Mergers Acquisitions A Real Option Valuation Approach Of Investment Decision Under Uncertainty

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Mergers & Acquisitions - a Real Option valuation approach of investment decision under uncertainty

Author : Marc Zajicek
Publisher : diplom.de
ISBN 13 : 3832475753
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (324 download)

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Book Synopsis Mergers & Acquisitions - a Real Option valuation approach of investment decision under uncertainty by : Marc Zajicek

Download or read book Mergers & Acquisitions - a Real Option valuation approach of investment decision under uncertainty written by Marc Zajicek and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2004-01-06 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The objective of this dissertation is to examine the application of Real Options for the evaluation of companies with regard to acquisitions. There has been an intensive scientific discussion in the past years about the Real Options method for the evaluation of investments and mergers & acquisitions as in practice usually the management tries to capture future developments with static methods of capital budgeting. For example, future cash-flows are discounted with a fixed risk-adjusted discount rate. Therefore, the Real Options approach has been applied very rarely as it has the reputation of high complexity and poor practicability in daily business. However, the use of present values and capitalized values may produce pitfalls in acquisition decisions as strategic investment decisions might be characterized by a wide range of possibilities to react flexibly to a fast changing environment. In chapter 1, the term Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A) is defined and the motives as well as the relevance of M&A transactions for different branches are described in detail. Furthermore, the process and the different phases of a merger or an acquisition are explained. Chapter 2 presents traditional evaluation methods of static net present value, sensitivity analysis, Monte Carlo and decision tree. These classic methods are discussed and a comparison is drawn among these techniques in regard to practicability. At the end of this chapter, a evaluation is presented in regard to specific situations with the mayor parameter of uncertainty and flexibility for the application of these classic methods. The basic concept of option pricing is described in chapter 3. In addition, the Black-Scholes equation and the underlying assumptions are explained in detail in order to understand financial options, which are the basic for the Real Options approach. At the end of the chapter, an example of a call and put option is discussed in order to understand the functioning of options. Chapter 4 presents an introduction and definition of the Real Options method. Furthermore, the value drivers and the value creation due to the application of Real Options are discussed and analyzed in detail. After the discussion of the functioning of Real Options, a comparison of the analogy between financial Options and Real Options is done in order to possible differences. In this context, the limitations of the analogy of financial and Real Options are presented. Finally, [...]

Playing at Acquisitions

Author : Han T. J. Smit
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691176418
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Playing at Acquisitions by : Han T. J. Smit

Download or read book Playing at Acquisitions written by Han T. J. Smit and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-09 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking approach to mergers and acquisitions It is widely accepted that a large proportion of acquisition strategies fail to deliver the expected value. Globalizing markets characterized by growing uncertainty, together with the advent of new competitors, are further complicating the task of valuing acquisitions. Too often, managers rely on flawed valuation models or their intuition and experience when making risky investment decisions, exposing their companies to potentially costly pitfalls. Playing at Acquisitions provides managers with a powerful methodology for designing and executing successful acquisition strategies. The book tackles the myriad executive biases that infect decision making at every stage of the acquisition process, and the inadequacy of current valuation approaches to help mitigate these biases and more realistically represent value in uncertain environments. Bringing together the latest advances in behavioral finance, real option valuation, and game theory, this unique playbook explains how to express acquisition strategies as sets of real options, explicitly introducing uncertainty and future optionality into acquisition strategy design. It shows how to incorporate the competitive dynamics that exist in different acquisition contexts, acknowledge and even embrace uncertainty, identify the value of the real options embedded in targets, and more. Rooted in economic theory and featuring numerous real-world case studies, Playing at Acquisitions will enhance the ability of CEOs and their teams to derive value from their acquisition strategies, and is also an ideal resource for researchers and MBAs.

Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty and Competition

Author : Alcino Azevedo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty and Competition by : Alcino Azevedo

Download or read book Investment Decisions Under Uncertainty and Competition written by Alcino Azevedo and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Real Options Theory

Author : Jeffrey J. Reuer
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1849504946
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis Real Options Theory by : Jeffrey J. Reuer

Download or read book Real Options Theory written by Jeffrey J. Reuer and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2007-07-05 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the ways in which real options theory can contribute to strategic management. This volume offers conceptual pieces that trace out pathways for the theory to move forward and presents research on the implications of real options for strategic investment, organization, and firm performance.

Three Essays in Real Options

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (671 download)

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Book Synopsis Three Essays in Real Options by :

Download or read book Three Essays in Real Options written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real options refer to the investment, entry, exit and other strategic decisions of the firm that share three important characteristics: they are irreversible, they are made under uncertainty, and their timing is chosen by the firm. The term `real options' was introduced in 1977 by Stewart Myers in his paper `Determinants of corporate borrowing' that related risky debt holdings to the future investment policy of the firm. The literature on real options has since been active and growing with seminal works by Brennan and Schwartz (1985) on the valuation and optimal timing of the natural resource investments; McDonald and Siegel (1986) on general approach to investment timing and scrapping; Margrabe (1978) on the asset exchange options; Fudenberg and Tirole (1985) on the preemption and equilibrium in the technology adoption games; Pindyck (1988) on capacity choice, and Kulatilaka and Perotti (1998) on strategic growth options under imperfect competition. In the 1990's and 2000's, a number of classical textbooks in real options appeared in print: Dixit and Pindyck (1994), Trigeorgis (1996), Amram and Kulatilaka (1998), and Vollert (2003). In its development the real options literature combines the option pricing framework introduced in Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1973) with the research in the specific fields of economics and finance such as capital budgeting and investment policy, corporate debt and agency problems, mergers & acquisitions or game theory. The present work illustrates the application of the real options approach to three economic areas: strategic competition, mergers & acquisitions and international trade. The first chapter discusses the optimal timing of the technology adoption, entry and merger decisions in the industry producing a vertically differentiated product. I solve the model for the monopoly, duopoly and merger (which is equivalent to a monopoly with two products) and outline the equilibrium strategies of the Incumbent and the Entrant.

The Promises and Perils of Real Options Valuation Technique

Author : Mayank Gupta
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783844310030
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Promises and Perils of Real Options Valuation Technique by : Mayank Gupta

Download or read book The Promises and Perils of Real Options Valuation Technique written by Mayank Gupta and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-02 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph attempts to present an in-depth analysis about the obstacles involved with the implementation of Real Options valuation technique, for making investment decisions under uncertain business environment. The model traces back its origin from the famed Black&Scholes (1973) model for option valuation, for financial assets. However recently a lot of academicians have made several attempts to use the same model, for valuing options which are inherently embedded within projects that firms undertake, thereby allowing firms (managers) to make informed investment decisions, by capturing the value of new information and managerial flexibility, during the various stages of the project. However it needs to be examined carefully, that the Black&Scholes model for option volatility, is based on certain assumptions, which if violated cannot correctly price the value of a european call option. This monograph by using a case study method attempts to demonstrate the problems associated with the implementation of Real Options valuation technique, for valuing R&D projects in Pharmaceutical industry.

The Art of Capital Restructuring

Author : H. Kent Baker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118030354
Total Pages : 612 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis The Art of Capital Restructuring by : H. Kent Baker

Download or read book The Art of Capital Restructuring written by H. Kent Baker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most up-to-date guide on making the right capital restructuring moves The Art of Capital Restructuring provides a fresh look at the current state of mergers, acquisitions, and corporate restructuring around the world. The dynamic nature of M&As requires an evolving understanding of the field, and this book considers several different forms of physical restructuring such as divestitures as well as financial restructuring, which refers to alterations in the capital structure of the firm. The Art of Capital Restructuring not only explains the financial aspects of these transactions but also examines legal, regulatory, tax, ethical, social, and behavioral considerations. In addition to this timely information, coverage also includes discussion of basic concepts, motives, strategies, and techniques as well as their application to increasingly complex, real-world situations. Emphasizes best practices that lead to M&A success Contains important and relevant research studies based on recent developments in the field Comprised of contributed chapters from both experienced professionals and academics, offering a variety of perspectives and a rich interplay of ideas Skillfully blending theory with practice, this book will put you in a better position to make the right decisions with regard to capital restructuring in today's dynamic business world.

What Is So Real About Real Options, and Why Are They Optional?

Author : Johnathan Mun
Publisher : John Wiley and Sons
ISBN 13 : 111800633X
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis What Is So Real About Real Options, and Why Are They Optional? by : Johnathan Mun

Download or read book What Is So Real About Real Options, and Why Are They Optional? written by Johnathan Mun and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-14 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, corporate investment decisions were cut and dried. Buy a new machine that is more efficient, make more products costing a certain amount, and if the benefits outweigh the costs, execute the investment. Hire a larger pool of sales associates, expand the current geographical area, and if the marginal increase in forecast sales revenues exceeds the additional salary and implementation costs, start hiring. Need a new manufacturing plant? Show that the construction costs can be recouped quickly and easily by the increase in revenues the plant will generate through new and improved products, and the initiative is approved. However, real-life business conditions are a lot more complicated. Your firm decides to go with an e-commerce strategy, but multiple strategic paths exist. Which path do you choose? What are the options you have? If you choose the wrong path, how do you get back on the right track? How do you value and prioritize the paths that exist? You are a venture capitalist firm with multiple business plans to consider. How do you value a start-up firm with no proven track record? How do you structure a mutually beneficial investment deal? What is the optimal timing to a second or third round of financing? This chapter provides a novel approach to applying real options to answering these issues and more.

Modeling Risk

Author : Johnathan Mun
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470620013
Total Pages : 916 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Risk by : Johnathan Mun

Download or read book Modeling Risk written by Johnathan Mun and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An updated guide to risk analysis and modeling Although risk was once seen as something that was both unpredictable and uncontrollable, the evolution of risk analysis tools and theories has changed the way we look at this important business element. In the Second Edition of Analyzing and Modeling Risk, expert Dr. Johnathan Mun provides up-to-date coverage of risk analysis as it is applied within the realms of business risk analysis and offers an intuitive feel of what risk looks like, as well as the different ways of quantifying it. This Second Edition provides professionals in all industries a more comprehensive guide on such key concepts as risk and return, the fundamentals of model building, Monte Carlo simulation, forecasting, time-series and regression analysis, optimization, real options, and more. Includes new examples, questions, and exercises as well as updates using Excel 2007 Book supported by author's proprietary risk analysis software found on the companion CD-ROM Offers both a qualitative and quantitative description of risk Filled with in-depth insights and practical advice, this reliable resource covers all of the essential tools and techniques that risk managers need to successfully conduct risk analysis. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

Quantitative Business Valuation

Author : Jay B. Abrams
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470390166
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Business Valuation by : Jay B. Abrams

Download or read book Quantitative Business Valuation written by Jay B. Abrams and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-29 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Business Valuation A Mathematical Approach for Today's Professionals Essential reading for the serious business appraiser, Quantitative Business Valuation, Second Edition is the definitive guide to quantitative measurements in the valuation process. No other book written on business valuation is as well researched, innovative, and bottom-line beneficial to you as a practitioner. Written by leading valuation and litigation economist Jay B. Abrams, this text is a rigorous and eye-opening treatment filled with applications for a wide variety of scenarios in the valuation of your privately held business. Substantially revised for greater clarity and logical flow, the Second Edition includes new coverage of: Converting forecast net income to forecast cash flow Damages in manufacturing firms Regressing scaled y-variables as a way to control for heteroscedasticity Mathematical derivation of the Price-to-Sales (PS) ratio Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and Real Options (RO) Analysis Venture capital and angel investor rates of return Lost inventory and lost profits damage formulas in litigation Organized into seven sections, the first three parts of this book follow the chronological sequence of performing a discounted cash flow. The fourth part puts it all together, covering empirical testing of Abrams' valuation theory and measuring valuation uncertainty and error. Parts five to seven round it all out with discussion of litigation, valuing ESOPs and partnership buyouts, and probabilistic methods including valuing start-ups. The resulting work, solidly grounded in economic theory and including all necessary mathematics, integrates existing science into the valuation profession—and develops valuation formulas and models that you will find useful on a daily basis.

Credit Engineering for Bankers

Author : Morton Glantz
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123785863
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (237 download)

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Book Synopsis Credit Engineering for Bankers by : Morton Glantz

Download or read book Credit Engineering for Bankers written by Morton Glantz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-11-25 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More efficient credit portfolio engineering can increase the decision-making power of bankers and boost the market value of their banks. By implementing robust risk management procedures, bankers can develop comprehensive views of obligors by integrating fundamental and market data into a portfolio framework that treats all instruments similarly. Banks that can implement strategies for uncovering credit risk investments with the highest return per unit of risk can confidently build their businesses. Through chapters on fundamental analysis and credit administration, authors Morton Glantz and Johnathan Mun teach readers how to improve their credit skills and develop logical decision-making processes. As readers acquire new abilities to calculate risks and evaluate portfolios, they learn how credit risk strategies and policies can affect and be affected by credit ratings and global exposure tracking systems. The result is a book that facilitates the discipline of market-oriented portfolio management in the face of unending changes in the financial industry. Concentrates on the practical implementation of credit engineering strategies and tools Demonstrates how bankers can use portfolio analytics to increase their insights about different groups of obligors Investigates ways to improve a portfolio’s return on risk while minimizing probability of insolvency

Investment Decision-making Using Optional Models

Author : David Heller
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1786305224
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Investment Decision-making Using Optional Models by : David Heller

Download or read book Investment Decision-making Using Optional Models written by David Heller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to create value, companies must allocate their resources effectively and evaluate investment alternatives. This book examines, from a theoretical and empirical point of view, how managerial flexibility can be integrated into investment decisions through the optional approach. Unlike the traditional net present value method, the actual options take into account indeterminate elements. These lead to unpredictable cash flows at the time of the investment decision, especially in the context of complex and risky projects. The book puts into perspective the use of optional models and their interactions. The different categories of options are the subject of practical applications, through analysis of investment decisions where uncertainty is growing. Therefore, studies make it possible to consider the flexible nature of investment choices by integrating new information and risk over time.

Real Options in Capital Investment

Author : Lenos Trigeorgis
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313020825
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Real Options in Capital Investment by : Lenos Trigeorgis

Download or read book Real Options in Capital Investment written by Lenos Trigeorgis and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1995-01-24 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation integrates various new contributions to the growing real options literature. Recent developments in the valuation of capital investment opportunities seen as real options (e.g. to defer, expand, abandon, or switch) have provided the tools and unlocked the possibilities to revolutionize the field of capital budgeting. The resulting insights, strategies, and techniques enable quantifying the thus far elusive elements of managerial operating flexibility and strategic interactions. These are vital to successfully capitalize on favorable future investment opportunities or limit losses from adverse market developments. This book presents various models and operating strategies, and a variety of applications ranging from acquisitions and divestitures, to natural resource development and pollution compliance. It is intended for both the academic and the professional market. The book's contributions are divided into five parts, covering sections on real options and alternative valuation paradigms for capital investment analysis; on the analysis of general exchange or switching options, and interdependencies among multiple such options; on strategic acquisitions, infrastructure, and foreign investment options; on mean reversion/ alternative formulations in natural resource investments, shipping, and start-up ventures; and on other applications in pollution compliance, land development, flexible manufacturing, and financial default options. Both academic and practitioner interest in these developments is unusually high. The book can serve as supplementary material for the academic market, e.g., in advanced finance courses in option pricing or capital budgeting, in doctoral seminars, and as a library resource. It may also be of interest to the professional market (e.g. corporate planners and finance executives in the oil, pharmaceutical, auto and a variety of other industries), academics from related areas (e.g. decision analysts or economists), as well as to international readers (academics, doctoral students, and professionals).

Multi-Asset Risk Modeling

Author : Morton Glantz
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124016944
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-Asset Risk Modeling by : Morton Glantz

Download or read book Multi-Asset Risk Modeling written by Morton Glantz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-Asset Risk Modeling describes, in a single volume, the latest and most advanced risk modeling techniques for equities, debt, fixed income, futures and derivatives, commodities, and foreign exchange, as well as advanced algorithmic and electronic risk management. Beginning with the fundamentals of risk mathematics and quantitative risk analysis, the book moves on to discuss the laws in standard models that contributed to the 2008 financial crisis and talks about current and future banking regulation. Importantly, it also explores algorithmic trading, which currently receives sparse attention in the literature. By giving coherent recommendations about which statistical models to use for which asset class, this book makes a real contribution to the sciences of portfolio management and risk management. Covers all asset classes Provides mathematical theoretical explanations of risk as well as practical examples with empirical data Includes sections on equity risk modeling, futures and derivatives, credit markets, foreign exchange, and commodities

The Strategic CFO

Author : Ulrich Hommel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642043496
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis The Strategic CFO by : Ulrich Hommel

Download or read book The Strategic CFO written by Ulrich Hommel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) has substantially changed in a world characterized by globalized financial markets and truly global products. The accelerated development of new technologies, products, and markets has led to an increasingly dynamic and uncertain competitive situation. The book demonstrates and discusses the impact of this changing corporate environment on the role and responsibilities of the CFO. A more holistic view that integrates business and financial decisions is required in order to manage these challenges of globalization. The book shows how the CFO can adopt and implement this management approach and thus play a vital role in the firm’s value creation.

Strategic Investment

Author : Han T. J. Smit
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400829399
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Investment by : Han T. J. Smit

Download or read book Strategic Investment written by Han T. J. Smit and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corporate finance and corporate strategy have long been seen as different sides of the same coin. Though both focus on the same broad problem, investment decision-making, the gap between the two sides--and between theory and practice--remains embarrassingly large. This book synthesizes cutting-edge developments in corporate finance and related fields--in particular, real options and game theory--to help bridge this gap. In clear, straightforward exposition and through numerous examples and applications from various industries, Han Smit and Lenos Trigeorgis set forth an extended valuation framework for competitive strategies. The book follows a problem-solving approach that synthesizes ideas from game theory, real options, and strategy. Thinking in terms of options-games can help managers address questions such as: When is it best to invest early to preempt competitive entry, and when to wait? Should a firm compete in R&D or adopt an accommodating stance? How does one value growth options or infrastructure investments? The authors provide a wide range of valuation examples, such as acquisition strategies, R&D investment in high-tech sectors, joint research ventures, product introductions in consumer electronics, infrastructure, and oil exploration investment. Representing a major step beyond standard real options or strategy analysis, and extending the power of real options and strategic thinking in a rigorous fashion, Strategic Investment will be an indispensable guide and resource for corporate managers, MBA students, and academics alike.

Real Options and Investment Under Uncertainty

Author : Eduardo S. Schwartz
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262693189
Total Pages : 890 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Real Options and Investment Under Uncertainty by : Eduardo S. Schwartz

Download or read book Real Options and Investment Under Uncertainty written by Eduardo S. Schwartz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of investment under uncertainty was stagnant for several decades until developments in real options revitalized the field. The topics covered in this book include the reasons behind the under-investment programme.