Mercenaries Hybrid Armies And National Security

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Mercenaries, Hybrid Armies and National Security

Author : Caroline Varin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317674774
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Mercenaries, Hybrid Armies and National Security by : Caroline Varin

Download or read book Mercenaries, Hybrid Armies and National Security written by Caroline Varin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-15 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the use of ‘mercenaries’ by states, and their integration into the national armed forces as part of a new hybridisation trend of contemporary armies. Governments, especially in the West, are undertaking an unprecedented wave of demilitarisation and military budget cuts. Simultaneously, these same governments are increasingly opening their armies up to foreign nationals and outsourcing military operations to private companies. This book explores the impact of this hybridisation on the values, cohesion and effectiveness of the armed forces by comparing and contrasting the experiences of the French Foreign Legion, private military companies in Angola, and the merging of private contractors and American troops in Iraq. Examining the employment of foreign citizens and private security companies as military forces and tools of foreign policy, and their subsequent impact on the national armed forces, the book investigates whether the difficulties of coordinating soldiers of various nationalities and allegiances within public-private joint military operations undermines the legitimacy of the state. Furthermore, the author questions whether this trend for outsourcing security can realistically provide a long term and positive contribution to national security. This book will be of much interest to students of private military companies, strategic studies, international security and IR in general.

Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies

Author : Alan Axelrod
Publisher : CQ Press
ISBN 13 : 1483364666
Total Pages : 670 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies by : Alan Axelrod

Download or read book Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies written by Alan Axelrod and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2013-12-27 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercenaries have been active in battle from the beginning of military history and, as private armies and military support firms, they are a major component of warfare today. Security, military advice, training, logistics support, policing, technological expertise, intelligence, transportation—all are outsourced to a greater or lesser degree in the U.S. military. However, privatization is not a uniquely American phenomenon. Countries as diverse as Saudi Arabia and Australia rely on privatization in one form or another. Historically, heads of state, politicians, and other administrators have justified use of mercenaries on the basis of their effectiveness, and cost-savings. These reasons and others continue to serve as rationales for use of private military companies in military strategy. Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies provides a comprehensive survey and guide to mercenary forces, entrepreneurs, and corporations active on the international military scene today, including a concise history of mercenaries and private armies on land, sea, and in the air. Narrative chapters are amply supplemented by sidebars including biographies of major figures, key statistics, historical and current documents, contracts, and legislation on private armies and outsourced military services. Each chapter includes a bibliography of books, journal articles, and web sites, and a general bibliography concludes the entire work.

Mercenaries and War

Author : National Defense University Press
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781678665234
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (652 download)

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Book Synopsis Mercenaries and War by : National Defense University Press

Download or read book Mercenaries and War written by National Defense University Press and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercenaries are more powerful than experts realize, a grave oversight. Those who assume they are cheap imitations of national armed forces invite disaster because for-profit warriors are a wholly different genus and species of fighter. Private military companies such as the Wagner Group are more like heavily armed multinational corporations than the Marine Corps. Their employees are recruited from different countries, and profitability is everything. Patriotism is unimportant, and sometimes a liability. Unsurprisingly, mercenaries do not fight conventionally, and traditional war strategies used against them may backfire.

Armies Without States

Author : Robert Mandel
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781588260666
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (66 download)

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Book Synopsis Armies Without States by : Robert Mandel

Download or read book Armies Without States written by Robert Mandel and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book concludes with an assessment of the complexities surrounding responses to security privatization - and an exploration of when, and whether, it should be promoted rather than prevented."--BOOK JACKET.

Mercenaries

Author : Sarah Percy
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191607533
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Mercenaries by : Sarah Percy

Download or read book Mercenaries written by Sarah Percy and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-10-11 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of this book is to argue that the use of private force by states has been restricted by a norm against mercenary use. The book traces the evolution of this norm, from mercenaries in medieval Europe through to private security companies in modern day Iraq, telling a story about how the mercenaries of yesterday have evolved into those of today in the process. The norm against mercenaries has two components. First, mercenaries are considered to be immoral because they use force outside legitimate, authoritative control. Second, mercenaries are considered to be morally problematic because they fight wars for selfish, financial reasons as opposed to fighting for some kind of larger conception of the common good. The book examines four puzzles about mercenary use, and argues that they can only be explained by understanding the norm against mercenaries. First, the book argues that moral disapproval of mercenaries led to the disappearance of independent mercenaries from medieval Europe. Second, the transition from armies composed of mercenaries to citizen armies in the nineteenth century can only be understood with attention to the norm against mercenaries. Third, it is impossible to understand why international law regarding mercenaries, created in the 1970s and 1980s, is so ineffective without understanding the norm. Finally, the disappearance of companies like Executive Outcomes and Sandline and the development of today's private security industry cannot be understood without the norm. This book is a project of the Oxford Leverhulme Programme on the Changing Character of War.

The Invisible Soldiers

Author : Ann Hagedorn
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1416598812
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invisible Soldiers by : Ann Hagedorn

Download or read book The Invisible Soldiers written by Ann Hagedorn and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals unsettling practices in the privatization of American national security services to trace the establishment of and questionable dependency on private military and security companies. By the author of Savage Peace. 40,000 first printing.

The Modern Mercenary

Author : Sean McFate
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190621087
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis The Modern Mercenary by : Sean McFate

Download or read book The Modern Mercenary written by Sean McFate and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-10 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Modern Mercenary, Sean McFate lays bare this opaque world, explaining the economic structure of the industry and showing in detail how firms operate on the ground. A former U.S. Army paratrooper and private military contractor, McFate provides an unparalleled perspective into the nuts and bolts of the industry, as well as a sobering prognosis for the future of war. While at present, the U.S. government and U.S. firms dominate the market, private military companies are emerging from other countries, and warlords and militias have restyled themselves as private security companies in places like Afghanistan and Somalia. To understand how the proliferation of private forces may influence international relations, McFate looks back to the European Middle Ages, when mercenaries were common and contract warfare the norm. He concludes that international relations in the twenty-first century may have more in common with the twelfth century than the twentieth. This "back to the future" situation, which he calls "neomedievalism," is not necessarily a negative condition, but it will produce a global system that contains rather than solves problems.

Gangs, Pseudo-Militaries, and Other Modern Mercenaries

Author : Max G. Manwaring
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806185945
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Gangs, Pseudo-Militaries, and Other Modern Mercenaries by : Max G. Manwaring

Download or read book Gangs, Pseudo-Militaries, and Other Modern Mercenaries written by Max G. Manwaring and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2012-10-11 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first decade of the twenty-first century has made brutally clear, the very definitions of war and the enemy have changed almost beyond recognition. Threats to security are now as likely to come from armed propagandists, popular militias, or mercenary organizations as they are from conventional armies backed by nation-states. In this timely book, national security expert Max G. Manwaring explores a little-understood actor on the stage of irregular warfare—the gang. Since the end of the Cold War, some one hundred insurgencies or irregular wars have erupted throughout the world. Gangs have figured prominently in more than half of those conflicts, yet these and other nonstate actors have received little focused attention from scholars or analysts. This book fills that void. Employing a case study approach, and believing that shadows from the past often portend the future, Manwaring begins with a careful consideration of the writings of V. I. Lenin. He then scrutinizes the Piqueteros in Argentina, gangs in Colombia, private armies in Mexico, Hugo Chavez’s use of popular militias in Venezuela, and the looming threat of Al Qaeda in Western Europe. As conventional warfare is increasingly eclipsed by these irregular and “uncomfortable” wars, Manwaring boldly diagnoses the problem and recommends solutions that policymakers should heed.

Criminal Jurisdiction over Armed Forces Abroad

Author : Rain Liivoja
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108364039
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (83 download)

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Book Synopsis Criminal Jurisdiction over Armed Forces Abroad by : Rain Liivoja

Download or read book Criminal Jurisdiction over Armed Forces Abroad written by Rain Liivoja and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rain Liivoja explores why, and to what extent, armed forces personnel who commit offences abroad are prosecuted under their own country's laws. After clarifying several conceptual uncertainties in the doctrine of jurisdiction and immunities, he applies the doctrine to the extraterritorial deployment of service personnel. Comparing the law and practice of different states, the author shows the sheer breadth of criminal jurisdiction that countries claim over their service personnel. He argues that such claims disclose a discrete category of jurisdiction, with its own scope and rationale, which can be justified as a matter of international law. By distinguishing service jurisdiction as a distinct category, the analysis explains some of the peculiarities of military criminal law and also provides a basis for extending national criminal law to private military contractors serving the state. This book is essential for scholars and practitioners in international and criminal law, especially in military contexts.

Foreign Fighters and Multinational Armies

Author : Steven O’Connor
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000588173
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Foreign Fighters and Multinational Armies by : Steven O’Connor

Download or read book Foreign Fighters and Multinational Armies written by Steven O’Connor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book showcases new historical research on foreign soldiers, including an overview of the early modern period and numerous case studies which cover the last 175 years and stretch over 5 continents. The last two decades have seen the term ‘foreign fighter’ enter our everyday vocabulary. The insurgencies in Afghanistan and Iraq, the Syrian Civil War and the rise and fall of the Islamic State group have sparked public interest in the phenomenon of people choosing to leave their own country and fight in a foreign conflict. Foreign fighters, their origins, motives, activities and potential danger to their home countries have become subjects of debate, attracting contributions from politicians, military personnel, the media, political scientists, legal scholars but to a much lesser extent from historians. The ten essayss in this volume showcase new historical research on foreign military labour. The aim of the volume is to better understand the experiences and challenges faced by both the foreigners and the host country, particularly its armed forces, and to highlight the significance of these trends to the contemporary debate on foreign fighters. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal European Review of History.

The Governance of Private Security

Author : Marco Boggero
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319695932
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis The Governance of Private Security by : Marco Boggero

Download or read book The Governance of Private Security written by Marco Boggero and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-15 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers new insights and original empirical research on private military and security companies (PMSCs), including China’s negotiation approach to governance, an account of Nigeria’s first engagement with regulatory cooperation under the threat of Boko Haram, and a study of PMSCs in Ebola-hit Western Africa. The author engages with concepts and theories from IR, Political Economy, and African studies—like regime, forum shopping, and extraversion—to describe what shapes state choices in national and international fora. The volume clarifies and spells out the needed questions and definitions and proposes a synthesis of how regime formation is shaped by ideas, interests, and institutions, starting from the proposition that regulatory cooperation consists in facilitating the acceptance and use of a single identifier for private military and security companies.

Outsourcing Security

Author : Bruce E. Stanley
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1612347622
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (123 download)

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Book Synopsis Outsourcing Security by : Bruce E. Stanley

Download or read book Outsourcing Security written by Bruce E. Stanley and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2015-07-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Faced with a decreasing supply of national troops, dwindling defense budgets, and the ever-rising demand for boots on the ground in global conflicts and humanitarian emergencies, decision makers are left with little choice but to legalize and legitimize the use of private military contractors (PMCs). Outsourcing Security examines the impact that bureaucratic controls and the increasing permissiveness of security environments have had on the U.S. military’s growing use of PMCs during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Bruce E. Stanley examines the relationship between the rise of the private security industry and five potential explanatory variables tied to supply-and-demand theory in six historical cases, including Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the U.S. intervention in Bosnia in 1995, and Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Outsourcing Security is the only work that moves beyond a descriptive account of the rise of PMCs to lay out a precise theory explaining the phenomenon and providing a framework for those considering PMCs in future global interaction.

Understanding War

Author : Christian P. Potholm
Publisher : UPA
ISBN 13 : 0761867740
Total Pages : 720 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding War by : Christian P. Potholm

Download or read book Understanding War written by Christian P. Potholm and published by UPA. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third book in Professor Christian Potholm’s war trilogy (which includes Winning at War and War Wisdom), Understanding War provides a most workable bibliography dealing with the vast literature on war and warfare. As such, it provides insights into over 3000 works on this overwhelmingly extensive material. Understanding War is thus the most comprehensive annotated bibliography available today. Moreover, by dividing war material into eighteen overarching themes of analysis and fifty seminal topics, and focusing on these, Understanding War enables the reader to access and understand the broadest possible array of materials across both time and space, beginning with the earliest forms of warfare and concluding with the contemporary situation. Stimulating and thought-provoking, this volume is essential for an understanding of the breadth and depth of the vast scholarship dealing with war and warfare through human history and across cultures.

Routledge Handbook of Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency in Africa

Author : Usman A. Tar
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351271903
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency in Africa by : Usman A. Tar

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Counterterrorism and Counterinsurgency in Africa written by Usman A. Tar and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-28 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates how Africa’s defence and security domains have been radically altered by drastic changes in world politics and local ramifications. First, the contributions of numerous authors highlight the transnational dimensions of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency in Africa and reveal the roles played by African states and regional organisations in the global war on terror. Second, the volume critically evaluates the emerging regional architectures of countering terrorism, insurgency, and organised violence on the continent through the African Union Counterterrorism Framework (AU-CTF) and Regional Security Complexes (RSC). Third, the book sheds light on the counterterrorism and counterinsurgency (CT-COIN) structures and mechanisms established by specific African states to contain, degrade, and eliminate terrorism, insurgency, and organised violence on the continent, particularly the successes, constraints, and challenges of the emerging CT-COIN mechanisms. Finally, the volume highlights the entry of non-state actors – such as civil society, volunteer groups, private security companies, and defence contractors – into the theatre of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency in Africa through volunteerism, community support for state-led CT-COIN Operations, and civil-military cooperation (CIMIC). This book will be of use to students and scholars of security studies, African studies, international relations, and terrorism studies, and to practitioners of development, defence, security, and strategy.

Blackwater

Author : Jeremy Scahill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781846686306
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Blackwater by : Jeremy Scahill

Download or read book Blackwater written by Jeremy Scahill and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meet BLACKWATER USA, the world's most powerful mercenary firm. Based in the wilderness of North Carolina, it is the fastest-growing private army on the planet with forces capable of carrying out regime change throughout the world. Blackwater protects the top US officials in Iraq and yet we know nothing about the firm's quasi-military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan and inside the US. Blackwater was founded by an extreme right-wing fundamentalist Christian mega-millionaire ex-Navy Seal named Erik Prince, the scion of a wealthy conservative family that bankrolls far-right-wing causes. Blackwater is the dark story of the rise of a powerful mercenary army, ranging from the blood-soaked streets of Fallujah to rooftop firefights in Najaf to the hurricane-ravaged US gulf to Washington DC, where Blackwater executives are hailed as new heroes in the war on terror. This is an extraordinary expose by one of America's most exciting young radical journalists.

Boko Haram and the War on Terror

Author : Caroline Varin
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440844119
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Boko Haram and the War on Terror by : Caroline Varin

Download or read book Boko Haram and the War on Terror written by Caroline Varin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive analysis of the rise of Boko Haram from a small religious cult to a major terrorist group, placing them within the context of Nigerian politics and the international War on Terror. In 2009, Nigerian security forces stormed a religious cult by the name of Boko Haram, killing its leader and thousands of followers. Six years later, Boko Haram is an enemy to reckon with, boasting 15,000 members and taking credit for 20,000 deaths. This book looks at the successful rise of this terrorist group, probing the religious and political environment that enabled a relatively small cult to threaten a nation. The study draws on the author's fieldwork in Nigeria, where she had access to officials, activists, psychologists, and military personnel. Written in a clear and accessible manner, it offers a micro-to-macro investigation of the Boko Haram as a phenomenon. It also provides readers with an understanding of the regional dynamics that obstructed political and military cooperation among neighboring countries, enabling Boko Haram's success. This book traces the group's religious origins in the early 2000s and documents its violent political claims in Nigeria and across the border in Northern Cameroon, Niger, and Chad. Finally, it examines the impact of the international War on Terror and presents a comparative study of other contemporary terrorism movements and their networks.

International Organisations and Global Problems

Author : Susan Park
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107077214
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis International Organisations and Global Problems by : Susan Park

Download or read book International Organisations and Global Problems written by Susan Park and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses the effectiveness of international organisations as problem solvers of key issues in global politics.