by luchadors. She discusses male wrestlers who perform masculine roles, those who cross-dress and perform feminine roles, and female wrestlers who wrestle each other. Investigating the relationship between lucha libre and the mass media, she highlights the history of the sport’s engagement with television: it was televised briefly in the early 1950s, but not again until 1991. Finally, Levi traces the circulation of lucha libre symbols in avant-garde artistic movements and its appropriation in left-wing political discourse. The World of Lucha Libre shows how a sport imported from the United States in the 1930s came to be an iconic symbol of Mexican cultural authenticity.

Mexico on Film

Author : Armida de la Garza
Publisher : Arena books
ISBN 13 : 0954316169
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (543 download)

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Book Synopsis Mexico on Film by : Armida de la Garza

Download or read book Mexico on Film written by Armida de la Garza and published by Arena books. This book was released on 2006-12-18 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given its features as a modern mass medium and thus closely related to the nation, cinema has rightly been regarded as a privileged site for putting forward and contesting representations of national identity, or in short, as a main arena in which narratives of national identity are negotiated. What do films such as Amores Perros or Traffic say about Mexican identity? In what way could Bread and Roses or The Crime of Padre Amaro be part of its transformation? This book looks at representations of "e;Mexicanity"e; in Mexican cinema and also in Hollywood throughout the twentieth century and beyond, arguing that the international context plays at least as important a role as ethnicity, religion and language in the construction of images of the national self, although it is seldom taken into account in theories of national identity. The Mexican film may reveal much about Mexican society, e.g.,Traffic and the prevalence of drug trafficking, Bread and Roses, and the problems of migration; Amores Perros, in relation to metaphors of the nation as an extended family; The Crime of Father Amaro, in discussing the changing position of the Catholic Church; and Herod's Law, a scathing critique to the political system that dominated Mexico for the best part of the 20th century. Throughout, the book emphasises the contingent nature of hegemonic representations, and our ongoing need to tell and to listen to - or indeed, view - stories that weave together a variety of strands to convincingly tell us who we are.

Mexico on Film

Author : Armida De La Garza Author
Publisher : Arena books
ISBN 13 : 1906791104
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Mexico on Film by : Armida De La Garza Author

Download or read book Mexico on Film written by Armida De La Garza Author and published by Arena books. This book was released on 2006-06-20 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given its features as a modern mass medium and thus closely related to the nation, cinema has rightly been regarded as a privileged site for putting forward contesting representations of national identity, or in short, as a main area in which narratives of national identity are negotiated.What do films such as Amores Perros or Traffic say about Mexican identity? In what way could Bread and Roses or The Crime of Padre Amaro be part of its transformation? This book looks at representations of "e;Mexicanity"e; in Mexican cinema and also in Hollywood throughout the 20th century and beyond, arguing that the international context plays at least as important a role as ethnicity, religion and language in the construction of images of the national self, although it is seldom taken into account in theories of national identity.The Mexican film may reveal much about Mexican society, e.g., Traffic and the prevalence of drug trafficking, Bread and Roses, and the problems of migration; Amores Perros, in relation to metaphors of the nation as an extended family; The Crime of Father Amaro, in discussing the changing position of the Catholic Church; and Herod's Law, a scathing critique of the political system that dominated Mexico for the best past of the 20th century.Throughout, the book emphases the contingent nature of hegemonic representations, and our ongoing need to tell and to listen to - or indeed, view - stories that weave together a variety of strands to convincingly tell us who we are.

Changing National Identities at the Frontier

Author : Andrés Reséndez
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521543194
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Changing National Identities at the Frontier by : Andrés Reséndez

Download or read book Changing National Identities at the Frontier written by Andrés Reséndez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how the diverse and fiercely independent peoples of Texas and New Mexico came to think of themselves as members of one particular national community or another in the years leading up to the Mexican-American War. Hispanics, Native Americans, and Anglo Americans made agonizing and crucial identity decisions against the backdrop of two structural transformations taking place in the region during the first half of the 19th century and often pulling in opposite directions.

Nationalist Myths and Ethnic Identities

Author : Natividad Gutierrez
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0803288603
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Nationalist Myths and Ethnic Identities by : Natividad Gutierrez

Download or read book Nationalist Myths and Ethnic Identities written by Natividad Gutierrez and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2015-11-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely study examines the processes by which modern states are created within multiethnic societies. How are national identities forged from countries made up of peoples with different and often conflicting cultures, languages, and histories? How successful is this process? What is lost and gained from the emergence of national identities? Natividad Guti�rrez examines the development of the modern Mexican state to address these difficult questions. She describes how Mexican national identity has been and is being created and evaluates the effectiveness of that process of state-building. Her investigation is distinguished by a critical consideration of cross-cultural theories of nationalism and the illuminating use of a broad range of data from Mexican culture and history, including interviews with contemporary indigenous intellectuals and students, an analysis of public-school textbooks, and information gathered from indigenous organizations. Guti�rrez argues that the modern Mexican state is buttressed by pervasive nationalist myths of foundation, descent, and heroism. These myths—expressed and reinforced through the manipulation of symbols, public education, and political discourse—downplay separate ethnic identities and work together to articulate an overriding nationalist ideology. The ideology girding the Mexican state has not been entirely successful, however. This study reveals that indigenous intellectuals and students are troubled by the relationship between their nationalist and ethnic identities and are increasingly questioning official policies of integration.

Mexican American Identity

Author : Martha E. Bernal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Mexican American Identity by : Martha E. Bernal

Download or read book Mexican American Identity written by Martha E. Bernal and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MEXICAN AMERICAN IDENTITY, edited by Martha E. Bemal and Phylis Cancilla Martinelli, is the most outstanding collection of original research and analytical discussion so far published that focuses on Mexican American ethnic identity, an important dimension of ethnicity. This title is critical for educators and policy makers who set policy or make decisions affecting the Latino/Hispanic community for it provides an empirical and cognitive basis for understanding the idiosyncratic characteristics of this group as a unique culture and vis-à-vis the larger social context. Qui ego sum? 'Who am I? and Qui tu es? Who are you? are basic human inquiries. This book discusses and sheds light on the underlying dynamics determining and shaping identity and self-image of the Mexican American as an individual and a social group. This anthology is comprised of ten essays, whose topics range from historical analysis of Mexican American identity; society's views of Mexican Americans and how these images and perceptions influence ethnic identity; the identity of Mexican American women, young children, adolescents. It also includes discussions of the political and policy impacts of Mexican American identity in cross-cultural and Anglo American, and dominant group settings. This collection of essays places Mexican American ethnic identity in a broad context beyond the borders of the United States an into an earlier time frame. Ethnic identity is explored as both a resource for the individual and the group. Other aspects discussed are ethnicity and ethnic identity in Mexico and Mexican America; Mexican immigrant nationalism as an origin of identity for Mexican Americans; in-group perspectives to the broader implications of ethnicity and how the larger society affects Mexican Americans and specifies the links between ethnic identity and public policy; ethnic dimensions of gender and the dilemmas of high achieving Mexican American women. Most highly recommended. Lector.

Intersected Identities

Author : Erica Segre
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1800735103
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Intersected Identities by : Erica Segre

Download or read book Intersected Identities written by Erica Segre and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2007-05-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has always been an important visual element to the construction and questioning of national identity in post-Independence Mexico, though one that has not always been given its due, outside of the celebrated and much-studied muralists. Ranging from the early nineteenth century to the present – from the vogue for the picturesque, illustrated periodicals and the influential writings of Altamirano to a wealth of twentieth-century graphic artists, filmmakers and photographers – this book re-examines the complex variety of ways in which that visual element has operated. In particular, it looks at the ways in which discourses concerning ethnicity and cultural hybridity have been echoed and transformed in Mexican visual culture, resulting in fields of visual discourse which are eclectic and increasingly self-reflexive.

Finding Afro-Mexico

Author : Theodore W. Cohen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108671179
Total Pages : 572 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

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Book Synopsis Finding Afro-Mexico by : Theodore W. Cohen

Download or read book Finding Afro-Mexico written by Theodore W. Cohen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-07 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2015, the Mexican state counted how many of its citizens identified as Afro-Mexican for the first time since independence. Finding Afro-Mexico reveals the transnational interdisciplinary histories that led to this celebrated reformulation of Mexican national identity. It traces the Mexican, African American, and Cuban writers, poets, anthropologists, artists, composers, historians, and archaeologists who integrated Mexican history, culture, and society into the African Diaspora after the Revolution of 1910. Theodore W. Cohen persuasively shows how these intellectuals rejected the nineteenth-century racial paradigms that heralded black disappearance when they made blackness visible first in Mexican culture and then in post-revolutionary society. Drawing from more than twenty different archives across the Americas, this cultural and intellectual history of black visibility, invisibility, and community-formation questions the racial, cultural, and political dimensions of Mexican history and Afro-diasporic thought.

Collecting Mexico

Author : Shelley E. Garrigan
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 0816670927
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (166 download)

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Book Synopsis Collecting Mexico by : Shelley E. Garrigan

Download or read book Collecting Mexico written by Shelley E. Garrigan and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers how public collections on display form powerful ideas of nationalism

Mexican Costumbrismo

Author : Mey-Yen Moriuchi
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 027108152X
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Mexican Costumbrismo by : Mey-Yen Moriuchi

Download or read book Mexican Costumbrismo written by Mey-Yen Moriuchi and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The years following Mexican independence in 1821 were critical to the development of social, racial, and national identities. The visual arts played a decisive role in this process of self-definition. Mexican Costumbrismo reorients current understanding of this key period in the history of Mexican art by focusing on a distinctive genre of painting that emerged between 1821 and 1890: costumbrismo. In contrast to the neoclassical work favored by the Mexican academy, costumbrista artists portrayed the quotidian lives of the lower to middle classes, their clothes, food, dwellings, and occupations. Based on observations of similitude and difference, costumbrista imagery constructed stereotypes of behavioral and biological traits associated with distinct racial and social classes. In doing so, Mey-Yen Moriuchi argues, these works engaged with notions of universality and difference, contributed to the documentation and reification of social and racial types, and transformed the way Mexicans saw themselves, as well as how other nations saw them, during a time of rapid change for all aspects of national identity. Carefully researched and featuring more than thirty full-color exemplary reproductions of period work, Moriuchi’s study is a provocative art-historical examination of costumbrismo’s lasting impact on Mexican identity and history. E-book editions have been made possible through support of the Art History Publication Initiative (AHPI), a collaborative grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Danger Zones

Author : Claudia Schaefer
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816550646
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Danger Zones by : Claudia Schaefer

Download or read book Danger Zones written by Claudia Schaefer and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2022-08-16 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homosexuality has appeared as a secondary theme in the fictional works of numerous mainstream writers in contemporary Mexico. Here, the author deals with issues of gender identity when they emerge as metaphorical red flags signaling cultural danger zones along the path to harmonious national discourse. By focusing on the representation of homosexuality in a variety of texts produced between 1964 and 1994, the book also delineates complex relationships within Mexican society. Contents: 1. El diario de José Toledo: The Fantasies of a Middle-Class Bureaucrat 2. The Power of Subversive Imagination: Utopian Discourse in the Novels of Luis Zapata and José Rafael Calva 3. On the Cutting Edge: El jinete azul and the Aesthetics of the Abyss 4. Monobodies, Antibodies, and the Body Politic: Sara Levi Calderón’s Dos mujeres 5. Just Another Material Girl? La hermana secreta de Angélica María and the Seduction of the Popular 6. From "Infernal Realms of Delinquency" to Cozy Cabañas in Cuernavaca: José Joaquín Blanco’s Visions of Homosexuality

Gringolandia

Author : Stephen D. Morris
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780842051477
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis Gringolandia by : Stephen D. Morris

Download or read book Gringolandia written by Stephen D. Morris and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2005 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mexico's views of the United States have been characterized as stridently anti-American, but recent policy changes in Mexico mark a fundamental transformation in the relationship. This thoughtful and original work answers questions about the impact of these policy shifts on Mexican nationalism and perceptions of the United States. As the only developing country to have entered into a free trade agreement (NAFTA) with a developed country, Mexico offers a unique and invaluable case study of the impact of globalization on a nation and its national identity. Exploring Mexico's experience also allows us to consider how other countries perceive the United States, especially in the post-9/11 climate. Analyzing the diversity of Mexican views of the United States, Gringolandia contributes a rich and nuanced dimension to our understanding of contemporary Mexico and Mexicans' feelings about the vital cross-border relationship.

The Eagle and the Virgin

Author : Mary Kay Vaughan
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822387522
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis The Eagle and the Virgin by : Mary Kay Vaughan

Download or read book The Eagle and the Virgin written by Mary Kay Vaughan and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-13 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the fighting of the Mexican Revolution died down in 1920, the national government faced the daunting task of building a cohesive nation. It had to establish control over a disparate and needy population and prepare the country for global economic competition. As part of this effort, the government enlisted the energy of artists and intellectuals in cultivating a distinctly Mexican identity. It devised a project for the incorporation of indigenous peoples and oversaw a vast, innovative program in the arts. The Eagle and the Virgin examines the massive nation-building project Mexico undertook between 1920 and 1940. Contributors explore the nation-building efforts of the government, artists, entrepreneurs, and social movements; their contradictory, often conflicting intersection; and their inevitably transnational nature. Scholars of political and social history, communications, and art history describe the creation of national symbols, myths, histories, and heroes to inspire patriotism and transform workers and peasants into efficient, productive, gendered subjects. They analyze the aesthetics of nation building made visible in murals, music, and architecture; investigate state projects to promote health, anticlericalism, and education; and consider the role of mass communications, such as cinema and radio, and the impact of road building. They discuss how national identity was forged among social groups, specifically political Catholics, industrial workers, middle-class women, and indigenous communities. Most important, the volume weighs in on debates about the tension between the eagle (the modernizing secular state) and the Virgin of Guadalupe (the Catholic defense of faith and morality). It argues that despite bitter, violent conflict, the symbolic repertoire created to promote national identity and memory making eventually proved capacious enough to allow the eagle and the virgin to coexist peacefully. Contributors. Adrian Bantjes, Katherine Bliss, María Teresa Fernández, Joy Elizabeth Hayes, Joanne Hershfield, Stephen E. Lewis, Claudio Lomnitz, Rick A. López, Sarah M. Lowe, Jean Meyer, James Oles, Patrice Olsen, Desmond Rochfort, Michael Snodgrass, Mary Kay Vaughan, Marco Velázquez, Wendy Waters, Adriana Zavala