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Metabolic Activation Of Drugs And Other Xenobiotics In Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Book Synopsis Metabolic Activation of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by : Grace S. N. Lau
Download or read book Metabolic Activation of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma written by Grace S. N. Lau and published by Chinese University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'The metabolic activation of many drugs and xenobiotics in vivo is effected through the large family of cytochrome P450s enzymes that catalyse a diverse spectrum of reactions including the metabolism of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. There is considerable evidence suggesting that changes in P450 activities can affect the in vivo toxicity of drugs in both animals and humans. Oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer, through the formation of toxic intermediates and carcinogenic metabolites are formed from drugs and xenobiotics. A marked overall increase in the metabolic activation of the commonly used analgesic agent, paracetamol, was found in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, as indicated by a much higher percentage recovery of the oxidative metabolites cysteine and mercapturate conjugates, compared to healthy controls and patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. It was through that metabolic activation of some drugs and xenobiotics through the actions of specific cytochrome P450s may be enhanced in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Book Synopsis Detoxication Mechanisms by : Richard Tecwyn Williams
Download or read book Detoxication Mechanisms written by Richard Tecwyn Williams and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics by : Pavel Anzenbacher
Download or read book Metabolism of Drugs and Other Xenobiotics written by Pavel Anzenbacher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practice-oriented desktop reference for medical professionals, toxicologists and pharmaceutical researchers, this handbook provides systematic coverage of the metabolic pathways of all major classes of xenobiotics in the human body. The first part comprehensively reviews the main enzyme systems involved in biotransformation and how they are orchestrated in the body, while parts two to four cover the three main classes of xenobiotics: drugs, natural products, environmental pollutants. The part on drugs includes more than 300 substances from five major therapeutic groups (central nervous system, cardiovascular system, cancer, infection, and pain) as well as most drugs of abuse including nicotine, alcohol and "designer" drugs. Selected, well-documented case studies from the most important xenobiotics classes illustrate general principles of metabolism, making this equally useful for teaching courses on pharmacology, drug metabolism or molecular toxicology. Of particular interest, and unique to this volume is the inclusion of a wide range of additional xenobiotic compounds, including food supplements, herbal preparations, and agrochemicals.
Book Synopsis Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity by : Albert P. Li
Download or read book Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity written by Albert P. Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRANSPORTERS AND DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN DRUG TOXICITY Explore up-to-date coverage on the interaction between drug metabolism enzymes, transporters, and drug toxicity with this leading resources Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity delivers a comprehensive and updated review of the relationship between drug metabolism, transporters, and toxicity, providing insights into a major challenge in drug development – accurate assessment of human drug toxicity. Combining two disciplines frequently considered independently of one another, the book combines drug metabolism and toxicology with a focus on the role of biotransformation on drug toxicity and as a major factor for species and individual differences. Mechanism and species differences in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters are discussed, as are the methods used to investigate the role of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in drug toxicity. Finally, the distinguished authors describe promising new experimental approaches to accurately assessing human drug toxicity via the consideration of human-specific drug metabolism in toxicity assays. In addition to topics as diverse as extended clearance models, experimental approaches for the estimation of DILI potential of drug candidates and roles of transporters in renal drug toxicity, readers will also enjoy the inclusion of such subjects as: A thorough overview of and introduction to drug metabolism and transporters and drug toxicity An exploration of drug metabolism enzymes and transporter activities as risk factors of marketed drugs associated with drug-induced fatalities A discussion of human-based in vitro experimental models for the evaluation of metabolism-dependent drug toxicity A treatment of mechanism-based experimental models for the evaluation of BSEP inhibition and DILI An examination of transporters and cochlea toxicity Perfect for scientists, students, and practitioners with interests in metabolism, toxicology, and drug development in the pharmaceutical industry, Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity will also earn a place in the libraries of medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, biochemists, toxicologists, and regulators in the pharmaceutical and health industries.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune by : National Research Council
Download or read book Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
Download or read book Comprehensive Toxicology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-06-01 with total page 6448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An explosive increase in the knowledge of the effects of chemical and physical agents on biological systems has led to an increased understanding of normal cellular functions and the consequences of their perturbations. The 14-volume Second Edition of Comprehensive Toxicology has been revised and updated to reflect new advances in toxicology research, including content by some of the leading researchers in the field. It remains the premier resource for toxicologists in academia, medicine, and corporations. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition provides a unique organ-systems structure that allows the user to explore the toxic effects of various substances on each human system, aiding in providing diagnoses and proving essential in situations where the toxic substance is unknown but its effects on a system are obvious. Comprehensive Toxicology Second Edition is the most complete and valuable toxicology work available to researchers today. Contents updated and revised to reflect developments in toxicology research Organized with a unique organ-system approach Features full color throughout Available electronically on sciencedirect.com, as well as in a limited-edition print version
Download or read book Drug Metabolism written by Mino R. Caira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-10 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug Metabolism: Current Concepts provides a comprehensive understanding of the processes that take place following ingestion of a medicinal agent or xenobiotic, with an emphasis on the crucial role of metabolism (biotransformation). How a sound knowledge of these phenomena is incorporated into the design of effective new drug candidates is also explained. The user-friendly text focuses on concepts rather than extraneous details and is supported by many illustrated examples of biotransformations as well as frequent references to current critical reviews and articles highlighting the nature of research objectives in this vibrant area of medicinal development. The final topic on strategies for drug design relies on the background provided by the rest of the book. This book is ideally suited as an advanced text for courses in drug metabolism for students of medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology, biochemistry; and for courses in drug design and drug delivery for students of medicinal chemistry. It is also appropriate for professional seminars or courses that relate to the fate of a drug in the body, drug interactions, adverse reactions and drug design.
Download or read book Prodrugs written by Valentino Stella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-12 with total page 1447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These volumes represent a comprehensive guide to prodrugs. They guide the reader through the current status of the prodrug concept and its many applications and highlight its many successes in overcoming formulation and delivery of problematic drugs. Replete with examples of approved and marketed prodrugs, these volumes introduce the topic to the novice as well as professional in the design of prodrugs.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology by : Wanda M. Haschek
Download or read book Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology written by Wanda M. Haschek and published by San Diego : Academic Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1012 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In volume I, the book covers toxicologic pathology in its basic aspects, including its definition, the basic biochemical and morphologic mechanisms underlying the discipline, the basic practice of toxicologic pathology (including special techniques) and issues essential to the understanding of toxicologic pathology such as risk assessment, experimental design, and statistical analysis. Next, the book moves to specific issues affecting the "practice" toxicologic pathology, including issues such as knowledge management, regulatory affairs and writing pathology reports. Finally, Volume I closes with several chapters that deal with specific classes of environmental toxicants such as endocrine disruptors and heavy metals. Volume II addresses the toxicologic pathology in a thoroughly standardized systems manner, addressing the basic structure and function of a particular organ system, its response to toxic injury, mechanisms of injury and methods of evaluation of such injury.-
Book Synopsis Toxicology and Human Environments by : Ernest Hodgson
Download or read book Toxicology and Human Environments written by Ernest Hodgson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-09-28 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental toxicology is generally held to be the study of the potential of constituents of outdoor environments to impact either human health or the biological structure of the ecosystems involved. This volume is a first attempt to integrate toxicological studies of all of the many human environments, both indoor and outdoor, and their complex interrelationships. Included are considerations of natural environments, the agroecosystem, occupational, urban and domestic environments as well as the environment associated with Superfund sites and military deployments. The primary emphasis is on public health, including the potential health effects of toxicants found in different environments, the bioprocessing of such toxicants in humans and surrogate animals and the principles of risk analysis. Approaches the toxicology of human environments in a new and unique way, stressing the complex interrelationships of all human environments and the implication for human and environmental health Each chapter is written by an acknowledged expert and is addressed to those interested in the broader implications of the environmental modifications that are always associated with the activities of humans living and working in them
Book Synopsis Textbook of Personalized Medicine by : Kewal K. Jain
Download or read book Textbook of Personalized Medicine written by Kewal K. Jain and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2015-03-17 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in the technology used in personalized medicine and increased applications for clinical use have created a need for this expansion and revision of Kewal K. Jain’s Textbook of Personalized Medicine. As the first definitive work on this topic, this book reviews the fundamentals and development of personalized medicine and subsequent adoptions of the concepts by the biopharmaceutical industry and the medical profession. It also discusses examples of applications in key therapeutic areas, as well as ethical and regulatory issues, providing a concise and comprehensive source of reference for those involved in healthcare management, planning and politics. Algorithms are included as a guide to those involved in the management of important diseases where decision-making is involved due to the multiple choices available. Textbook of Personalized Medicine, Second Edition will serve as a convenient source of information for physicians, scientists, decision makers in the biopharmaceutical and healthcare industries and interested members of the public.
Book Synopsis Hormones and Resistance by : Hans Selye
Download or read book Hormones and Resistance written by Hans Selye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 7 If so, the individual members of each class thus identified could then be subjected to a more profound pharmacokinetic analysis. In other words, we had to determine first which hormone protects against which drug, before we could explore how it did this. We had to know first that a hormone has adaptive value before we could ask whether this is due to a syntoxic or a catatoxic mechanism. Such observations, as the fact that an indomethacin-induced intestinal ulcer can be prevented by ethylestrenol, orthat cortisol aggravates certain infections, reveal nothing about how these hormones work; but only findings of this type can tell us where further research would be rewarding. Of course, scientists can rarely identify by direct observation the tbings that they are looking for; most of the time they have to be guided by indirect indices. The ebernist often first detects a compound, or even a particular functional group in its molecule, by inference from a color reaction, a revealing X-ray diffraction pattern or the formation of a characteristic precipitate. The physician must first suspect the presence of a microbe through certain clinical signs and symptoms before he can verify his diagnosis by looking for a particular organism. It is perhaps not too daring to hope that in our first efforts to clarify the role of hormones in resistance, simple, directly visible indicators might also serve us best.
Author :National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1224 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Research Grants Index by : National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
Download or read book Research Grants Index written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes: Bioactivation and Antioxidant Defense by : Chang-Hwei Chen
Download or read book Xenobiotic Metabolic Enzymes: Bioactivation and Antioxidant Defense written by Chang-Hwei Chen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, organized, and concise overview of xenobiotic metabolic enzymes and their health implications. The subjects addressed are broad in scope with an emphasis on recent advances in research on biochemical and biomedical aspects of these enzymes. The xenobiotics discussed include not just drugs, but also food, smoke, and other environmental chemicals. The subjects covered in this work include: metabolic enzymes and their catalyzed reactions, reactive intermediates generated from metabolic activation, oxidative stress mediated by electrophilic reactive intermediates, bioactivation - mediated cellular and functional damages, activation of Nrf2 – ARE pathway, genetic variations affecting metabolic enzyme expression, enzyme polymorphisms affecting xenobiotic - mediated toxicity, induction of metabolic enzymes for health benefits, and a diversity of metabolic enzyme modulators.
Book Synopsis Cytochromes P450 by : Costas Ioannides
Download or read book Cytochromes P450 written by Costas Ioannides and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008-06-27 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During half a century, cytochrome P450 in its original uniqueness as an optically "wrong" cytochrome has attracted many investigators, who have contributed to the unveiling of a bewildering multiplicity of biologically important functions of the, by now very large, superfamily of cytochrome P 450 enzymes. With its discovery in 1958 and with the advent of more refined spectroscopic methodologies, through the double wavelength spectrophotometry, the mysterious enzyme system began to reveal its secrets in a swift stream of investigative successes. As one of the most extensively studied enzyme systems worldwide the interest in cytochromes P450 very much reflects its importance in the elimination of drugs and other chemicals from the body and its role in chemical toxicity and in the aetiology of diseases such as cancer. There has been significant progress in research in this area in recent years and current books on this subject are now out of date. This much needed, new, fully up-to-date publication fills this gap and emphasises the new relevant topics that have emerged during the last decade in an easily accessible manner. The enzyme system, cytochromes P450, comprises a number of families/subfamilies, and the focus of the book is to deal with each individually, furnishing information directly relevant to scientists involved in the development of chemicals, in particular in the evaluation of their safety. The book has contributions from internationally respected scientists who are research-active in the relevant areas. The authors have made extensive use of figures and tables so that the reader can access the necessary information without always having to read the text. In addition, a very extensive, user-friendly index is a unique hallmark of the book. Part A of this monograph introduces the reader to the current knowledge of the evolutionary development of cytochrome P450 structure and function. Furthermore, it deals with the role of this enzyme in the formation of reactive intermediates. The shrewd and extensive utilisation of the molecular biology methodology very rapidly led to a vast body of enzymes calling for a classification of the plethora of different cytochromes P450 (the superfamily) into families and subfamilies. This is aptly exemplified by the ten chapters in Part B of this book, dealing with ten subfamilies and two families of cytochrome P450. Part C offers an insight into another aspect of cytochrome P450 research, namely its regulation through receptor-mediated stimuli - as opposed to enzyme induction or inhibition. The final chapter translates the current data on one of several drug metabolising systems into clinical application and highlights the role of cytochromes P450 in the treatment of neoplastic growth. The book deals extensively with each family/subfamily of the cytochromes P450 that contribute to the metabolism of xenobiotics. Essential and invaluable information is provided for the industrial research scientist working with fine chemicals, and especially those in the pharmaceutical industry, dealing with the safety evaluation of chemicals or being involved in the study of their metabolism, pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties. It should also prove of interest to Regulators concerned with the safety evaluation of chemicals, research pharmacologists and toxicologists, and postgraduate students studying drug metabolism and toxicology at an advanced level.
Book Synopsis Pharmacology and Therapeutics by : Scott A. Waldman
Download or read book Pharmacology and Therapeutics written by Scott A. Waldman and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything you need to know about all of today's drugs in a coherent, easy-to-use format - from the underlying science through innovation, translation, regulation, and clinical implementation. This multimedia resource fills a critical need for a more clinically focused, user-friendly pharmacology reference. Evidence-based therapeutic guidelines facilitate decision making; and coverage of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, regenerative pharmacology, stem cell therapies, and the emerging field of individualized medicine keeps you at the forefront of the latest developments.
