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Author : Eve R. Fillenbaum
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Meridional Heat Flux Variability at 26.5°N in the North Atlantic Ocean written by Eve R. Fillenbaum and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Olga T. Sato
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Seasonal and Low Frequency Variability in the Meridional Heat Flux at 36N̊ in the North Atlantic written by Olga T. Sato and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alison M. Macdonald
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128058781
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Alison M. Macdonald and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to ascertain the implications of a changing climate are based first and foremost on our understanding the fundamental balances comprising earth’s climate. The global energy budget is integral to this understanding, and the poleward transport of heat by the oceans is an intrinsic component of the energy balance. In this chapter, we look to describe what is presently known about ocean heat transport and its role in the climate system. At the end of the last century, as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), the ocean-going research community completed a decade-long international effort to explore the ocean through the acquisition of a single consistent and comparable set of high-quality, full-depth observations. This global-scale field campaign was designed to determine the mean steady-state basin-scale circulation and meridional ocean heat transport. At the time, it was recognized that this mean was unlikely to be stationary. It was also understood that patterns of variability that had yet to be measured would influence our eventual understanding of these one-time “synoptic” observations. A decade later, time series of ocean heat transport (from moorings, repeat XBT and CTD lines and profiling floats), although still quite short and either spatially and/or temporally sparse, are now becoming available. The WOCE/JGOFS programs of the 1990s have been extended through large international efforts first by the Climate Variability and Predictability program and now by the Global Ocean Ship-based Hydrographic Investigations Program. Through these newly acquired time series, improvements in analysis techniques, and recent modeling advances, we are beginning to describe ocean heat transport variability and to understand its possible response to and role in climate change. In this chapter, we focus on what has been learnt about ocean heat transport through in situ observations. We include some history, a detailed description of ocean heat transport computation and decomposition, and a discussion of the present state of the science, seeking to measure ocean heat transport variability.
Author : Nicolas Barrier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (899 download)
Download or read book Variability of the Ocean Circulation in the North-Atlantic in Response to Atmospheric Weather Regimes written by Nicolas Barrier and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the PhD is to investigate the impacts of the large-Scale atmospheric variability on the North- Atlantic ocean circulation. This question has already been addressed in a large number of studies, in which the atmospheric variability is decomposed into modes of variability, determined by decomposing sea-Level pressure anomalies into Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOFs). These modes of variability are the North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the East-Atlantic Pattern (EAP) and the Scandinavian Pattern (SCAN). EOF decomposition assumes that the modes are orthogonal and symmetric. The latter assumption, however, has been shown to be inadequate for the NAO. Hence, a different framework is used in this study to assess the atmospheric variability, the so-Called weather regimes. These are large-Scale, recurrent and quasi-Stationary atmospheric patterns that have been shown to capture well the interannual and decadal variability of atmospheric forcing to the ocean. Furthermore, they allow to separate the spatial patterns of the positive and negative NAO phases. Hence, these weather regimes are a promising alternative to modes of variability in the study of the ocean response to atmospheric variability. Using observations and numerical models (realistic or in idealised settings), we have shown that the Atlantic Ridge (AR), NAO- and NAO+ regimes drive a fast (monthly to interannual) wind-Driven response of the subtropical and subpolar gyres (topographic Sverdrup balance) and of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC, driven by Ekman transport anomalies). At decadal timescales, the subpolar gyre strengthens for persistent NAO+ and Scandinavian Blocking (BLK) conditions via baroclinic adjustment to buoyancy fluxes and slackens for persistent AR conditions via baroclinic adjustment to wind-Stress curl anomalies. The latter mechanism also accounts for the strengthening of the subtropical gyre for persistent NAO+ conditions and its weakening for persistent AR conditions. The gyres response to persistent NAO- conditions reflects the southward shift of the gyre system (the intergyre gyre). The MOC spins-Up for persistent NAO+ and BLK conditions via increased deep water formation in the Labrador Sea, and conversely for the NAO- and AR regimes. Last, heat budget calculations in the subpolar gyre and the Nordic Seas have been performed using four global ocean hindcasts. The winter averaged heat convergence in the western subpolar gyre is positively correlated with the NAO- winter occurrences, which is due to the intergyregyre circulation, while it is negatively correlated with AR winter occurrences, because of the wind-Driven reduction of both gyres. Downward surface heat flux anomalies are negatively correlated with NAO+ occurrences, and conversely for the NAO-. In the Nordic Seas, they are positively correlated with BLK and to a lesser extent AR occurrences. Furthermore, we suggest that the heat content variability in the western subpolar gyre is the signature of the delayed response (6-Year lag) to the time-Integrated NAO+ forcing, due to the combination of the immediate (0-Lag) response of surface heat flux and the lagged (3 year lag) response of ocean heat convergence.
Author : Jinting Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (936 download)
Download or read book Variability of Large-scale Ocean Circulation and Meridional Heat Transport in the Atlantic Ocean written by Jinting Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research described in the dissertation addresses what controls the variability of ocean circulation and meridional heat transport (MHT) in the Atlantic Ocean on different timescales. Chapter 2 focuses on the contribution of surface heating and wind forcing with/without topography to the seasonal and interannual-to-decadal variations of large-scale sea surface height (SSH) using simplified models. On the seasonal timescale thermosteric height explains most of the SSH variance north of 18°N and first mode linear long Rossby wave explains the SSH between 10°N-15°N and east of Greenland. On interannual-to-decadal timescales, a topographic Sverdrup response explains interannual-to-decadal SSH between 53°N and 63°N east of Greenland, suggesting the important role of topography in the subpolar region. Farther south, the linear Rossby wave model explains SSH variations on interannual-to-decadal timescales between 30°N and 50°N from mid-basin to the eastern boundary. In Chapter 3, perturbation experiments and a 1000-year control simulation in the GFDL coupled model CM2.1 are used to investigate the evolution of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and its related upper ocean heat content (UOHC) on the decadal timescale. A slow southward propagation of positive AMOC anomaly in northern high latitudes leads to a convergence (divergence) of the Atlantic MHT anomaly in the subpolar (Gulf Stream) region, thus warming (cooling) in the subpolar (Gulf Stream) region after several years. The study presented in Chapter 4 examines the coherence structure of the interannual MHT variability in the Atlantic tropics and subtropics using seven simulations in the CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) archive as well as a hindcast simulation in the isopycnal ocean model GOLD (Generalized Ocean Layered Dynamics) from 1971 to 2009. The spatial pattern for the leading mode of the interannual MHT anomaly from all the model simulations has the same sign from 20°S-30°N, with a peak near the equator. Ekman heat transport anomalies between 7°S-20°N and the geostrophic transport beneath the Ekman layer from 13°S-27°N (except the equator) contribute to this MHT leading mode, while the contribution of the deep ocean is negligible. The connection between the hemispheres results from diapycnal transport of the northward geostrophic transport beneath the Ekman layer in the southern tropics; after this water reaches the upper ocean, it then moves northward where Ekman transport takes over. The wind is the main external forcing for the MHT coherence structure. The work in this thesis enhances the understanding of the contributions of heating, winds and topography on sea level changes on seasonal and interannual-to-decadal timescales, as well as the decadal and interannual variability of the AMOC and MHT in the Atlantic Ocean. It could be used to understand the effect of topography on the ocean circulation in the high latitude, improve the decadal prediction of the UOHC in the North Atlantic Ocean, and advance the knowledge of the tropical Atlantic heat transport and ocean-atmosphere coupling system.
Author : Daniel R Cayan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Variability of Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes Over the Oceans written by Daniel R Cayan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Feng He
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book The Nature of the Decadal Variability of Surface Climate Over the North Atlantic Ocean written by Feng He and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : L. V. Nechvolodov
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)
Download or read book Low Frequency Variability of Meridional Heat Transport in the North Atlantic and Its Response on the El Nino (Southern Oscillation) Events written by L. V. Nechvolodov and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dylan Charles Oldenburg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Variability in Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport and Meridional Overturning in Global Climate Models written by Dylan Charles Oldenburg and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meridional ocean heat transport (OHT) plays a major role in global climate. The Atlantic Ocean is particularly relevant to the global climate because its OHT is northward in both hemispheres due to the existence of the strong Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This thesis gives new insights into what mechanisms drive changes in North Atlantic OHT. The first chapter focuses on the mechanisms that drive changes in OHT into the Arctic from the North Atlantic under both internal variability and CO2 forced climate change, which are important to understand because the Arctic is experiencing particularly rapid climate change. Our results indicate that the mechanisms differ depending on whether the OHT changes occur under CO2 forcing or internal variability. We also find that an increase in OHT into the Arctic can occur despite a decrease in the strength of AMOC un- der global warming. Chapter 2 considers the entire North Atlantic, and aims to determine the mechanisms driving low-frequency OHT variability using a novel method that isolates a mode of low-frequency variability without any explicit low-pass filtering of the data. Here our results suggest that in global climate models, North Atlantic OHT and AMOC are driven primarily by changes in water-mass transformation in the Labrador Sea regardless of which deepwater formation regions dominate the climatological water-mass transformation and AMOC. In Chapter 3, we investigate how these mechanisms differ in higher resolution models. Chapter 3 Part I focuses on determining how well the time-mean AMOC and high-latitude water-mass transformation are represented in a high-resolution coupled model compared to an equivalent low-resolution version. We find that a high-resolution coupled model reproduces the water-mass transformation found in an atmospheric reanalysis-forced ocean simulation fairly effectively, especially compared to a low-resolution version. Chapter 3 Part II applies a similar analysis to what is used in Chapter 2 to a high-resolution model to see whether the same mechanisms of OHT variability found in low-resolution models hold true. Here we find that, although the Labrador Sea plays a much smaller role in climatological water-mass transformation and AMOC in the high-resolution model compared to the low-resolution version, it still appears to play a major role in the WMT and AMOC variability at decadal and longer timescales. This work as a whole contributes to providing a better understanding of North Atlantic ocean variability, how it differs between models with differing climatologies and resolutions, and how it is linked to Arctic changes.
Author : Lisan Yu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Inverse Modeling of Seasonal Variations in the North Atlantic Ocean written by Lisan Yu and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Uma S. Bhatt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Role of Atmosphere-ocean Interaction in the Midlatitude North Atlantic on Interannual Climate Variability written by Uma S. Bhatt and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wolfgang Krauss
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Warmwatersphere of the North Atlantic Ocean written by Wolfgang Krauss and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlantic Ocean plays a dominant role in the global climate system due to its unique thermohaline circulation: it is the only ocean in which heat is transported from the southern to the northern hemisphere, yielding the mild climate of Europe and influencing the climate system on the entire globe. The book primarily addresses oceanographers, meteorologists and the broad community working on climate research. With a few exceptions, mathematical descriptions are reduced to a minimum; the detailed explanation of the main current systems, the oceanic eddy fields and the interpretation of the general circulation by numeric models will also be of interest to neighboring disciplines. The book reviews the most recent advances in its field.
Author : Who Myung Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (869 download)
Download or read book Understanding the Long-Term Change of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) During the Late Twentieth Century written by Who Myung Kim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is believed to be associated with changes in surface buoyancy in the subpolar North Atlantic, which naturally leads to a notion that the AMOC has been weakening under global warming. Yet, a variety source of observations and its assimilation into ocean circulation models have not supported such an AMOC decline so far. In this study, an aspect that has not been paid attention, regarding the maintenance of the AMOC strength, is explored: storm activity in the subpolar North Atlantic (NA). An analysis using reanalysis data shows that the wintertime turbulent heat flux variability in the LS deep convection region is largely controlled by a small number of extreme heat flux event days, suggesting a pivotal role of winter storms in prompting LS deep-water formation. A set of forced ocean-ice model simulations, in which synoptic winter storm activity associated with these event days is either suppressed or doubled over the subpolar NA, confirms the above analysis as the altered storm activity results in a substantial change in LS convection and the AMOC strength. These experiments also show an upward AMOC trend during the late twentieth century, the degree of which is to some extent related to the intensity of storm activity in the LS. The upward AMOC trend found in the first part of the dissertation opposes to a downward AMOC trend in the twentieth century coupled model simulations employing the identical ocean component. An analysis suggests that contrast to the ocean-ice model, storm activity in the LS convection region and associated heat flux decreases during the late twentieth century. Although there is also a buoyancy increase over the LS, the wintertime heat flux decrease appears to be a more dominant factor for a decrease in convection in the LS, as an increasing freshwater input from Arctic/Subarctic Ocean bypasses the interior LS along the western boundary current. Therefore, the downward AMOC trend in the coupled model can be linked ultimately to the decreasing storm activity over the LS. This study therefore suggests that storm activity over the major convection regions needs to be paid further attention in assessing AMOC variations, including long-term trend in response to a warming scenario, in future studies. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149596
Author : Bjørn Helland-Hansen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)
Download or read book Temperature Variations in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Atmosphere written by Bjørn Helland-Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bjørn Helland-Hansen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Temperature Variations in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Atmosphere written by Bjørn Helland-Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Heidi Cullen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The North Atlantic and the Middle East written by Heidi Cullen and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hans-Joachim Dammschneider
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 3749420556
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (494 download)
Download or read book Oceanic cycles and the variability of air and water temperatures in Northern-Europe written by Hans-Joachim Dammschneider and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature changes of weather stations in Northern-Europe are evaluated for the period 1913-2013 and results are compared with the oceanic cycles of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) as well as the developments of the sea surface temperatures (SST). It is demonstrated that PDO and AMO as distribution patterns of potential oceanic thermal storage and heat release are closely correlated to the nearly in sync changing trends of air temperatures in Europe. In correlation to the warmer or colder conditions it can be observed in Europe that air temperatures are ascending or descending. There are spatial changes of temperatures in the oceanic oscillations of both the Pacific (PDO) and the Atlantic (AMO), their interplay and the dependend transport of latent allochthonous energy are a possible reason for the also ́periodic ́ temperature trends in Europe ... whether for example in Bergen (N), Germany (D) or water temperatures in the North Sea (Helgoland, D).
