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Metrological Challenges Of Synchrotron Radiation Optics
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Book Synopsis Metrological Challenges of Synchrotron Radiation Optics by :
Download or read book Metrological Challenges of Synchrotron Radiation Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern third generation storage rings, require state-of-the-art grazing incidence x-ray optics, in order to monochromate the Synchrotrons Radiation (SR) source photons, and focus them into the experimental stations. Slope error tolerances in the order of 0.5 [mu]Rad RMS, and surface roughness well below 5 Å RMS, are frequently specified for mirrors and gratings exceeding 300 mm in length. Non-contact scanning instruments were developed, in order to characterize SR optical surfaces, of spherical and aspherical shape. Among these, the Long Trace Profiler (LTP), a double pencil slope measuring interferometer, has proved to be particularly reliable, and was adopted by several SR optics metrology laboratories. The ELETTRA soft x-rays and optics metrology laboratory, has operated an LTP since 1992. We review the basic operating principles of this instrument, and some major instrumental and environmental improvements, that were developed in order to detect slope errors lower than 1 [mu]Rad RMS on optical surfaces up to one metre in length. A comparison among measurements made on the same reference flat, by different interferometers (most of them were LTPs) can give some helpful indications in order to optimize the quality of measurement.
Book Synopsis Metrology of Reflection Optics for Synchrotron Radiation by :
Download or read book Metrology of Reflection Optics for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen an almost explosive growth in the number of beam lines on new and existing synchrotron radiation facilities throughout the world. The need for optical components to utilize the unique characteristics of synchrotron radiation has increased accordingly. Unfortunately, the technology to manufacture and measure the large, smooth, exotic optical surfaces required to focus and steer the synchrotron radiation beam has not progressed as rapidly as the operational demands on these components. Most companies do not wish to become involved with a project that requires producing a single, very expensive, aspheric optic with surface roughness and figure tolerances that are beyond their capabilities to measure. This paper will review some of the experiences of the National Synchrotron Light Source in procuring grazing incidence optical components over the past several years. We will review the specification process - how it is related to the function of the optic, and how it relates to the metrology available during the manufacturing process and after delivery to the user's laboratory. We will also discuss practical aspects of our experience with new technologies, such as single point diamond turning of metal mirrors and the use of SiC as a mirror material. Recent advances in metrology instrumentation have the potential to move the measurement of surface figure and finish from the research laboratory into the optical shop, which should stimulate growth and interest in the manufacturing of optics to meet the needs of the synchrotron radiation user community.
Book Synopsis X-ray Optics Metrology Limited by Random Noise, Instrumental Drifts, and Systematic Errors by :
Download or read book X-ray Optics Metrology Limited by Random Noise, Instrumental Drifts, and Systematic Errors written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous, large-scale efforts to improve and develop third- and forth-generation synchrotron radiation light sources for unprecedented high-brightness, low emittance, and coherent x-ray beams demand diffracting and reflecting x-ray optics suitable for micro- and nano-focusing, brightness preservation, and super high resolution. One of the major impediments for development of x-ray optics with the required beamline performance comes from the inadequate present level of optical and at-wavelength metrology and insufficient integration of the metrology into the fabrication process and into beamlines. Based on our experience at the ALS Optical Metrology Laboratory, we review the experimental methods and techniques that allow us to mitigate significant optical metrology problems related to random, systematic, and drift errors with super-high-quality x-ray optics. Measurement errors below 0.2 mu rad have become routine. We present recent results from the ALS of temperature stabilized nano-focusing optics and dedicated at-wavelength metrology. The international effort to develop a next generation Optical Slope Measuring System (OSMS) to address these problems is also discussed. Finally, we analyze the remaining obstacles to further improvement of beamline x-ray optics and dedicated metrology, and highlight the ways we see to overcome the problems.
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Optics by :
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Image distortions produced by a cylinder mirror at the National Synchrotron Light Source are compared with performance predictions based on measurements of surface slope errors in the millimeter spatial period regime made with an optical surface profiler.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation by : Helmut Wiedemann
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation written by Helmut Wiedemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the characteristics of synchrotron radiation, including insertion device radiation, are described and derived from first principles. The reader is first introduced to the subject in an intuitive way in order to gain familiarity with the underlying physical processes. A rigorous mathematical derivation of the theory follows. Since the characteristics of synchrotron radiation are intimately connected with the parameters of the electron beam and its accelerator, a basic introduction to electron beam dynamics and accelerator design is included. The book is aimed at graduate students and scientists working with synchrotron radiation.
Book Synopsis Future Metrology Needs for Synchrotron Radiation Grazing-incidence Optics by :
Download or read book Future Metrology Needs for Synchrotron Radiation Grazing-incidence Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Collective Phenomena in Synchrotron Radiation Sources by : Shaukat Khan
Download or read book Collective Phenomena in Synchrotron Radiation Sources written by Shaukat Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book helps dispel the notion that collective phenomena, which have become increasingly important in modern storage rings, are an obscure and inaccessible topic. The book serves as a valuable guide on how to improve synchrotrons and other storage rings. Despite an emphasis on synchrotron light sources, the basic concepts presented here are valid for other facilities as well.
Book Synopsis Advances in Metrology for X-ray and EUV Optics by :
Download or read book Advances in Metrology for X-ray and EUV Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metrology Laboratory Requirements for Third-generation Synchrotron Radiation Sources by :
Download or read book Metrology Laboratory Requirements for Third-generation Synchrotron Radiation Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New third-generation synchrotron radiation sources that are now, or will soon, come on line will need to decide how to handle the testing of optical components delivered for use in their beam lines. In many cases it is desirable to establish an in-house metrology laboratory to do the work. We review the history behind the formation of the Optical Metrology Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the rationale for its continued existence. We offer suggestions to those who may be contemplating setting up similar facilities, based on our experiences over the past two decades.
Book Synopsis Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Optics--correlation of Performance with Metrology by :
Download or read book Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Optics--correlation of Performance with Metrology written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation by : Piero Pianetta
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation written by Piero Pianetta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2000 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference presents invited and contributed papers by international experts devoted to explosive phenomena in cosmic settings as diverse as stellar flares, X-ray bursts, jets, novae, supernovae, hypernovae, and gamma-ray bursts. The conference considered not only the origins of explosive behavior, but also information about the host systems that the explosive phenomena might yield. For example, X-ray bursts can be used to determine structural parameters of neutron stars, and specific types of supernovae can be used as standard candles to study the deceleration of the Hubble expansion.
Book Synopsis 3-D Surface Profile Measurements of Large X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors Using Stitching Interferometry by :
Download or read book 3-D Surface Profile Measurements of Large X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors Using Stitching Interferometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stitching interferometry, using small-aperture, high-resolution, phase-measuring interferometry, has been proposed for quite some time now as a metrology technique to obtain 3-dimensional profiles of surfaces of oversized optical components and substrates. The aim of this work is to apply this method to the specific case of long grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors, such as those used in beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. Both fabrication and characterization of these mirrors would greatly benefit from this technique because it offers the potential for providing measurements with accuracy and resolution better than those obtained using existing noncontact laser profilers, such as the long trace profiler (LTP). Measurement data can be used as feedback for computer-controlled fabrication processes to correct for possible topography errors. The data can also be used for simulating and predicting mirror performance under realistic conditions. A semiautomated stitching system was built and tested at the X-ray Optics Metrology Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial objective was to achieve a measurement sensitivity on the order of 1 [mu]rad rms. Preliminary tests on a 1 m-long x-ray mirror showed system repeatability of less than 0.6 [mu]rad rms. This value is comparable to that of a conventional LTP. The measurement accuracy was mostly affected by environmental perturbations and system calibration effects. With a fully automated and improved system (to be built in the near future), we expect to achieve measurement sensitivity on the order of 0.0 [mu]rad rms or better. In this paper, after a brief review of basic principles and general technical difficulties and challenges of the stitching technique, a detailed description of the measurement setup is given and preliminary results obtained with it are analyzed and discussed.
Book Synopsis Selected Papers on VUV Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation by : D. L. Ederer
Download or read book Selected Papers on VUV Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation written by D. L. Ederer and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1998 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains 92 papers on VUV synchrotron radiation instrumentation. Areas addressed include: high resolution X-ray spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation; the classical radiation of accelerated electrons; and the design of holographic concave gratings for Seya-Namioka monochromators.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers by : Eberhard J. Jaeschke
Download or read book Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers written by Eberhard J. Jaeschke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation by : Jan-Erik Rubensson
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation written by Jan-Erik Rubensson and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2016-08-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synchrotron radiation is the name given to the radiation which occurs when charged particles are accelerated in a curved path or orbit. Classically, any charged particle which moves in a curved path or is accelerated in a straight-line path will emit electromagnetic radiation. Various names are given to this radiation in different contexts. Thus circular particle accelerators are called synchrotrons, this is where charged particles are accelerated to very high speeds and the radiation is referred to as synchrotron radiation. Suitable for a summer short course or one term lecture series this text introduces the subject, starting with some historical background then covering basic concepts such as flux, intensity, brilliance, emittance and Liouville's theorem. The book then covers the properties of synchrotron radiation, insertion devices, beamlines and monochromators before finishing with an introduction to free electron lasers and an overview of the most common techniques and applications of this technology.
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation by : Philip Willmott, PhD
Download or read book An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation written by Philip Willmott, PhD and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The updated guide to the fundamental concepts, techniques and applications of synchrotron radiation and its applications in this rapidly developing field Synchrotron light is recognized as an invaluable research tool by a broad spectrum of scientists, ranging from physicists to biologists and archaeologists. The comprehensively revised second edition of An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation offers a guide to the basic concepts of the generation and manipulation of synchrotron light, its interaction with matter and the application of synchrotron light in x-ray scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging. The author, a noted expert in the field, reviews the fundamentals of important experimental methods, and explores the most recent technological advances in both the latest generation of x-ray sources and x-ray instrumentation. Designed to be an accessible resource, the book contains full-colour illustrations of the underlying physics and experimental applications, as well as the most commonly-used synchrotron techniques. In particular, the updated second edition now includes: In-depth descriptions of the latest x-ray-source technologies, notably diffraction-limited storage rings and x-ray free-electron lasers The latest advances in instrumentation, x-ray optics, and experimental methods in synchrotron radiation The most recent developments in macromolecular crystallography, time-resolved studies, and imaging techniques A comprehensive set of problems for each chapter, plus their ideal solutions in the appendices. Written for undergraduate and postgraduate students from all areas of the natural and physical sciences, An Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation, Second Edition is an invaluable up-to-date reference source in this highly multidisciplinary field. PowerPoint slides of all the figures within the text are available for download, for instructors and users of this book, at http://booksupport.wiley.com
Book Synopsis Modern Metrology Concerns by : Luigi Cocco
Download or read book Modern Metrology Concerns written by Luigi Cocco and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What are the recent developments in the field of Metrology?" International leading experts answer this question providing both state of the art presentation and a road map to the future of measurement science. The book is organized in six sections according to the areas of expertise, namely: Introduction; Length, Distance and Surface; Voltage, Current and Frequency; Optics; Time and Relativity; Biology and Medicine. Theoretical basis and applications are explained in accurate and comprehensive manner, providing a valuable reference to researchers and professionals.
