Metal Oxide Nanomaterials For Solar Energy To Hydrogen Fuel Conversion

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Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Solar Energy to Hydrogen Fuel Conversion

Author : Erwin Murillo Sabio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267239549
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Solar Energy to Hydrogen Fuel Conversion by : Erwin Murillo Sabio

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Solar Energy to Hydrogen Fuel Conversion written by Erwin Murillo Sabio and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoactive metal oxide nanomaterials enable full or partial water splitting by reducing water to hydrogen and oxidizing water into oxygen through transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes, respectively, upon absorption of light of certain frequencies. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) is one of the useful instruments to study these materials through observation of their atomic structures using high resolution imaging and through chemical analyses using complementary analytical techniques. Combinations of z-contrast imaging, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to elucidate the structures of IrO2, H2Ti4O9, H2K2Nb6O1-- and WO3 photocatalysts. STEM techniques were also employed to observe the reduction of V2O5 nanoribbons into photoactive VO2 and to monitor the effect of sonication on the size and crystallinity of TBACa2Nb3O10 (TBA = tetrabutylammonium) nano sheets. Aberration-corrected STEM equipped with a fluid stage was utilized to examine water catalysis by TBACa2Nb3O10 in situ under the electron beam. Phenomena associated with calcium niobate catalysis such as photodeposition of Pt and IrO2 co-catalysts and the surface poisoning with Ag particles during water oxidation were observed in real time. Formation of gas bubbles during water reduction was also detected as it occurs using dark field imaging and EELS. Electron microscopy was also employed to probe charge separation and distribution of redox-active sites on photolabeled TBACa2Nb3O10. The sizes, shapes, and particle densities vary with the precursor concentration and the presence of sacrificial agents. Photogenerated electrons and holes were shown to be accessible throughout the nanosheets, without evidence for spatial charge separation across the sheet. To measure the relative catalytic activities of multiple photocatalysts, a comparative quantum efficiency (QE) study was carried out on the H2Ti4O9 nanobelts, H2K2Nb6O1-- nanoscrolls, PA2K2Nb6O1-- (PA = propylammonium) and TBACa2Nb3O10 nanosheets, and their platinated counterparts. Hydrogen and oxygen evolved upon irradiation with a Xe lamp were measured using gas chromatography (GC). The QEs of these catalysts were found to be dependent on the quasi-Fermi levels (QFLs) and the mobility of the charge carriers as measured by surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPV). A similar photocatalytic study was employed to measure the effects of exfoliation, sacrificial charge donors, presence of co-catalysts, and co-catalyst deposition conditions on the TBACa2Nb3O10 nanosheets. Factorial analysis on the hydrogen and oxygen evolution results showed the degree of dependence of catalytic activity on these factors. High resolution STEM and cyclic voltammetry showed the structural and electronic features of the nanosheets that give rise to the observed effects of the factors studied.

Inorganic Metal Oxide Nanocrystal Photocatalysts for Solar Fuel Generation from Water

Author : Troy K. Townsend
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 331905242X
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Inorganic Metal Oxide Nanocrystal Photocatalysts for Solar Fuel Generation from Water by : Troy K. Townsend

Download or read book Inorganic Metal Oxide Nanocrystal Photocatalysts for Solar Fuel Generation from Water written by Troy K. Townsend and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-19 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Troy Townsend's thesis explores the structure, energetics and activity of three inorganic nanocrystal photocatalysts. The goal of this work is to investigate the potential of metal oxide nanocrystals for application in photocatalytic water splitting, which could one day provide us with clean hydrogen fuel derived from water and solar energy. Specifically, Townsend's work addresses the effects of co-catalyst addition to niobium oxide nanotubes for photocatalytic water reduction to hydrogen, and the first use of iron oxide 'rust' in nanocrystal suspensions for oxygen production. In addition, Townsend studies a nickel/oxide-strontium titanate nanocomposite which can be described as one of only four nanoscale water splitting photocatalysts. He also examines the charge transport for this system. Overall, this collection of studies brings relevance to the design of inorganic nanomaterials for photocatalytic water splitting while introducing new directions for solar energy conversion.

Multifunctional Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices

Author : Vijay B. Pawade
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000073203
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Multifunctional Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices by : Vijay B. Pawade

Download or read book Multifunctional Nanostructured Metal Oxides for Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices written by Vijay B. Pawade and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal oxide nanoparticles exhibit potential applications in energy and environmental fields, such as solar cells, fuel cells, hydrogen energy, and energy storage devices. This book covers all points from synthesis, properties, and applications of transition metal oxide nanoparticle materials in energy storage and conversion devices. Aimed at graduate-level students and researchers associated with the energy and environment sector, this book addresses the application of nontoxic and environmentally friendly metal oxide materials for a clean environment and deals with synthesis properties and application metal oxides materials for energy conversion, energy storage, and hydrogen generation.

Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion

Author : Fan Li
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662563649
Total Pages : 593 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion by : Fan Li

Download or read book Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion written by Fan Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy crisis and pollution have posed significant risks to the environment, transportation, and economy over the last century. Thus, green energy becomes one of the critical global technologies and the use of nanomaterials in these technologies is an important and active research area. This book series presents the progress and opportunities in green energy sustainability. Developments in nanoscaled electrocatalysts, solid oxide and proton exchange membrane fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, and photovoltaic techniques comprise the area of energy storage and conversion. Developments in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and hydrogen (H2) storage using tunable structured materials are discussed. Design and characterization of new nanoscaled materials with controllable particle size, structure, shape, porosity and band gap to enhance next generation energy systems are also included. The technical topics covered in this series are metal organic frameworks, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalysts, solid oxide fuel cell electrode design, trapping of carbon dioxide, and hydrogen gas storage.

Investigation of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Conversion

Author : Mollie Rose Waller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781267663276
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (632 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Conversion by : Mollie Rose Waller

Download or read book Investigation of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials for Solar Energy Conversion written by Mollie Rose Waller and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Power harnessed from the sun has the capacity to meet the energy demands of the entire planet. Here we present research in the areas of solar energy conversion accomplished by photochemical water splitting, to produce renewable chemical fuels, and by photovoltaics, to generate electrical power. The entire discussion takes place within the context of nanochemistry. Investigation of the novel properties developed by materials when they become very small offers us new insight into the field of chemistry and provides us with unique ways of improving existing solar energy conversion technologies. Nanocrystalline tungsten trioxide, nano-WO3, is presented as a new photocatalyst for water oxidation in the presence of a sacrificial electron acceptor. The monoclinic structure of the nanomaterial is analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Optical spectroscopy data is consistent with quantum confinement in nano-WO3. Comparison of the nanomaterial with the bulk phase, via surface photovoltage spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis, demonstrates that the principle photochemical and photophysical properties of tungsten trioxide are conserved upon nanoscaling. These results indicate that nano-WO3 has potential as a functional replacement for bulk WO3 in applications incorporating nanomaterials, such as ultrathin solar cells. The effects of nanosheet size and defect concentration are investigated for the known photocatalyst calcium niobate, TBA[Ca2Nb3O10]. The dimensions of the nanosheets, and the edge defect concentration, are controlled by ultrasonication and analyzed by optical and vibrational spectroscopy and high-resolution electron microscopy. The rate of photochemical hydrogen evolution from water, in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor, is shown to decrease linearly with sheet size. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy indicates a correlation between nanosheet size and charge carrier concentration that is consistent with photocatalytic activity being limited by charge recombination in edge defect sites. TBA[Ca2Nb3O10] nanosheets have previously been shown to photocatalytically split water into hydrogen and surface-bound peroxides. Peroxide formation is a result of incomplete water oxidation and eventually leads to deactivation of the catalyst. We present here the functionalization of the nanosheets with metal oxide nanoparticles as potential water oxidation co-catalysts, in an attempt to promote complete water splitting. The functionalized materials are well characterized using electron microscopy and optical, infrared, and Raman spectroscopies. However, a reduction in photocatalytic activity is observed following functionalization that can be explained in terms of competitive light absorption, electron-hole recombination, and electron trapping within the metal oxides. Finally, we present studies performed during the development of a one-pot synthesis for titanium dioxide nanospheres coated with silver shells (Ag@TiO2). Nanoscale silver demonstrates surface plasmon resonance (SPR) upon light absorption, and the incorporation of SPR exhibiting core–shell particles is reported to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Here we use photogenerated electrons within TiO2 to reduce silver onto the material surface as nanoseeds. The effects of silver concentration, reaction temperature, and photodeposition time on seed morphology and dispersion are presented, following analysis by electron microscopy. An electroless plating method utilizing acetaldehyde to chemically reduce additional silver is explored as a technique for shell formation following surface seeding. However, optical spectroscopy data indicates that seeds continue discrete growth, rather than merging into a shell. Ultimately, consistent silver seeding could not be achieved and shell formation was unsuccessful. The results of these studies are consistent with the conclusion that silver nucleation is limited by the photogeneration of electrons in TiO2, active site chemistry, and the inherent weakness of the Ag-TiO2 interaction.

Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Volume 1

Author : Putla Sudarsanam
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111977201X
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Volume 1 by : Putla Sudarsanam

Download or read book Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Volume 1 written by Putla Sudarsanam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential companion for catalysis researchers and professionals studying economically viable and eco-friendly catalytic strategies for energy conversion In the two-volume Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a comprehensive discussion of fundamental concepts in, and practical applications of, heterogeneous nanocatalysis for alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection. The volumes cover the design and catalytic performance of various nanocatalysts, including nanosized metals and metal oxides, supported metal nanoparticles, inverse oxide-metal nanocatalysts, core-shell nanocatalysts, nanoporous zeolites, nanocarbon composites, and metal oxides in confined spaces. Each chapter contains a critical discussion of the opportunities and challenges posed by the use of nanosized catalysts for practical applications. Volume 1 – Energy Applications focuses on the conversion of renewable energy (biomass/solar) into green fuels and chemicals, ammonia synthesis, clean hydrogen production, and electrochemical energy conversion processes using a variety of nanosized catalysts. It also offers: A thorough introduction to heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, as well as a discussion of catalytic active sites at nano-scale range Comprehensive explorations of the methods for control and activation of nanosized catalysts Practical discussions of C3N4-based nanohybrid catalysts for solar hydrogen production via water splitting Nanosized catalysts in visible light photocatalysis for sustainable organic synthesis Applications of MXenes in electrocatalysis Perfect for researchers, postgraduate students, chemists, and engineers interested in heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection.

Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Volume 1

Author : Putla Sudarsanam
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119771994
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Volume 1 by : Putla Sudarsanam

Download or read book Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Volume 1 written by Putla Sudarsanam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-01-04 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential companion for catalysis researchers and professionals studying economically viable and eco-friendly catalytic strategies for energy conversion In the two-volume Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a comprehensive discussion of fundamental concepts in, and practical applications of, heterogeneous nanocatalysis for alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection. The volumes cover the design and catalytic performance of various nanocatalysts, including nanosized metals and metal oxides, supported metal nanoparticles, inverse oxide-metal nanocatalysts, core-shell nanocatalysts, nanoporous zeolites, nanocarbon composites, and metal oxides in confined spaces. Each chapter contains a critical discussion of the opportunities and challenges posed by the use of nanosized catalysts for practical applications. Volume 1 – Energy Applications focuses on the conversion of renewable energy (biomass/solar) into green fuels and chemicals, ammonia synthesis, clean hydrogen production, and electrochemical energy conversion processes using a variety of nanosized catalysts. It also offers: A thorough introduction to heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, as well as a discussion of catalytic active sites at nano-scale range Comprehensive explorations of the methods for control and activation of nanosized catalysts Practical discussions of C3N4-based nanohybrid catalysts for solar hydrogen production via water splitting Nanosized catalysts in visible light photocatalysis for sustainable organic synthesis Applications of MXenes in electrocatalysis Perfect for researchers, postgraduate students, chemists, and engineers interested in heterogeneous catalysis and nanocatalysis, Heterogeneous Nanocatalysis for Energy and Environmental Sustainability will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals working in alternative energy production, biomass conversion, solar energy, green fuels, H2 production, fuel cells, electrochemical energy conversion processes, CO2 conversion, clean water, and environmental protection.

Oxide Free Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications

Author : Prabhakarn Arunachalam
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128242248
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Oxide Free Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications by : Prabhakarn Arunachalam

Download or read book Oxide Free Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications written by Prabhakarn Arunachalam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxide Free Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion Applications covers in depth topics on non-oxide nanomaterials involving transition metal nitrides, carbides, selenides, phosphides, oxynitrides based electrodes, & other non-oxide groups. The current application of nanostructured nonoxides involves their major usage in energy storage and conversion devices variety of applications such as supercapacitor, batteries, dye-sensitized solar cells and hydrogen production applications. The current application of energy storage devices involves their usage of nanostructured non-oxide materials with improved energy and power densities. In this book readers will discover the major advancements in this field during the past decades. The various techniques used to prepare environmentally friendly nanostructured non-oxide materials, their structural and morphological characterization, their improved mechanical and material properties, and finally, current applications and future impacts of these materials are discussed. While planning and fabricating non-oxide materials, the readers must be concern over that they ought to be abundant, cost-efficient and environment-friendly for clean innovation and conceivably be of use in an expansive choice of utilization. The book gives detailed literature on the development of nanostructured non-oxides, their use as energy related devices and their present trend in the industry and market. This book also emphasis on the latest advancement about application of these noble non-oxide based materials for photocatalytic water-splitting. Recent progress on various kinds of both photocatalytic and electrocatalytic nanomaterials is reviewed, and essential aspects which govern catalytic behaviours and the corresponding stability are discussed. The book will give an updated literature on the synthesis, potential applications and future of nanostructured non-oxides in energy related applications. This book is highly useful to researchers working in the field with diversified backgrounds are expected to making the chapter truly interdisciplinary in nature. The contents in the book will emphasize the recent advances in interdisciplinary research on processing, morphology, structure and properties of nanostructured non-materials and their applications in energy applications such as supercapacitors, batteries, solar cells, electrochemical water splitting and other energy applications. Thus, nanotechnology researchers, scientists and experts need to have update of the growing trends and applications in the field of science and technology. Further, the postgraduate students, scientists, researchers and technologists are need to buy this book. Offers a comprehensive coverage of the nanostructured non-oxide materials and their potential energy applications Examines the properties of nanostructured non-oxide materials that make them so adaptable Explores the mechanisms by which nanoparticles interact with each other, showing how these can be used for industrial applications Shows the how nanostructured non-oxide materials are used in a wide range of industry sectors, containing energy production and storage

Metal, Metal-Oxides and Metal Sulfides for Batteries, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, Photocatalysis and Health Sensors

Author : Saravanan Rajendran
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030637913
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Metal, Metal-Oxides and Metal Sulfides for Batteries, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, Photocatalysis and Health Sensors by : Saravanan Rajendran

Download or read book Metal, Metal-Oxides and Metal Sulfides for Batteries, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, Photocatalysis and Health Sensors written by Saravanan Rajendran and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes recent findings on the use of new nanostructured materials for biofuels, batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, supercapacitors and health biosensors. Chapters describe principles and how to choose a nanomaterial for specific applications in energy, environment and medicine.

Solar Hydrogen Generation: Transition Metal Oxides in Water Photoelectrolysis

Author : Jinghua Guo
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071701273
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Hydrogen Generation: Transition Metal Oxides in Water Photoelectrolysis by : Jinghua Guo

Download or read book Solar Hydrogen Generation: Transition Metal Oxides in Water Photoelectrolysis written by Jinghua Guo and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State-of-the-art renewable energy science research and applications Solar Hydrogen Generation: Transition Metal Oxides in Water Photoelectrolysis provides expert techniques for extracting hydrogen from water using transition metal oxides as catalysts. The basic processes of electrochemistry and photocatalysis for hydrogen production are described along with photocatalytic reactions and semiconductor photocatalysts, particularly metal oxides. This in-depth guide illustrates the corresponding crystal structure vs. electronic structure and optical properties vs. light absorption of transition metal oxides. Impurity and doped photocatalysts, integrated organic and inorganic systems, surface and interface chemistry, and nanostructure and morphology in photocatalysis applications are all addressed. This comprehensive resource introduces soft x-ray absorption (XAS), soft x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), and resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS), followed by a description of instrumentation. COVERAGE INCLUDES: * Hydrogen generation: electrochemistry and photoelectrolysis * Photocatalytic reactions, oxidation, and reduction * Transition metal oxides * Crystal structure and electronic structure * Optical properties and light absorption * Impurity, dopants, and defects * Surface and morphology * Soft x-ray spectroscopy and electronic structure

Conversion of Water and CO2 to Fuels using Solar Energy

Author : Oomman K. Varghese
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119600898
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Conversion of Water and CO2 to Fuels using Solar Energy by : Oomman K. Varghese

Download or read book Conversion of Water and CO2 to Fuels using Solar Energy written by Oomman K. Varghese and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conversion of Water and CO2 to Fuels usingSolar Energy Comprehensive Resource for Understanding the Emerging Solar Technologies for Hydrogen Generation via Water Splitting and Carbon-based Fuel Production via CO2 Recycling Fossil fuel burning is the primary source of carbon in the atmosphere. The realization that such burning can harm the life on our planet, has led to a surge in research activities that focus on the development of alternative strategies for energy conversion. Fuel generation using solar energy is one of the most promising approaches that has received widespread attention. The fuels produced using sunlight are commonly referred to as “solar fuels.” This book provides researchers interested in solar fuel generation a comprehensive understanding of the emerging solar technologies for hydrogen generation via water splitting and carbon-based fuel production via CO2 recycling. The book presents the fundamental science, technologies, techno-economic analysis, and most importantly, the materials that are being explored to establish artificial methods of fuel production using solar energy. For the rapid advancement of the field, it is necessary for researchers, particularly for those who are new to the field, to have clear knowledge of various materials studied so far and their performance. For this reason, almost half of the book is dedicated to the discussions on materials and properties. Key topics discussed in the book include: Photocatalytic/photoelectrochemical processes that use semiconductor photocatalysts, including both ceramic and non-ceramic materials Photovoltaic assisted electrochemical processes Solar thermochemical processes Molecular photosynthesis Researchers and professionals in the fields of energy and materials and closely related science and engineering disciplines could use this book to aquire clear insights on both mainstream solar fuel technologies and those in the developmental stages.

Nanotechnology Safety

Author : Ramazan Asmatulu
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128083158
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanotechnology Safety by : Ramazan Asmatulu

Download or read book Nanotechnology Safety written by Ramazan Asmatulu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonrenewable sources of energy have been rapidly growing in recent years and research emphasis has been directed to the utilization of renewable energy sources for a cleaner and healthier environment. For over two decades, researchers have investigated many possibilities in terms of renewable energies to generate sustainable energy. Solar cells, fuel cells, photoelectrolysis, supercapacitors, batteries, and wind turbines have the potential to be efficient methods to directly convert one state of energy into another one. In these new energy systems, various types of nanotechnology and their products have been utilized to increase the efficiencies of these energy systems. However, these new developments also bring many uncertainties and risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, the future of nanotechnology depends mainly on public acceptance of the risks associated with the use of nanomaterials and their benefits. Risk assessment of nanomaterials is mainly the basis of formulating guidelines of protecting human health and the environment. This chapter provides information on the current state of nanomaterials used by the energy industry and offers suggestions for continuing our path toward sustainable development in the energy field.

Metal Oxide–Based Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation and Safety

Author : Rayees Ahmad Zargar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000904946
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Metal Oxide–Based Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation and Safety by : Rayees Ahmad Zargar

Download or read book Metal Oxide–Based Carbon Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation and Safety written by Rayees Ahmad Zargar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-07-17 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on nanotechnology for the preparation of metal oxide–based carbon nanocomposite materials for environmental remediation. It analyses the use of nanomaterials for water, soil, and air solutions, emphasizing the environmental risks of pollution. It further explores how magnetic and activated carbon nanomaterials are being used for a sustainable environmental protection of water and soil, and detection of harmful gases. The status and major challenges of using carbon-based nanomaterials on a large scale are explained, supported by relevant case studies. Features: Exhaustively covers nanotechnology, metal oxide–carbon nanocomposites and their application in soil, water, and air treatments Explores pollutants nano-sensing and their remediation towards environmental safety Includes economics analysis and environmental aspects of metal oxide materials Describes why properties of oxide carbon–based nanomaterials are useful for environmental applications Discusses current case studies of remediation technologies This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in nanotechnology, environmental technology, and remediation.

Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion

Author : Tulay Aygan Atesin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 366259594X
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion by : Tulay Aygan Atesin

Download or read book Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion written by Tulay Aygan Atesin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion: Photovoltaic and Solar Energy, is volume 4 of a 4-volume series on sustainable energy. Photovoltaic and Solar Energy while being a comprehensive reference work, is written with minimal jargon related to various aspects of solar energy and energy policies. It is authored by leading experts in the field, and lays out theory, practice, and simulation studies related to solar energy and allied applications including policy, economic and technological challenges. Topics covered include: introduction to solar energy, fundamentals of solar radiation, heat transfer, thermal collection and conversion, solar economy, heating, cooling, dehumidification systems, power and process heat, solar power conversion, policy and applications pertinent to solar energy as viable alternatives to fossil fuels. The aim of the book is to present all the information necessary for the design and analysis of solar energy systems for engineers, material scientists, economics, policy analysts, graduate students, senior undergraduates, solar energy practitioner, as well as policy or lawmakers in the field of energy policy, international energy trade, and libraries which house technical handbooks related to energy, energy policy and applications.

On the Design of Oxide Films, Nanomaterials, and Heterostructures for Solar Water Oxidation Photoanodes

Author : Coleman Kronawitter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (858 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Design of Oxide Films, Nanomaterials, and Heterostructures for Solar Water Oxidation Photoanodes by : Coleman Kronawitter

Download or read book On the Design of Oxide Films, Nanomaterials, and Heterostructures for Solar Water Oxidation Photoanodes written by Coleman Kronawitter and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photoelectrochemistry and its associated technologies show unique potential to facilitate the large-scale production of solar fuels - those energy-rich chemicals obtained through conversion processes driven by solar energy, mimicking the photosynthetic process of green plants. The critical component of photoelectrochemical devices designed for this purpose is the semiconductor photoelectrode, which must be optically absorptive, chemically stable, and possess the required electronic band alignment with respect to the redox couple of the electrolyte to drive the relevant electrochemical reactions. After many decades of investigation, the primary technological obstacle remains the development of photoelectrode structures capable of efficient and stable conversion of light with visible frequencies, which is abundant in the solar spectrum. Metal oxides represent one of the few material classes that can be made photoactive and remain stable to perform the required functions. The unique range of functional properties of oxides, and especially the oxides of transition metals, relates to their associated diversity of cation oxidation states, cation electronic configurations, and crystal structures. In this dissertation, the use of metal oxide films, nanomaterials, and heterostructures in photoelectrodes enabling the solar-driven oxidation of water and generation of hydrogen fuel is examined. A range of transition- and post-transition-metal oxide material systems and nanoscale architectures is presented. The first chapters present results related to electrodes based on alpha-phase iron(III) oxide, a promising visible-light-active material widely investigated for this application. Studies of porous films fabricated by physical vapor deposition reveal the importance of structural quality, as determined by the deposition substrate temperature, on photoelectrochemical performance. Heterostructures with nanoscale feature dimensionality are explored and reviewed in a later chapter, which describes the methodologies to combine the unique and complimentary functional properties of dissimilar oxides to optimize the water photo-oxidation process Experimental results based on an iron(III) oxide-tungsten(VI) oxide system show enhancements associated with the heterostructure, which may indicate the presence of unexpected minority carrier dynamics, as observed additionally by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Next, a new conceptual framework for the design of solar water oxidation photoelectrodes based on the spatially inhomogeneous doping of wide-bandgap metal oxide nanostructures is introduced and experimentally verified. It is found that optical absorption and electronic conduction can be decoupled and optimized by spatially segregating the functional impurity species that facilitate their associated physical processes. In the final chapters of this dissertation the electronic structures of key oxide-oxide interfaces, relevant to the operation of efficient photoanodes, are examined using synchrotron-based soft x-ray spectroscopy. These studies indicate that the interfacial regions of electrodes possess distinct electronic structures, which deviate in terms of orbital character and occupancy from those of their constituent bulk oxides. These observations inform methodology to address certain operational deficiencies associated with the use of metal oxides for solar energy conversion applications.

Light, Water, Hydrogen

Author : CRAIG GRIMES
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387682384
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (876 download)

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Book Synopsis Light, Water, Hydrogen by : CRAIG GRIMES

Download or read book Light, Water, Hydrogen written by CRAIG GRIMES and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the field of solar production of hydrogen by water photo-splitting (photoelectrolysis) using semiconductor photoanodes. The emphasis of the discussion is on the use of nanotechnology in the field. The theories behind photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical processes responsible for hydrogen production are given in detail. This provides a state-of-the-art review of the semiconductor materials and methods used for improving the efficiency of the processes. The book also gives an account of the techniques used for making the nanostructures.

Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Applications

Author : Piyush Kumar Sonkar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000952231
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Applications by : Piyush Kumar Sonkar

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Sustainable Energy Applications written by Piyush Kumar Sonkar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-08-31 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed overview of different devices and nanomaterials for energy storage applications. The application of each nanomaterial is discussed for fuel cells, metal–air batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, regenerative fuel cells, hydrogen energy, batteries, and redox flow batteries to understand the reaction process and material performance improvement for energy storage devices. In addition, major challenges, case studies, historical, and future perspective are summarized. Features: Summarizes state-of-the-art nanomaterials for energy storage and conversion applications Comprehensive coverage of a wide range of nanomaterials, including synthesis and characterization Details different energy storage devices, construction, working principles, and major challenges Covers specific reactions, nanomaterials, and nanocomposites via audio–video slides/short films Includes case studies pertaining to development of energy storage devices and major challenges This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical engineering, chemical sciences, nanomaterials, and energy engineering/conversion.