Messy Urbanism

Download Messy Urbanism full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Messy Urbanism ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Messy Urbanism

Author : Manish Chalana
Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
ISBN 13 : 9888208330
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (882 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Messy Urbanism by : Manish Chalana

Download or read book Messy Urbanism written by Manish Chalana and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-01 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seemingly messy and chaotic, the landscapes and urban life of cities in Asia possess an order and hierarchy that often challenges understanding and appreciation. With contributions by a cross-disciplinary group of authors, Messy Urbanism: Understanding the “Other” Cities of Asia examines a range of cases in Asia to explore the social and institutional politics of urban informality and the contexts in which this “messiness” emerges or is constructed. The book brings a distinct perspective to the broader patterns of informal urban orders and processes as well as their interplay with formalized systems and mechanisms. It also raises questions about the production of cities, cityscapes, and citizenship. Messy Urbanism will appeal to professionals, students, and scholars in the fields of urban studies, architecture, landscape architecture, planning and policy, as well as Asian studies. “The rubric of ‘messy urbanism’ is a productive antidote to the binaries that have limited a productive discussion about urbanism in Asia. This book is a significant contribution in understanding the inherent nature of the built environments in aspiring democracies—an emergent urbanism that seamlessly embraces the incremental, temporal, and ephemeral as given conditions in the formation of Asian cities.” —Rahul Mehrotra, Architect / Professor of Urban Design and Planning, Harvard University “This book is of a high quality, with multiple examples from Hong Kong and China. The authors have covered the topic admirably and I expect the book to attract a wide readership.” —Vinit Mukhija, Associate Professor and Vice Chair of Urban Planning, UCLA

Urban Design

Author : Alex Krieger
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452914125
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Urban Design by : Alex Krieger

Download or read book Urban Design written by Alex Krieger and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collects essays written on the establishment and cultivation of urban design as a distinct architectural and planning practice.

Order without Design

Author : Alain Bertaud
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262550970
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Order without Design by : Alain Bertaud

Download or read book Order without Design written by Alain Bertaud and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that operational urban planning can be improved by the application of the tools of urban economics to the design of regulations and infrastructure. Urban planning is a craft learned through practice. Planners make rapid decisions that have an immediate impact on the ground—the width of streets, the minimum size of land parcels, the heights of buildings. The language they use to describe their objectives is qualitative—“sustainable,” “livable,” “resilient”—often with no link to measurable outcomes. Urban economics, on the other hand, is a quantitative science, based on theories, models, and empirical evidence largely developed in academic settings. In this book, the eminent urban planner Alain Bertaud argues that applying the theories of urban economics to the practice of urban planning would greatly improve both the productivity of cities and the welfare of urban citizens. Bertaud explains that markets provide the indispensable mechanism for cities’ development. He cites the experience of cities without markets for land or labor in pre-reform China and Russia; this “urban planners’ dream” created inefficiencies and waste. Drawing on five decades of urban planning experience in forty cities around the world, Bertaud links cities’ productivity to the size of their labor markets; argues that the design of infrastructure and markets can complement each other; examines the spatial distribution of land prices and densities; stresses the importance of mobility and affordability; and critiques the land use regulations in a number of cities that aim at redesigning existing cities instead of just trying to alleviate clear negative externalities. Bertaud concludes by describing the new role that joint teams of urban planners and economists could play to improve the way cities are managed.

My Kind of City

Author : Hank Dittmar
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1642830364
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis My Kind of City by : Hank Dittmar

Download or read book My Kind of City written by Hank Dittmar and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hank lived by the credo 'first listen, then design.'" —Scott Bernstein, Founder and Chief Strategy + Innovation Officer, Center for Neighborhood Technology Hank Dittmar was a globally recognized urban planner, advocate, and policy advisor. He wrote extensively on a wide range of topics, including architectural criticism, community planning, and transportation policy over his long and storied career. In My Kind of City, Dittmar has organized his selected writings into ten sections with original introductions. His observations range on scale from local ("My Favorite Street: Seven Dials, Covent Garden, London") to national ("Post Truth Architecture in the Age of Trump") and global ("Architects are Critical to Adapting our Cities to Climate Change"). Andrés Duany writes of Hank in the book foreword, "He has continued to search for ways to engage place, community and history in order to avoid the tempting formalism of plans." The range of topics covered in My Kind of City reflects the breadth of Dittmar's experience in working for better cities for people. Common themes emerge in the engaging prose including Dittmar's belief that improving our cities should not be left to the "experts"; his appreciation for the beautiful and the messy; and his rare combination of deep expertise and modesty. As Lynn Richards, CEO of Congress for the New Urbanism expresses in the preface, "Hank's writing is smart without being elitist, witty and poetic, succinct and often surprising." My Kind of City captures a visionary planner's spirit, eye for beauty, and love for the places where we live.

Shaping Urban Futures in Mongolia

Author : RebekaRebekah Plueckhahn
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 1787351521
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Shaping Urban Futures in Mongolia by : RebekaRebekah Plueckhahn

Download or read book Shaping Urban Futures in Mongolia written by RebekaRebekah Plueckhahn and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can the generative processes of dynamic ownership reveal about how the urban is experienced, understood and made in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia? Shaping Urban Futures in Mongolia provides an ethnography of actions, strategies and techniques that form part of how residents precede and underwrite the owning of real estate property – including apartments and land – in a rapidly changing city. In doing so, it charts the types of visions of the future and perceptions of the urban form that are emerging within Ulaanbaatar following a period of investment, urban growth and subsequent economic fluctuation in Mongolia’s extractive economy since the late 2000s. Following the way that people discuss the ethics of urban change, emerging urban political subjectivities and the seeking of ‘quality’, Plueckhahn explores how conceptualisations of growth, multiplication, and the portioning of wholes influence residents’ interactions with Ulaanbaatar’s urban landscape. Shaping Urban Futures in Mongolia combines a study of changing postsocialist forms of ownership with a study of the lived experience of recent investment-fuelled urban growth within the Asia region. Examining ownership in Mongolia’s capital reveals how residents attempt to understand and make visible the hidden intricacies of this changing landscape.

A City Is Not a Computer

Author : Shannon Mattern
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 069122675X
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis A City Is Not a Computer by : Shannon Mattern

Download or read book A City Is Not a Computer written by Shannon Mattern and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bold reassessment of "smart cities" that reveals what is lost when we conceive of our urban spaces as computers Computational models of urbanism—smart cities that use data-driven planning and algorithmic administration—promise to deliver new urban efficiencies and conveniences. Yet these models limit our understanding of what we can know about a city. A City Is Not a Computer reveals how cities encompass myriad forms of local and indigenous intelligences and knowledge institutions, arguing that these resources are a vital supplement and corrective to increasingly prevalent algorithmic models. Shannon Mattern begins by examining the ethical and ontological implications of urban technologies and computational models, discussing how they shape and in many cases profoundly limit our engagement with cities. She looks at the methods and underlying assumptions of data-driven urbanism, and demonstrates how the "city-as-computer" metaphor, which undergirds much of today's urban policy and design, reduces place-based knowledge to information processing. Mattern then imagines how we might sustain institutions and infrastructures that constitute more diverse, open, inclusive urban forms. She shows how the public library functions as a steward of urban intelligence, and describes the scales of upkeep needed to sustain a city's many moving parts, from spinning hard drives to bridge repairs. Incorporating insights from urban studies, data science, and media and information studies, A City Is Not a Computer offers a visionary new approach to urban planning and design.

Pirate Modernity

Author : Ravi Sundaram
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134130511
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pirate Modernity by : Ravi Sundaram

Download or read book Pirate Modernity written by Ravi Sundaram and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Delhi’s contemporary history as a site for reflection, Pirate Modernity moves from a detailed discussion of the technocratic design of the city by US planners in the 1950s, to the massive expansions after 1977, culminating in the urban crisis of the 1990s. As a practice, pirate modernity is an illicit form of urban globalization. Poorer urban populations increasingly inhabit non-legal spheres: unauthorized neighborhoods, squatter camps and bypass legal technological infrastructures (media, electricity). This pirate culture produces a significant enabling resource for subaltern populations unable to enter the legal city. Equally, this is an unstable world, bringing subaltern populations into the harsh glare of permanent technological visibility, and attacks by urban elites, courts and visceral media industries. The book examines contemporary Delhi from some of these sites: the unmaking of the citys modernist planning design, new technological urban networks that bypass states and corporations, and the tragic experience of the road accident terrifyingly enhanced by technological culture. Pirate Modernity moves between past and present, along with debates in Asia, Africa and Latin America on urbanism, media culture, and everyday life. This pioneering book suggests cities have to be revisited afresh after proliferating media culture. Pirate Modernity boldly draws from urban and cultural theory to open a new agenda for a world after media urbanism.

Climate Urbanism

Author : Vanesa Castán Broto
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030533867
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Climate Urbanism by : Vanesa Castán Broto

Download or read book Climate Urbanism written by Vanesa Castán Broto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the relationship between cities and climate change is entering a new and more urgent phase. Thirteen contributions from a range of leading scholars explore the need to rethink and reorient urban life in response to climatic change. Split into four parts it begins by asking ‘What is climate urbanism?’ and exploring key features from different locations and epistemological traditions. The second section examines the transformative potential of climate urbanism to challenge social and environmental injustices within and between cities. In the third part authors interrogate current knowledge paradigms underpinning climate and urban science and how they shape contemporary urban trajectories. The final section focuses on the future, envisaging climate urbanism as a new communal project, and focuses on the role of citizens and non-state actors in driving transformative action. Consolidating debates on climate urbanism, the book highlights the opportunities and tensions of urban environmental policy, providing a framework for researchers and practitioners to respond to the urban challenges of a radically climate-changed world.

Now Urbanism

Author : Jeffrey Hou
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317619919
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Now Urbanism by : Jeffrey Hou

Download or read book Now Urbanism written by Jeffrey Hou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-10-10 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After more than a century of heroic urban visions, urban dwellers today live in suburban subdivisions, gated communities, edge cities, apartment towers, and slums. The contemporary cities we know are more often the embodiment of unexpected outcomes and unintended consequences rather than visionary planning. As an alternative approach for rethinking and remaking today’s cities and regions, this book explores the intersections of critical inquiry and immediate, substantive actions. The contributions inside recognize the rich complexities of the present city not as barriers or obstacles but as grounds for uncovering opportunity and unleashing potential. Now Urbanism asserts that the future city is already here. It views city making as grounded in the imperfect, messy, yet rich reality of the existing city and the everyday purposeful agency of its dwellers. Through a framework of situating, grounding, performing, distributing, instigating, and enduring, these contributions written by a multidisciplinary group of practitioners and scholars illustrate specificity, context, agency, and networks of actors and actions in the re-making of the contemporary city.

Just Urban Design

Author : Kian Goh
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 026254427X
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Just Urban Design by : Kian Goh

Download or read book Just Urban Design written by Kian Goh and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributions by urban planners, sociologists, anthropologists, architects, and landscape architects on the role and scope of urban design in creating more just and inclusive cities. Scholars who write about justice and the city rarely consider the practices and processes of urban design, while discourses on urban design often neglect concerns about justice. The editors of Just Urban Design take the position that urban design interventions have direct and important implications for justice in the city. The contributions in this volume contextualize the state of knowledge about urban design for justice, stress inclusivity as the key to justice in the city, affirm community participation and organizing as cornerstones of greater equity, and assert that a just urban design must center and privilege our most marginalized individuals and communities. Approaching spatial and social justice in the city through the lens of urban design, the contributors explore the possibility of envisioning and delivering social, spatial, and environmental justice in cities through urban design and the material reality of built environment interventions. The editors’ combined expertise includes urban politics and climate change, public space, mobility justice, community development, housing, and informality, and the contributors include researchers and practitioners from urban planning, sociology, anthropology, architecture, and landscape architecture. Contributors: Rachel Berney, Rebecca Choi, Teddy Cruz, Diane E. Davis, Fonna Forman, Christopher Giamarino, Kian Goh, Alison B. Hirsch, Jeffrey Hou, Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Setha Low, Matthew Jordan Miller, Vinit Mukhija, Chelina Odbert, Francesca Piazzoni, and Michael Rios.

Routledge Handbook of Urbanization in Southeast Asia

Author : Rita Padawangi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134799772
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Urbanization in Southeast Asia by : Rita Padawangi

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Urbanization in Southeast Asia written by Rita Padawangi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of urbanization in Southeast Asia has been a growing field of research over the past decades. The Routledge Handbook of Urbanization in Southeast Asia offers a collection of the major streams and themes in the studies of the cities in the region. A focus on the urbanization process rather than the city as an object opens the topic more broadly to bring together different perspectives. This timely handbook presents these diverse views to build a clearer understanding of theoretical contributions of urban studies in Southeast Asia and to provide a complete collection of scholarly works that are thematically structured and a useful tool for teaching urbanization in Southeast Asia. Following the introduction by the editor, the handbook is structured along central, emerging themes. It contains six parts, which are each introduced by the editor: Theorizing Urbanization in Southeast Asia Migration, Networks and Identities Development and Discontents Environmental Governance The Social Production of the Urban Fabric Social Change and Alternative Development This handbook will be an essential reference work for scholars interested in Urban Studies, cities and urbanization in Asia, and Southeast Asian Studies.

Urban Development in Southeast Asia

Author : Rita Padawangi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108636306
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Urban Development in Southeast Asia by : Rita Padawangi

Download or read book Urban Development in Southeast Asia written by Rita Padawangi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-21 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization as a process is rife with inequality, in Southeast Asia as anywhere else, but resistance and contestation persist on the ground. In this element, the author sets out to achieve three goals: 1) to examine the political nature of urban development; 2) to scrutinize the implications of power inequality in urban development discussions; and 3) to highlight topical and methodological contributions to urban studies from Southeast Asia. The key to a robust understanding is groundedness: knowledge about the everyday realities of urban life that are hard to see on the surface but dominate how the city functions, with particular attention to human agency and the political life of marginalized groups. Ignoring politics in research on urbanization essentially perpetuates the power inequities in urban development; this element thus focuses not just on Southeast Asian cities and urbanization per se, but also on critical perspectives on patterns and processes in their development.

The Largest Art

Author : Brent D. Ryan
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262036673
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Largest Art by : Brent D. Ryan

Download or read book The Largest Art written by Brent D. Ryan and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why urban design is larger than architecture: the foundational qualities of urban design, examples and practitioners Urban design in practice is incremental, but architects imagine it as scaled-up architecture—large, ready-to-build pop-up cities. This paradox of urban design is rarely addressed; indeed, urban design as a discipline lacks a theoretical foundation. In The Largest Art, Brent Ryan argues that urban design encompasses more than architecture, and he provides a foundational theory of urban design beyond the architectural scale. In a “declaration of independence” for urban design, Ryan describes urban design as the largest of the building arts, with qualities of its own. Ryan distinguishes urban design from its sister arts by its pluralism: plural scale, ranging from an alleyway to a region; plural time, because it is deeply enmeshed in both history and the present; plural property, with many owners; plural agents, with many makers; and plural form, with a distributed quality that allows it to coexist with diverse elements of the city. Ryan looks at three well-known urban design projects through the lens of pluralism: a Brancusi sculptural ensemble in Romania, a Bronx housing project, and a formally and spatially diverse grouping of projects in Ljubljana, Slovenia. He revisits the thought of three plural urbanists working between 1960 and 1980: David Crane, Edmund Bacon, and Kevin Lynch. And he tells three design stories for the future, imaginary scenarios of plural urbanism in locations around the world. Ryan concludes his manifesto with three signal considerations urban designers must acknowledge: eternal change, inevitable incompletion, and flexible fidelity. Cities are ceaselessly active, perpetually changing. It is the urban designer's task to make art with aesthetic qualities that can survive perpetual change.

Global Climate Change and Environmental Refugees

Author : Pardeep Singh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031248333
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Global Climate Change and Environmental Refugees by : Pardeep Singh

Download or read book Global Climate Change and Environmental Refugees written by Pardeep Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-18 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the possibilities of understanding the concept of climate refugees in order to ascribe to a consensual agreement that climate refugees are evident and this situation is a reality. A framework to study both empirically and theoretically is presented in a detailed manner so that it may become a resource for understanding the challenges of climate refugees. Through discussion and analysis the book presents potential answers to such questions as: ● Why has the international system been so short-sighted and has not given importance to the problems of climate migrants and refugees? ● How to identify a climate refugee? ● How do you justify a climate refugee or a migrant? ● What are internally displaced people? Should we call them just refugees? The book covers the interdisciplinary nature of climate refugees and the perspectives of social science. The empirical findings provides an edge to holistically understanding climate refugees. This book discusses the concept of, what really is a climate refugee, and the necessary factors to make it an important part of the climate discourse. The legality of the term is missing in international parlance, and the academic discourse should provide the necessary critique required for the evolution of the subject under study. Therefore, the major objective of the book is to make the subject of climate migration known to all.

The New Companion to Urban Design

Author : Tridib Banerjee
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351400614
Total Pages : 894 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The New Companion to Urban Design by : Tridib Banerjee

Download or read book The New Companion to Urban Design written by Tridib Banerjee and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New Companion to Urban Design continues the assemblage of rich and critical ideas about urban form and design that began with the Companion to Urban Design (Routledge, 2011). With chapters from a new set of contributors, this sequel offers a more comparative perspective representing multiple voices and perspectives from the Global South. The essays in this volume are organized in three parts: Part I: Comparative Urbanism; Part II: Challenges; and Part III: Opportunities. Each part contains distinct sections designed to address specific themes, and includes a list of annotated suggested further readings at the end of each chapter. Part I: Comparative Urbanism examines different variants of urbanism in the Global North and the Global South, produced by a new economic order characterized by the mobility of labor, capital, information, and technology. Part II: Challenges discusses some of the contemporary challenges that cities of the Global North and the Global South are facing and the possible role of urban design. This part discusses spatial claims and conflicts, challenges generated by urban informality, explosive growth or dramatic shrinkage of the urban settlement, gentrification and displacement, and mimesis, simulacra and lack of authenticity. Part III: Aspirations discusses some normative goals that urban design interventions aspire to bring about in cities of the Global North and the Global South. These include resilience and sustainability, health, conservation/restoration, justice, intelligence, access and mobility, and arts and culture. The New Companion to Urban Design is primarily intended for scholars and graduate students interested in cities and their built environment. It offers an invaluable and up-to-date guide to current thinking across a range of disciplines including urban design, planning, urban studies, and geography.

Urban Alchemy

Author : Mindy Thompson Fullilove
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1613320124
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Urban Alchemy by : Mindy Thompson Fullilove

Download or read book Urban Alchemy written by Mindy Thompson Fullilove and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if divided neighborhoods were causing public health problems? What if a new approach to planning and design could tackle both the built environment and collective well-being at the same time? What if cities could help each other? Dr. Mindy Fullilove, the acclaimed author of Root Shock, uses her unique perspective as a public health psychiatrist to explore ways of healing social and spatial fractures simultaneously. Using the work of French urbanist Michel Cantal-Dupart as a guide, Fullilove takes readers on a tour of successful collaborative interventions that repair cities and make communities whole.

The Postcolonial Condition of Architecture in Asia

Author : Francis Chia-Hui Lin
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1793614040
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (936 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Postcolonial Condition of Architecture in Asia by : Francis Chia-Hui Lin

Download or read book The Postcolonial Condition of Architecture in Asia written by Francis Chia-Hui Lin and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a bidirectional investigation of Asia’s spatiotemporality by asking how Asia is located and how localities are Asianized. The author examines “display-ness” as a theoretical common divisor and argues that Asia’s architectural and urban spectacle is as meaningful and significant as an indicator of Asia’s postcolonial condition.