Methodological And Historical Essays In The Natural And Social Sciences Edited By Robert S Cohen And Marx W Wartofsky

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Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences

Author : Robert S. Cohen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401021287
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences by : Robert S. Cohen

Download or read book Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences written by Robert S. Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modem philosophy of science has turned out to be a Pandora's box. Once opened, the puzzling monsters appeared: not only was the neat structure of classical physics radically changed, but a variety of broader questions were let loose, bearing on the nature of scientific inquiry and of human knowledge in general. Philosophy of science could not help becoming epistemological and historical, and could no longer avoid metaphysical questions, even when these were posed in disguise. Once the identification of scientific methodology with that of physics had been queried, not only did biology and psychology come under scrutiny as major modes of scientific inquiry, but so too did history and the social sciences - particularly economics, sociology and anthropology. And now, new 'monsters' are emerging - for example, medicine and political science as disciplined inquiries. This raises anew a much older question, namely whether the conception of science is to be distinguished from a wider conception of learning and inquiry? Or is science to be more deeply understood as the most adequate form of learning and inquiry, whose methods reach every domain of rational thought? Is modern science matured reason, or is it simply one historically adapted and limited species of western reason? In our colloquia at Boston University, over the past fourteen years, we have been probing and testing the scope of philosophy of science.

Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences. Edited by Robert S. Cohen and Marx W. Wartofsky

Author : Marx W. Wartofsky (Ed)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences. Edited by Robert S. Cohen and Marx W. Wartofsky by : Marx W. Wartofsky (Ed)

Download or read book Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences. Edited by Robert S. Cohen and Marx W. Wartofsky written by Marx W. Wartofsky (Ed) and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science, Politics and Social Practice

Author : Robert Sonné Cohen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792329893
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (298 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Politics and Social Practice by : Robert Sonné Cohen

Download or read book Science, Politics and Social Practice written by Robert Sonné Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1995-02-28 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In three volumes, a distinguished group of scholars from a variety of disciplines in the natural and social sciences, the humanities and the arts contribute essays in honor of Robert S. Cohen, on the occasion of his 70th birthday. The range of the essays, as well as their originality, and their critical and historical depth, pay tribute to the extraordinary scope of Professor Cohen's intellectual interests, as a scientist-philosopher and a humanist, and also to his engagement in the world of social and political practice. In Science, Politics and Social Practice, (Volume II of Essays in Honor of Robert S. Cohen), an international group of scholars -- philosophers, sociologists, historians, and political scientists -- discuss issues at the cutting edge of contemporary social and political thought, and its bearing on science. Several essays discuss the relations of Marxism to science, and specifically, to the philosophies of science of Carnap and Popper, as well as Soviet Marxism, and the effects of Stalinism on Soviet science. There are also essays on the philosophy and methodology of the social sciences, on questions of method and aim in historical narrative, on the issue of cultural relativism, and more.

Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences

Author : Robert S. Cohen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences by : Robert S. Cohen

Download or read book Methodological and Historical Essays in the Natural and Social Sciences written by Robert S. Cohen and published by . This book was released on with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

METHODOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS IN THE NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ; R.S. Cohen and Marx W. Wartofsky

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis METHODOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS IN THE NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ; R.S. Cohen and Marx W. Wartofsky by :

Download or read book METHODOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ESSAYS IN THE NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ; R.S. Cohen and Marx W. Wartofsky written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific Discovery: Case Studies

Author : Thomas Nickles
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400990154
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Discovery: Case Studies by : Thomas Nickles

Download or read book Scientific Discovery: Case Studies written by Thomas Nickles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of science is articulated by moments of discovery. Yet, these 'moments' are not simple or isolated events in science. Just as a scientific discovery illuminates our understanding of nature or of society, and reveals new connections among phenomena, so too does the history of scientific activity and the analysis of scientific reasoning illuminate the processes which give rise to moments of discovery and the complex network of consequences which follow upon such moments. Understanding discovery has not been, until recently, a major concern of modem philosophy of science. Whether the act of discoyery was regarded as mysterious and inexplicable, or obvious and in no need of explanation, modem philosophy of science in effect bracketed the question. It concentrated instead on the logic of scientific explanation or on the issues of validation or justification of scientific theories or laws. The recent revival of interest in the context of discovery, indeed in the acts of discovery, on the part of philosophers and historians of science, represents no one particular method'ological or philosophical orientation. It proceeds as much from an empiricist and analytical approach as from a sociological or historical one; from considerations of the logic of science as much as from the alogical or extralogical contexts of scientific tho'¢tt and practice. But, in general, this new interest focuses sharply on the actual historical and contem porary cases of scientific discovery, and on an examination of the act or moment of discovery in situ.

Proceedings of the 1972 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association

Author : Philosophy of Science Association
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789027704092
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 1972 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association by : Philosophy of Science Association

Download or read book Proceedings of the 1972 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association written by Philosophy of Science Association and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1974-09-30 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Autopoiesis and Cognition

Author : H.R. Maturana
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400989474
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Autopoiesis and Cognition by : H.R. Maturana

Download or read book Autopoiesis and Cognition written by H.R. Maturana and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a bold, brilliant, provocative and puzzling work. It demands a radical shift in standpoint, an almost paradoxical posture in which living systems are described in terms of what lies outside the domain of descriptions. Professor Humberto Maturana, with his colleague Francisco Varela, have undertaken the construction of a systematic theoretical biology which attempts to define living systems not as they are objects of observation and description, nor even as in teracting systems, but as self-contained unities whose only reference is to them selves. Thus, the standpoint of description of such unities from the 'outside', i. e. , by an observer, already seems to violate the fundamental requirement which Maturana and Varela posit for the characterization of such system- namely, that they are autonomous, self-referring and self-constructing closed systems - in short, autopoietic systems in their terms. Yet, on the basis of such a conceptual method, and such a theory of living systems, Maturana goes on to define cognition as a biological phenomenon; as, in effect, the very nature of all living systems. And on this basis, to generate the very domains of interac tion among such systems which constitute language, description and thinking.

Philosophy of Language

Author : F. Von Kutschera
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401018200
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Language by : F. Von Kutschera

Download or read book Philosophy of Language written by F. Von Kutschera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has arisen out of lectures I gave in recent years at the Uni versities of Munich and Regensburg, and it is intended to serve as a textbook for courses in the Philosophy of Language. In my lectures I was able to presuppose that the students had taken an introductory course in logic. Some knowledge of logic will also be helpful in studying this book - as it is almost everywhere else in philosophy -, especially in Section 3. 2, but it is no prerequisite. I would like to give my sincere thanks to Prof. Terrell for his excellent translation of the book, which is based on the second, revised and en larged German edition. Regensburg, May 1975 FRANZ VON KUTSCHERA INTRODUCTION Language has become one of philosophy's most important and pressing themes during this century. This preoccupation with language has its ori gins in the most diverse areas of philosophical inquiry.

Prelude to Galileo

Author : W. A. Wallace
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400984049
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Prelude to Galileo by : W. A. Wallace

Download or read book Prelude to Galileo written by W. A. Wallace and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can it be true that Galilean studies will be without end, without conclusion, that each interpreter will find his own Galileo? William A. Wallace seems to have a historical grasp which will have to be matched by any further workers: he sees directly into Galileo's primary epoch of intellectual formation, the sixteenth century. In this volume, Wallace provides the companion to his splendid annotated translation of Galileo 's Early Notebooks: The Physical Questions (University of Notre Dame Press, 1977), pointing to the 'realist' sources, mainly unearthed by the author himself during the past two decades. Explicit controversy arises, for the issues are serious: nominalism and realism, two early rivals for the foundation of knowledge, contend at the birth of modem science, OI better yet, contend in our modem efforts to understand that birth. Related to this, continuity and discontinuity, so opposed to each other, are interwoven in the interpretive writings ever since those striking works of Duhem in the first years of this century, and the later studies of Annaliese Maier, Alexandre Koyre and E. A. Moody. Historio grapher as well as philosopher, WaUace has critically supported the continuity of scientific development without abandoning the revolutionary transforma tive achievement of Galileo's labors. That continuity had its contemporary as well as developmental quality; and we note that William Wallace's Prelude studies are complementary to Maurice A.

Experiment, Theory, Practice

Author : P.L. Kapitza
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400989776
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiment, Theory, Practice by : P.L. Kapitza

Download or read book Experiment, Theory, Practice written by P.L. Kapitza and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In tbis splendid collection of the articles and addresses of P. L. Kapitza, the author remarks on the insight of the 18th century Ukrainian philosopher Skovoroda who wrote: "We must be grateful to God that He created the world in such a way that everytbing simple is true, and everything compli cated is untrue. " At another place, Kapitza meditates on the roles played by instinct, imagination, audacity, experiment, and hard work in the develop ment of science, and for a moment seems to despair at understanding the dogged arguments of great scientists: "Einstein loved to refer to God when there was no more sensible argument!" With Academician Kapitza, there are reasoned arguments, plausible alter natives, humor and humane discipline, energy and patience, a skill for the practical, and transcendent clarity about what is at issue in theoretical practice as in engineering necessities. Kapitza has been physicist, engineer, research manager, teacher, humanist, and tbis book demonstrates that he is a wise interpreter of historical, philosophical, and social realities. He is also, in C. P. Snow's words, strong, brave, and good (Variety of Men, N. Y. 1966, p. 19). In this preface, we shall point to themes from Kapitza's interpretations of science and life. On scientific work. Good work is never done with someone else's hands. The separation of theory from experience, from experimental work, and from practice, above all harms theory itself.

Approaches to Organic Form

Author : F.R. Burwick
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400939175
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Approaches to Organic Form by : F.R. Burwick

Download or read book Approaches to Organic Form written by F.R. Burwick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frederick Burwick's modest but comprehensive and insightful intro duction is preface enough to these sensible essays in the history and philosophical criticism of ideas. If we want to understand how some in quiring and intelligent thinkers sought to go beyond mechanism and vitalism, we will find Burwick's labors of assembling others and reflect ing on his own part to be as stimulating as anywhere to be found. And yet his initial cautious remark is right: 'approaches', not 'attainments'. The problems associated with clarifying 'matter' and 'form' are still beyond any consensus as to their solution. Even more do we recognize the many forms and meanings of 'form', and this is so even for 'organic form'. That wise scientist-philosopher-engineer Lancelot Law Whyte struggled in a place neighboring to Burwick's, and his essay of thirty years ago might be a scientist's preface to Burwick and his colleagues: see Whyte'S Accent on Form (N. Y., Harper, 1954) and his Symposium of 1951 Aspects of Form (London, Percy Lund Humphries 1951; and Indiana University Press 1961), itself arranged in honor of D' Arcy Thompson's classical monograph On Growth and Form. Philosophy and history of science must deal with these issues, and with the mixture of hard-headedness and imagination that they de mand.

The Comparative Reception of Relativity

Author : T.F Glick
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400938756
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Comparative Reception of Relativity by : T.F Glick

Download or read book The Comparative Reception of Relativity written by T.F Glick and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume grew out of a double session of the Boston Collo quium for the Philosophy of Science held in Boston on March 25, 1983. The papers presented there (by Biezunski, Glick, Goldberg, and Judith Goodstein!) offered both sufficient comparability to establish regulari ties in the reception of relativity and Einstein's impact in France, Spain, the United States and Italy, and sufficient contrast to suggest the salience of national inflections in the process. The interaction among the participants and the added perspectives offered by members of the audience suggested the interest of commissioning articles for a more inclusive volume which would cover as many national cases as we could muster. Only general guidelines were given to the authors: to treat the special or general theories, or both, hopefully in a multidisciplinary setting, to examine the popular reception of relativity, or Einstein's personal impact, or to survey all these topics. In a previous volume, on the 2 comparative reception of Darwinism, one of us devised a detailed set of guidelines which in general were not followed. In our opinion, the studies in this collection offer greater comparability, no doubt because relativity by its nature and its complexity offers a sharper, more easily bounded target. As in the Darwinism volume, this book concludes with an essay intended to draw together in comparative perspective some of many themes addressed by the participants.

Thinking about Society: Theory and Practice

Author : Ian Jarvie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400954247
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking about Society: Theory and Practice by : Ian Jarvie

Download or read book Thinking about Society: Theory and Practice written by Ian Jarvie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. C. Jarvie was trained as a social anthropologist in the center of British social anthropology - the London School of Economics, where Bronislaw Malinowski was the object of ancestor worship. Jarvie's doctorate was in philosophy, however, under the guidance of Karl Popper and John Watkins. He changed his department not as a defector but as a rebel, attempting to exorcize the ancestral spirit. He criticized the method of participant obser vation not as useless but as not comprehensive: it is neither necessary nor sufficient for the making of certain contributions to anthropology; rather, it all depends on the problem-situation. And so Jarvie remained an anthro pologist at heart, who, in addition to some studies in rather conventional anthropological or sociological molds, also studied the tribe of social scien tists, but also critically examining their problems - especially their overall, rather philosophical problems, but not always so: a few of the studies in cluded in this volume exemplify his work on specific issues, whether of technology, or architecture, or nationalism in the academy, or moviemaking, or even movies exhibiting excessive sex and violence. These studies attract his attention both on account of their own merit and on account of their need for new and powerful research tools, such as those which he has forged in his own intellectual workshop over the last two decades.

Problems of Semantics

Author : L. Tondl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400983646
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Problems of Semantics by : L. Tondl

Download or read book Problems of Semantics written by L. Tondl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ladislav Tondl's insightful investigations into the language of the sciences bear directly upon some decisive points of confrontation in modern philos ophy of science and of language itself. In the decade since his Scientific Procedures was published in English (Boston Studies 11), Dr Tondl has enlarged his original monograph of 1966 on the promise, problems and achievements of modern semantics: the main topic of his later work has been semantic information theory. A Russian translation, considerably expanded as a second edition, was published in 1975 (Moscow, Progress Publishers) with an appreciative critical commentary, in the form of a conclusion, by Professor Avenir I. Uemov of Odessa. Indeed many Soviet studies in the problems of the semantics of science show the same sort of philosophical curiosity about the relationship of meanings in scientific language to pro cedures in scientific epistemology that characterizes Tondl's work, as in the work of Mirislav Popovich (Kiev) and Vadirn Sadovsky (Moscow) and their colleagues. But we know that interest in these matters is world-wide, ranging from such classical topics as sense and denotation, empiricist reduction, vagueness and denotational opacity, to the new and equally exciting topics of the semantics of non-unique preference choices, the nuances of informational synonymity, and the semantics of a picture shape (so briefly but beautifully sketched in Tondl's dense and promising last chapter). We are pleased to have had Tondl's kind cooperation in producing this English edition, actually a third edition, of his research about semantics.

Reason and the Search for Knowledge

Author : D. Shapere
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401097313
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Reason and the Search for Knowledge by : D. Shapere

Download or read book Reason and the Search for Knowledge written by D. Shapere and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An impressive characteristic of Dudley Shapere's studies in the philosophy of the sciences has been his dogged reasonableness. He sorts things out, with logical care and mastery of the materials, and with an epistemological curiosity for the historical happenings which is both critical and respectful. Science changes, and the philosopher had better not link philosophical standards too tightly to either the latest orthodox or the provocative up start in scientific fashions; and yet, as critic, the philosopher must not only master the sciences but also explicate their meanings, not those of a cognitive never-never land. Neither dreamer nor pedant, Professor Shapere has been able to practice the modern empiricist's exercises with the sober and stimulat ing results shown in this volume: he sees that he can be faithful to philosoph ical analysis, engage in the boldest 'rational reconstruction' of theories and experimental measurements, and faithful too, empirically faithful we may say, to both the direct super-highways and the winding pathways of conceptual evolutions and metaphysical revolutions. Not least, Shapere listens! To Einstein and Calileo of course, but to the workings of the engineers and the scientific apprentices too, and to the various philosophers, now and of old, who have also worked to make sense of what has been learned and how that has happened and where we might go wrong.

Galileo and the Art of Reasoning

Author : M.A. Finocchiaro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400990170
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Galileo and the Art of Reasoning by : M.A. Finocchiaro

Download or read book Galileo and the Art of Reasoning written by M.A. Finocchiaro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work of Galileo has long been important not only as a foundation of modern physics but also as a model - and perhaps the paradigmatic model - of scientific method, and therefore as a leading example of scientific rationality. However, as we know, the matter is not so simple. The range of Galileo readings is so varied that one may be led to the conclusion that it is a case of chacun a son Galileo; that here, as with the Bible, or Plato or Kant or Freud or Finnegan's Wake, the texts themselves underdetermine just what moral is to be pointed. But if there is no canonical reading, how can the texts be taken as evidence or example of a canonical view of scientific rationality, as in Galileo? Or is it the case, instead, that we decide a priori what the norms of rationality are and then pick through texts to fmd those which satisfy these norms? Specifically, how and on what grounds are we to accept or reject scientific theories, or scientific reasoning? If we are to do this on the basis of historical analysis of how, in fact, theories came to be accepted or rejected, how shall we distinguish 'is' from 'ought'? What follows (if anything does) from such analysis or reconstruction about how theories ought to be accepted or rejected? Maurice Finocchiaro's study of Galileo brings an important and original approach to the question of scientific rationality by way of a systematic read