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Mediators And Drugs In Gastrointestinal Motility Morphological Basis And Neurophysiological Control
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Book Synopsis Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility I by :
Download or read book Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility I written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the exhaustive Handbook of Physiology (Alimentary Canal, Section 6, Motility) edited by CHARLES F. CODE in 1968, no complete survey of the morphological basis and the physiological control of intestinal motility has been published, in spite of the enormous amount of new data in the literature on this topic. The new techniques and methodologies, the use of electron microscopy, radioimmunoassay and binding techniques, as weIl as ever more sophisticated electrophysiological procedures have made possible areal flood of discoveries in this field. Moreover, the possibility ofnew studies ofthe endocrine cells in biopsies of human intestinal mucosa even during routine endoscopies, has opened new horizons for gastroenterologists and generated a number of important contribu tions to our knowledge of the morphology and physiopathology of the gut. As usual, new discoveries have also revealed both ignorance and many new problems. For tbis reason, although many of the data reported in this volume can be considered as firmly established, others still require confirmation, and the results of new research in this field are awaited with extreme interest. Since advances are occurring so rapidly, even experts in the specific topics need frequent comprehensive reviews. To avoid an excessively large volume, considera tions ofthe pancreas, liver, and biliary system were not included in this Handbook, which, nevertheless, has attempted to off er the reader the essence of more than 1,500 papers.
Book Synopsis Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility I by :
Download or read book Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility I written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982-06-01 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the exhaustive Handbook of Physiology (Alimentary Canal, Section 6, Motility) edited by CHARLES F. CODE in 1968, no complete survey of the morphological basis and the physiological control of intestinal motility has been published, in spite of the enormous amount of new data in the literature on this topic. The new techniques and methodologies, the use of electron microscopy, radioimmunoassay and binding techniques, as weIl as ever more sophisticated electrophysiological procedures have made possible areal flood of discoveries in this field. Moreover, the possibility ofnew studies ofthe endocrine cells in biopsies of human intestinal mucosa even during routine endoscopies, has opened new horizons for gastroenterologists and generated a number of important contribu tions to our knowledge of the morphology and physiopathology of the gut. As usual, new discoveries have also revealed both ignorance and many new problems. For tbis reason, although many of the data reported in this volume can be considered as firmly established, others still require confirmation, and the results of new research in this field are awaited with extreme interest. Since advances are occurring so rapidly, even experts in the specific topics need frequent comprehensive reviews. To avoid an excessively large volume, considera tions ofthe pancreas, liver, and biliary system were not included in this Handbook, which, nevertheless, has attempted to off er the reader the essence of more than 1,500 papers.
Book Synopsis Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility: Morphological basis and neurophysiological control by : H. G. Baumgarten
Download or read book Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility: Morphological basis and neurophysiological control written by H. G. Baumgarten and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility II by :
Download or read book Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility II written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume places more emphasis on endogenous mediators of gut motility than on drugs used to treat patients with deranged motility. In this respect it resembles most other books on gastroenterology, for while only a relatively small number of drugs are really useful for a rational therapy, a tremendous amount of data is available on neural and hormonal factors regulating the motility of the alimentary canal. Moreover, it must be considered that some of the drugs which can routinely be employed to modify deranged motility of the digestive system are represented by pure or slightly modified endogenous compounds (e. g. , cholecystokinin, its C terminal octapeptide and caerulein), and it is easy to foresee that their number is destined to increase in the near future. Other drugs are simply antagonists of physiological substances acting on specific receptors (e. g. , histamine H -blockers 2 and opioid compounds). The real explosion of research in this field and the extreme specialization often connected with the use of very sophisticated techniques and methodologies would probably have required a larger number of experts to cover some very specific fields from both an anatomical (lower esophageal sphincter, stomach, pylorus, small and large intestine) and a biochemical (hormones, candidate hormones, locally active substances, neurotransmitters etc. ) point of view.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion by : A. Bennett
Download or read book Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion written by A. Bennett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geriatrics 2 written by D. Platt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Antituberculosis Drugs by : Karl Bartmann
Download or read book Antituberculosis Drugs written by Karl Bartmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals specifically with those antituberculosis drugs which passed the preclinical phase and have been or are used in the treatment of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases (except leprosy) in at least some parts of the world. Despite this restriction, there are 14 such drugs, and as a result this volume has reached rather large proportions. To prevent it from becoming even larger and more unwidely, most derivatives of antituberculotics have been omitted, especially where it is claimed that they provide only better bioavailibility or tolerability. Only in the chapter on the chemotherapy of diseases due to so-called atypical mycobacteria is the clinical use of the drugs described to a certain extent. In addition to antituberculotics, also discussed are antimicrobials which have been found to be effective against these mycobacteria. The sequence in which the drugs are described is historical, reflecting not the time of discovery but rather the first clinical application. This order was selected for reasons which are now no longer relevant. In this volume less emphasis is placed on detection, biological or synthetic production of antituberculotics, and structure-activity relationships. In contrast, emphasis is put on the degree, type, and mechanism of antimyco bacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, and biotransformation in animals and man, on experimental pharmacodynamics, and on the toxicity of antituberculotics used therapeutically.
Book Synopsis Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation I by :
Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation I written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestine, particularly the small bowel, represents a large surface (in the adult 2 human approximately 200m ) through which the body is exposed to its environment. A vigorous substrate exchange takes place across this large surface: nutrients and xenobiotics are absorbed from the lumen into the bloodstream or the lymph, and simultaneously, the same types of substrate pass back into the lumen. The luminal surface of the intestine is lined with a "leaky" epithelium, thus the passage of the substrates, in either direction, proceeds via both transcellular and intercellular routes. Simple and carrier-mediated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, phagocytosis and persorption are all involved in this passage across the intestinal wall. The term "intestinal permeation" refers to the process of passage of various substances across the gut wall, either from the lumen into the blood or lymph, or in the opposite direction. "Permeability" is the condition of the gut which governs the rate of this complex two-way passage. The pharmacologist's interest in the problem of intestinal permeation is twofold: on the one hand, this process determines thebioavailability of drugs and contributes significantly to the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xeno biotics; on the other hand, the pharmacodynamic effects of many drugs are manifested in a significant alteration of the physiological process of intestinal permeation.
Book Synopsis Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II by :
Download or read book Pharmacology of Intestinal Permeation II written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intestine, particularly the small bowel, represents a large surface (in the adult 2 human approximately 200 m ) through which the body is exposed to its environ ment. A vigorous substrate exchange takes place across this large surface: nutrients and xenobiotics are absorbed from the lumen into the bloodstream or the lymph, and simultaneously, the same types of substrate pass back into the lumen. The luminal surface of the intestine is lined with a "leaky" epithelium, thus the passage of the substrates, in either direction, proceeds via both transcellular and intercellular routes. Simple and carrier-mediated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis, phagocytosis and persorption are all involved in this passage across the intestinal wall. The term "intestinal permeation" refers to the process of passage of various substances across the gut wall, either from the lumen into the blood or lymph, or in the opposite direction. "Permeability" is the condition of the gut which governs the rate of this complex two-way passage. The pharmacologist's interest in the problem of intestinal permeation is twofold: on the one hand, this process determines the bioavailability of drugs and contributes significantly to the pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xeno biotics; on the other hand, the pharmacodynamic effects of many drugs are manifested in a signigicant alteration of the physiological process of intestinal permeation.
Book Synopsis Autonomic and Enteric Ganglia by : A.G. Karczmar
Download or read book Autonomic and Enteric Ganglia written by A.G. Karczmar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1960s, Dr. Alexander G. Karczmar, Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics at the Stritch School of Medicine of the Medical Center at Loyola University of Chicago, was confronted with a certain technical problem concerning his studies of synaptic transmission by means of microelectrode methods. He thought that the problem might be resolved if he could interest a microelectrode expert such as Dr. Kyozo Koketsu in his studies. Dr. Koketsu was a past member of the Faculty of the Kurume University School of Medicine who as a Research Fellow at the Australian National University had helped Sir John Eccles, subse quently a Nobel Prize winner, in developing microelectrode procedures. After further considering the matter, Dr. Karczmar was pleasantly sur prised to discover that by coincidence Dr. Koketsu was his neighbor, serving at that time as a Research Professor at the Neuropsychiatry Institute of the University of Illinois, College of Medicine of Chicago. This was the beginning of a long relationship, as Dr. Koketsu joined Dr. Karczmar at Loyola as Professor of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Director of the Neurophysiology Laboratory at the Stritch School of Medicine. It was not long before Dr. Syogoro Nishi-Dr. Koketsu's former colleague on the Faculty of Medicine at Kurume University, and at that time a Research Fellow in Neurophysiology at the Rockefeller Institute in New York joined Drs. Koketsu and Karczmar at Loyola. Although in due time Drs.
Download or read book Antimalarial Drug II written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The construction of this volume has been guided by two personal convictions. Experience in the field of experimental chemotherapy, both in the pharmaceutical industry and academia, has convinced us that recent quantum technological advances in biochemistry, molecular biology, and immunology will permit and, indeed, necessitate an increasingly greater use of rational drug development in the future than has been the custom up to now. In Part l, therefore, we asked our contributors to provide detailed reviews covering the biology of the malaria parasites and their relation with their hosts, the experimental procedures including culture techniques that are necessary to take a drug from primary screening to clinical trial, and an account of antimalarial drug resistance. Our second conviction is that many research workers are all too loath to learn from the lessons of the past. For this reason we asked the contributors to Part 2 of this volume to review very thoroughly the widely scattered but voluminous literature on those few chemical groups that have provided the antimalarial drugs in clinical use at the present time. Much can be learned from the history of their development and the problems that have arisen with them in man. Some indeed may still have much to offer if they can be deployed in better ways than they are at present. This question has been taken up by several authors.
Book Synopsis Antitumor Drug Resistance by : Brian W. Fox
Download or read book Antitumor Drug Resistance written by Brian W. Fox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of tumour resistance to anticancer drugs has been the subject of many publications since the initial discovery of the phenomenon by J. H. Burchenal and colleagues in 1950. Many papers have been published since then reporting development of resistance to most of the well-known anticancer agents in many different animal tumour systems, both in vivo and in vitro. Many different mechanisms of resistance have been described, and it is clear that the tumour cell has a wide diversity of options in overcoming the cell-killing activity of these agents. Definition of the magnitude of the phenomenon in the clinic is, however, much more problematical, and it is with this in mind that the initial chapter, seeks to out line the problem as the clinicians see it. It appears that the phenomenon of true resistance to a drug, as the biochemist would recognise it, is an important cause of the failure which clinicians experience in treating the disease. The extent of the contribution of this phenomenon to the failure of treatment cannot easily be evaluated at the present time, but it is hoped that the development and application of new and more sophisticated techniques for the analysis of cellular sub populations may help to give a more exact estimate and to shed some light on the causes of failure of many of the present therapeutic techniques.
Book Synopsis Microbial Resistance to Drugs by : Lawrence E. Bryan
Download or read book Microbial Resistance to Drugs written by Lawrence E. Bryan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most often when the subject of antimicrobial resistance is discussed, the organizational emphasis is on individual antimicrobial agents or groups of agents. Thus we tend to see discussion of resistance to f3-lactams, tetracyclines, amino glycosides etc. In this book many of the authors were asked to emphasize the mechanism of resistance in their discussion and from that to show how susceptibility to various agents was affected. In part this was done to help emphasize the enormous contribution that the study of antimicrobial resistance has made to our understanding of fundamental physiologic and genetic processes in bacteria. When one looks back over the study of antimicrobial resistance, it is clear that it has been the birthplace of many fundamental advances in molecular biology and of an appreciation of the role of many key functions in the life of a bacterium. In addition, and hopefully to an increasing extent in the future, such study has also contributed to advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy. Through out the book resistance mechanisms have been placed in perspective as to their significance as causes of resistance to key drugs or groups of drugs. Some are of much greater significance than others in terms of the prevalence or the degree of resistance produced. Whatever their numerical significance, however, each of the mechanisms, without question, throws light on fundamental cellular processes and the way in which they interact with antimicrobial agents.
Book Synopsis Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility by : Giulio Bertaccini
Download or read book Mediators and Drugs in Gastrointestinal Motility written by Giulio Bertaccini and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiocontrast Agents written by M. Sovak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrast media are drugs by default. Had there been no default, there would be no need for a related pharmacology, and thus no need for this book. Radiographic contrast media (CM) are substances whose primary purpose is to enhance diagnostic information of medical imaging systems. The position of CM in pharmacology is unique. First, there is the unusual requirement of biological inertness. An ideal CM should be completely biologically inert, i.e., stable, not pharmacologically active, and efficiently and innocuously excretable. Because they fail to meet these requirements, CM must be considered drugs. The second unusual aspect of CM is that they are used in large quantities, their annual production being measured in tens of tons. It is not in spite of, but because of, the increased use of new radiographic systems, computed tomography, digital radiography, etc., that consumption is on the rise. And, it is not likely that the other emerging imaging modalities - NMR, ultrasonography, etc. - will displace radiographic CM soon; it is quite probable that these remarkable compounds will continue to play an active role in diagnostic imaging in the foreseeable future.
Book Synopsis Toxicology of Inhaled Materials by : H.P. Witschi
Download or read book Toxicology of Inhaled Materials written by H.P. Witschi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the methods and scientific basis of inhalation toxicology. It describes devices and facilities needed to expose animals to inhaled particles and gases as well as approaches to estimating or measuring the fraction of the inhaled material that is retained in the respiratory tract. The book then reviews the evergrowing repertoire of techniques that can be used to measure the responses elicited by the exposure. Quantitative and qualitative anatomical, physiological, and biochemical strategies are discussed in detail. We believe that the toxicology of inhaled materials is an important and timely topic for several'reasons. During the past decade, morbidity and mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease have significantly decreased. Progress in combatting cancer, the second most important cause of death, has been slower, and lung cancer actually became the leading cause of death in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. In addition, the incidence of non-neo plastic respiratory diseases such as emphysema, fibrosis, and chronic bronchitis has increased the past decade. In the United States, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has recently reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease affects nearly 10 miliion persons and accounts for 59,000 deaths yearly; indeed, it ranks as the fifth leading cause of death. Because the incidence is increasing, the NIH estimates that it may become the nation's fourth or even third leading cause of death by the year 2000.
Download or read book Antibiotics written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
