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Author : Patrick Dominic Bosshart
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (781 download)
Download or read book Membrane Proteins Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy Techniques written by Patrick Dominic Bosshart and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Joan M. Lau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Imaging Membrane Proteins Using Atomic Force Microscopy Techniques written by Joan M. Lau and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thousands of different membrane proteins exist in the human body and reside in the membranes of cells. Structural information regarding these proteins can provide insight into the function of these proteins. Acquiring membrane protein structural information is difficult, especially when preparation techniques that are traditionally used for soluble proteins such as crystallizing and isolating proteins are not easily adapted for membrane proteins. The atomic force microscope (AFM) provides an alternative for imaging membrane proteins. The preparation required does not require crystallizing or isolating proteins, and can imagine membrane proteins in their native environment. Techniques are explored that can utilize the AFM for imaging proteins, including examining isolated cell membrane patches and membrane surfaces. One technique utilizes plasma membrane from Xenopus laevis oocytes as a model system to study membrane. A novel technique is developed to isolate oocyte membranes by bursting the oocyte and depositing its membrane on a flat mica substrate. The flat surface membrane preparation allows high-resolution AFM images to be obtained, revealing a novel structure of densely packed particles. These particles exhibit a regular, repeating pattern of a lattice-like array with orderly packing, and are thus termed 3lattice-like array particles4 (LAPs). The LAPs are orderly yet imperfectly packed, are located in depressed pools, occur with a low frequency on the oocyte membrane surface, and have not previously been seen using other isolation and imaging methods. Histogram analysis of the center-to-center distance between LAPs suggest their size to be about 44 nm in diameter, considerably larger than other reported size estimates of IMPs. These results indicate that LAPs represent a novel membrane particle organization, which merits further study. Future developments using this method or further studies to develop alternative membrane preparations may help elucidate membrane protein structure.
Author : Laura S. Connelly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303971129
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (711 download)
Download or read book Integrated Atomic Force Microscopy Techniques for Analysis of Biomaterials written by Laura S. Connelly and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is the prominent techniques for structural studies of biological materials in physiological relevant fluidic environments. AFM has been used to resolve the three-dimensional (3D) surface structure of cells, membranes, and proteins structures. Ion channels, formed by membrane proteins, are the key structures that control the activity of all living systems. This dissertation focuses on the structural evaluation of membrane proteins through atomic force microscopy. In Part I, AFM is utilized to study one of the most prominent medical issues facing our society, Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD is a misfolded protein disease characterized by the accumulation of [Beta]-amyloid (A[Beta]) peptide as senile plaques, progressive neurodegeneration, and memory loss. Recent evidence suggests that AD pathology is linked to the destabilization of cellular ionic homeostasis mediated by toxic channel structures composed of A[Beta] peptides. Selectively engineered sequences of A[Beta] were examined by AFM to elucidate the substructures and thus activity A[Beta] channels. Key residues were evaluated with the intent better understand the exact nature by which these pores conduct electrical and molecular signals, which could aid in identifying potential therapeutic targets for the prevention/treatment of AD. Additionally, AFM was used to analyze brain derived A[Beta] and newly developed pharmacological agents to study membranes and A[Beta]. Part II, presents a novel technology that incorporates electrophysiology into the AFM interface, enabling simultaneous imaging and complementary conductance measurements. The activity of ion channels is studied by various techniques, including patch clamp, free standing lipid bilayers, droplet interface bilayers, and supported lipid bilayers. However, direct correlation with channel structures has remained a challenge. The integrated atomic force microscopy system presented offers a solution to this challenge. The functionality of the system is demonstrated with an Sf9 membrane plaque containing Cx26.
Author : Victor J Morris
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 190897821X
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Atomic Force Microscopy For Biologists (2nd Edition) written by Victor J Morris and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is part of a range of emerging microscopic methods for biologists which offer the magnification range of both the light and electron microscope, but allow imaging under the 'natural' conditions usually associated with the light microscope. To biologists, AFM offers the prospect of high resolution images of biological material, images of molecules and their interactions even under physiological conditions, and the study of molecular processes in living systems. This book provides a realistic appreciation of the advantages and limitations of the technique and the present and future potential for improving the understanding of biological systems.The second edition of this bestseller has been updated to describe the latest developments in this exciting field, including a brand new chapter on force spectroscopy. The dramatic developments of AFM over the past ten years from a simple imaging tool to the multi-faceted, nano-manipulating technique that it is today are conveyed in a lively and informative narrative, which provides essential reading for students and experienced researchers alike./a
Author : Toshio Ando
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3662647850
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (626 download)
Download or read book High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy in Biology written by Toshio Ando and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-23 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book on high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is intended for students and biologists who want to use HS-AFM in their research. It provides straightforward explanations of the principle and techniques of AFM and HS-AFM. Numerous examples of HS-AFM studies on proteins demonstrate how to apply this new form of microscopy to specific biological problems. Several precautions for successful imaging and the preparation of cantilever tips and substrate surfaces will greatly benefit first-time users of HS-AFM. In turn, the instrumentation techniques detailed in Chapter 4 can be skipped, but will be useful for engineers and scientists who want to develop the next generation of high-speed scanning probe microscopes for biology. The book is intended to facilitate the first-time use of this new technique, and to inspire students and researchers to tackle their own specific biological problems by directly observing dynamic events occurring in the nanoscopic world. Microscopy in biology has recently entered a new era with the advent of high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). Unlike optical microscopy, electron microscopy, and conventional slow AFM, it allows us to directly observe biological molecules in physiological environments. Molecular “movies” created using HS-AFM can directly reveal how molecules behave and operate, without the need for subsequent complex analyses and roundabout interpretations. It also allows us to directly monitor morphological change in live cells, and dynamic molecular events occurring on the surfaces of living bacteria and intracellular organelles. As HS-AFM instruments were recently commercialized, in the near future HS-AFM is expected to become a common tool in biology, and will enhance and accelerate our understanding of biological phenomena.
Author : James Eric Shaw
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780494393802
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (938 download)
Download or read book Studies of Protein-protein Interactions at Membrane Interfaces Using Correlated Atomic Force and Fluorescence Microscopy written by James Eric Shaw and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Processes occurring at membrane interfaces are important for cellular and biological functions. The inability to readily crystallize membrane proteins for X-ray diffraction, or in solution NMR to study proteins with large molecular weight and to retain all intramolecular structures of the membrane proteins during their solubilisation process by detergents are the key reasons for a scarcity of atomic-resolution membrane protein structures. This has hindered our understanding of the structure-function relationship of membrane proteins. New strategies for studying membrane proteins will provide more insights. In this thesis, we have coupled atomic force microscopy and two fluorescence microscopy techniques---total internal reflectance fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, to visualize protein-membrane interactions and dynamics in model membrane systems. To validate our correlated approach, we investigated the partitioning of various lipid fluorescent probes in phase-separated supported planar bilayers. We applied the same methodology in two case studies of peptide-membrane interactions in supported planar bilayers: (1) indolicidin, a cationic 13 amino-acid peptide isolated from bovine neutrophils, as a model of antimicrobial peptide-membrane interactions, and (2) NAP-22 peptide, a cationic myristoylated peptide crucial for neuronal growth and plasticity, as a model of protein-induced lipid recruitment. Using this combined AFM-fluorescence approach with supported planar bilayers, we showed that: (1) the attachment of a fluorescent dye molecule can alter the physical properties of the host lipid and inhibit the lipid-dye conjugate from associating with raft domains, (2) indolicidin preferentially associates with the more disordered fluid domain and induces gel domain lowering in a concentration- and lipid-dependent manner, and (3) NAP-22 peptide induces coalescence of raft domains at low peptide concentration and phase-immersion at high peptide concentration resulting the co-localization of cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol biphosphates. This work demonstrates the versatility of a combined AFM-fluorescence approach as well as its limitations of the current configurations.
Author : Qiu-Xing Jiang
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429866542
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)
Download or read book New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes written by Qiu-Xing Jiang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-18 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes describes some of the latest methods used to investigate the dynamic distribution of specific lipids in membranes and their effects on other membrane components. The contributors present important discoveries with respect to lipid analysis and lipid interactions with membrane proteins. Various methods, which have been used to study lipid bilayer structure and lipid organization in membranes, include both in vitro and in vivo membrane systems, and study membrane proteins in various membrane systems. Key Features: Reviews both in vivo and in vitro analytical technologies and methods for studying membrane structure and function Explores how lipid bilayers and membrane proteins interact Includes contributions from an international team of researchers actively studying membrane structure and function Identifies various diseases whose causes are related to membrane proteins Related Titles: Christopher R. Jacobs, Hayden Huang, and Ronald Y. Kwon. Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology (ISBN 978-0-8153-4425-4) Wendell Lim and Bruce Mayer. Cell Signaling: Principles and Mechanisms (ISBN 978-0-8153-4244-1) Stephen Rothman. Proteins Crossing Membranes: A Scientist’s Memoir (978-0-3670-7449-4)
Author : Mohamed Husain
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (864 download)
Download or read book High Speed Atomic Forc Microscopy, for the Study of Structure and Dynamics of Membrane Proteins written by Mohamed Husain and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atomic force microscope (AFM) has become a fundamental and efficient technique in studying the structure and dynamics of the membrane proteins. The AFM allows the users to obtain high resolution images (sub-molecular range) at physiological conditions of the native biological molecules. The conventional AFM requires several minutes to obtain a single image. This frame rate is too slow to directly observe the dynamic structural changes like pH induced gating mechanisms etc. and dynamic biochemical process like protein-protein interactions etc. High speed atomic force microscope (HS-AFM) addresses these issues and facilitates faster imaging at a live video rate. During the HS-AFM imaging, some difficulties arise such as uneven contrast of the images, drift due to the piezo in the scanner. Also for better understanding of the motion of the membrane proteins, it is required to localize the molecules and generate motion tracks of these protein molecules. In this thesis, I have developed a JAVA-based HS-AFM image analysis and treatment package, which is integrated in the ImageJ image analysis platform, where it is possible to overcome the imaging difficulties and better analysis of the sample membrane protein molecules. Next, I applied HS-AFM as an imaging tool to study the OmpG channel protein, from the Eschericia coli. The pH induced opening and the closing of the channel are imaged at video rate. Finally, I studied the vesicular photosynthetic membranes from Rhodospirillum photometricum. The resulting high resolution live movies of the biological processes show us how these membrane proteins interact in the native environment.
Author : Daniel Mark Czajkowsky
Publisher : Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (458 download)
Download or read book Structural Studies of Membranes and Membrane Proteins with Atomic Force Microscopy written by Daniel Mark Czajkowsky and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 2000 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical Unfolding of Membrane Proteins Captured with Single-molecule AFM Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique that enables to study biological macromolecules and dynamic biological processes at different scales. It is an excellent tool for imaging of biological objects under various conditions at a nanometer resolution. Force mode of AFM, so called single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), allows for investigation of the strength of molecular interactions of different origins established between and within biological molecules. In the present work, SMFS was used to detect and locate structurally and functionally important interactions of sodium/glycine betaine transporter BetP of Corynebacterium glutamicum, which serves as a model system for this class of proteins. Mechanical pulling of BetP molecules embedded into the lipid membranes resulted in a step-wise unfolding of the protein and revealed insights into its structural stability. Effect of the lipid environment, N- and C-terminal extensions on inramolecular interactions of BetP as well as protein activation and ligand binding were investigated in great detail. In another part of this work, I demonstrate an application of the AFM based technique that can record unfolding of a protein under force-clamp conditions. This method directly measures the kinetics of the protein unfolding, allowing for the use of simple methods to analyze the data. For the first time the force-clamp technique was used to describe in detail unfolding kinetics of the membrane protein, i. e. Na+/H+-antiporter NhaA from Escherichia coli. Performed here experiments on NhaA in its functionally active and inactive states demonstrated the advantages of examining unfolding kinetics at the single-molecule level. It was possible to observe unfolding events for pH-activated conformation of NhaA that due to the low frequency of occurrence were not represented in the ensemble average of the single-molecule measurements. As mechanical unfolding, similarly to bond rupture, is a force-dependent process, forc.
Author : Hongda Wang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811068232
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Membrane Biophysics written by Hongda Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights recent advances in and diverse techniques for exploring the plasma membrane’s structure and function. It starts with two chapters reviewing the history of membrane research and listing recent advances regarding membrane structure, such as the semi-mosaic model for red blood cell membranes and the protein layer-lipid-protein island model for nucleated tissue cell membranes. It subsequently focuses on the localization and interactions of membrane components, dynamic processes of membrane transport and transmembrane signal transduction. Classic and cutting-edge techniques (e.g. high-resolution atomic force microscopy and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy) used in biophysics and chemistry are presented in a very comprehensive manner, making them useful and accessible to both researchers in the field and novices studying cell membranes. This book provides readers a deeper understanding of the plasma membrane’s organization at the single molecule level and opens a new way to reveal the relationship between the membrane’s structure and functions, making it essential reading for researchers in various fields.
Author : Luca Panconi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1003823130
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Methods for Imaging Cell Membranes written by Luca Panconi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-21 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: · Measuring membrane protein distributions using single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) · Measuring membrane protein dynamics and diffusion using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) · Mapping membrane lipid backing using environmentally sensitive fluorescence probes · Mapping membrane thickness and rigidity using atomic force microscopy · Mapping membrane proteins and the cytoskeleton using electron microscopy
Author : Yves Dufrene
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 981426797X
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (142 download)
Download or read book Life at the Nanoscale written by Yves Dufrene and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceeding from basic fundamentals to applications, this volume provides a comprehensive overview of the use of AFM and related scanning probe microscopies for cell surface analysis. It covers all cell types, from viruses and protoplasts to bacteria and animal cells. It also discusses a range of advanced AFM modalities, including high-resolution imaging, nanoindentation measurements, recognition imaging, and single-molecule and single-cell force spectroscopy. The book covers methodologies for preparing and analyzing cells and membranes of all kinds and highlights recent examples to illustrate the power of AFM techniques in life sciences and nanomedicine.
Author : Bhanu P. Jena
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470007699
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Force Microscopy written by Bhanu P. Jena and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-07-11 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete examination of the uses of the atomic force microscope in biology and medicine This cutting-edge text, written by a team of leading experts, is the first detailed examination of the latest, most powerful scanning probe microscope, the atomic force microscope (AFM). Using the AFM, in combination with conventional tools and techniques, readers gain a profound understanding of the cell, subcellular organelles, and biomolecular structure and function. The text begins with three chapters describing the molecular machinery and mechanism of cell secretion and membrane fusion in cells, using approaches that combine AFM, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, photon correlation spectroscopy, molecular biology, biochemistry, and electrophysiology. The discovery of a new cellular structure the "porosome" or fusion pore--the cells secretory machinery, the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion in cells, and the expulsion of intravesicular contents during cell secretion are outlined in the first three chapters. The book also covers: * Identification of the "porosome" in the growth hormone secreting cell of the pituitary gland * Probing the structural and physical properties of microbial cell surfaces * Scanning probe microscopic characterization of the higher plant cell wall and its components * Case studies of nano drug delivery systems using engineered dendrimers * AFM techniques for studying living cells * Investigating the intermolecular forces of leukocyte adhesion molecules * Protein-protein interactions * Micromechanical properties of lipid bilayers and vesicles The text concludes with four chapters that examine new and emerging approaches in the use of force microscopy in biology and medicine. This text is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in cell and molecular biology, genetics, genomics, physiology, neuroscience, biophysics, and biochemistry. Not only does it provide the theory, but also practical considerations such as the selection of the right tools and approach.
Author : Jean-Luc Popot
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319731483
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions written by Jean-Luc Popot and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to be entirely devoted to the challenging art of handling membrane proteins out of their natural environment, a key process in biological and pharmaceutical research, but one plagued with difficulties and pitfalls. Written by one of the foremost experts in the field, Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions is accessible to any member of a membrane biology laboratory. After presenting the structure, functions, dynamics, synthesis, natural environment and lipid interactions of membrane proteins, the author discusses the principles of extracting them with detergents, the mechanisms of detergent-induced destabilization, countermeasures, and recent progress in developing detergents with weaker denaturing properties. Non-conventional alternatives to detergents, including bicelles, nanodiscs, amphipathic peptides, fluorinated surfactants and amphipols, are described, and their relative advantages and drawbacks are compared. The synthesis and solution properties of the various types of amphipols are presented, as well as the formation and properties of membrane protein/amphipol complexes and the transfer of amphipol-trapped proteins to detergents, nanodiscs, lipidic mesophases, or living cells. The final chapters of the book deal with applications: membrane protein in vitro folding and cell-free expression, solution studies, NMR, crystallography, electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, amphipol-mediated immobilization of membrane proteins, and biomedical applications. Important features of the book include introductory sections describing foundations as well as the state-of-the-art for each of the biophysical techniques discussed, and topical tables which organize a widely dispersed literature. Boxes and annexes throughout the book explain technical aspects, and twelve detailed experimental protocols, ranging from in vitro folding of membrane proteins to single-particle electron cryomicroscopy, have been contributed by and commented on by experienced users. Membrane Proteins in Aqueous Solutions offers a concise, accessible introduction to membrane protein biochemistry and biophysics, as well as comprehensive coverage of the properties and uses of conventional and non-conventional surfactants. It will be useful both in basic and applied research laboratories and as a teaching aid for students, instructors, researchers, and professionals within the field.
Author : Ingeborg Schmidt-Krey
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781071613931
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Structure and Function of Membrane Proteins written by Ingeborg Schmidt-Krey and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines detailed experimental and computational approaches for the analysis of many aspects vital to the understanding of membrane protein structure and function. Readers will receive guidance on the selection and use of methods for over-expression and purification, tools to characterize membrane proteins within different phospholipid bilayers, direction on functional studies, and approaches to determine the structures of membrane proteins. Detailed experimental steps for specific membrane proteins with critical notes allow the protocols to be modified to different systems. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of practical information and implementation advice that leads to excellent, reproducible results. Authoritative and up-to-date, Structure and Function Studies of Membrane Proteins serves as an ideal guide for biologists, biochemists, and biophysicists striving to further understand these essential proteins and their many biological roles.
