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Mechanisms Underlying The Pharmacologic Reversal Of Genetic And Epigenetic Components Of Tumor Suppressor Gene Silencing In Human Breast Cancer
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Book Synopsis Mechanisms Underlying the Pharmacologic Reversal of Genetic and Epigenetic Components of Tumor Suppressor Gene Silencing in Human Breast Cancer by :
Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying the Pharmacologic Reversal of Genetic and Epigenetic Components of Tumor Suppressor Gene Silencing in Human Breast Cancer written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In women, tumors of the breast remain the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. One of the hallmarks of carcinogenesis is the abnormal silencing of tumor supprsssor genes by both genetic and epigenetic alterations, leading to defects in cell-cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis and cell adhesion. This dissertation focuses on the elucidation of the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with tumor suppressor gene silencing in human epithelial breast tumor cells, and the development of pharmacologic strategies aimed at reversing these types of repression through gene therapy and chromatin remodeling. Desmocollin 3 (DSC3) and MASPIN are anti-metastatic tumor suppressor genes that are silenced in a large percentage of breast tumors via aberrant DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation of their promoters. DSC3 and MASPIN are also p53-target genes, requiring its transcriptional activation to promote normal expression levels, yet a significant fraction of breast tumor cell lines express mutant forms of p53. Adenoviral-mediated re-introduction of wild type (wt) p53 into mutant p53-expressing breast tumor cells resulted in significant up-regulation of DSC3 and MASPIN expression, although not to the levels seen in normal breast epithelial cells. Mechanistically, the addition of wt p53 to these tumor cells resulted in increased histone acetylation and enhanced chromatin accessibility of the DSC3 and MASPIN promoters, despite continued cytosine hypermethylation. Pre-treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) prior to wt p53 addition produced synergistic reactivation of both DSC3 and MASPIN in breast cancer cells, approaching their levelsin normal mammary cells. However, 5-aza-CdR did not significantly reduce DNA methylation in many cases as originally theorized. Therefore, follow-up studies focused on the identification of alternative, novel mechanisms of 5-aza-CdR-mediated induction of epigenetically silenced genes, finding that it consistently reduced transcriptionally repressive histone H3 lysine 9 (K9) methylation levels in the promoter regions of both DSC3 and MASPIN in breast tumor cells, by mediating global decreases in the histone H3 K9 methyltransferase, G9A. In summary, these results clearly show that cancer treatments targeting both genetic and epigenetic facets of gene regulation may be a useful strategy towards the therapeutic transcriptional reprogramming of cancer cells.
Book Synopsis Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation by : Vincenzo E. A. Russo
Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms of Gene Regulation written by Vincenzo E. A. Russo and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many inheritable changes in gene function are not explained by changes in the DNA sequence. Such epigenetic mechanisms are known to influence gene function in most complex organisms and include effects such as transposon function, chromosome imprinting, yeast mating type switching and telomeric silencing. In recent years, epigenetic effects have become a major focus of research activity. This monograph, edited by three well-known biologists from different specialties, is the first to review and synthesize what is known about these effects across all species, particularly from a molecular perspective, and will be of interest to everyone in the fields of molecular biology and genetics.
Book Synopsis Therapeutic Insights From a Novel Breast Tumor Suppressor Pathway by :
Download or read book Therapeutic Insights From a Novel Breast Tumor Suppressor Pathway written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic gene silencing is a common element of breast cancers. The specific genes targeted and the mechanisms of silencing, and how these relate to disease progression and outcome, are not well understood. This research project has 1) identified a new breast tumor suppressor gene (RIN1) that is silenced in the majority of breast tumor cell lines and most tumor tissue samples tested; 2) begun to describe a breast tumor suppressor locus with three genes (B3GNT6; BRMS1, RIN1) that appear to be coordinately silenced in breast cancer; 3) uncovered multiple mechanisms of gene silencing operating at this locus and 4) demonstrated the development of specific tumorigenic phenotypes resulting from loss of RIN1 expression.
Book Synopsis Searching the Epigenome for Novel Breast Cancer Tumor Suppressor by :
Download or read book Searching the Epigenome for Novel Breast Cancer Tumor Suppressor written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The initial proposal focused on developing technologies to uncover epigenetic changes that contribute to tumor development. The authors' initial attempts towards developing genome-wide approaches to identifying new genes silenced by epigenetic mechanisms encountered problems. However, their efforts to exploit epigenetic mechanisms of gene silencing to study tumor suppressor gene function have been very successful. Therefore, as they enter the second year of funding, they plan to capitalize on the success of the latter experiments in refocusing their efforts. Their new objectives will build upon the unanticipated advances that they have made in the use of RNAi to manipulate gene expression in mouse and human cell systems and in animal models to explore the role of epigenetic modifications in breast cancer progression. This report presents key accomplishments in the following areas: control of cellular senescence and the silencing of E2F target genes, analysis of the CBX7 oncogene, use of ribonucleic acid interference (RNAI) to suppress gene expression and produce tumor phenotypes in mice, and RNAI libraries and other new tools.
Book Synopsis Prodigia et monstra edita, a tempore instauratae relligionis, per reverendum virum D. Martinum Lutherum, usque ad ipsum beatum ex hac vita discessum by :
Download or read book Prodigia et monstra edita, a tempore instauratae relligionis, per reverendum virum D. Martinum Lutherum, usque ad ipsum beatum ex hac vita discessum written by and published by . This book was released on 1561 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer by : Michael Lübbert
Download or read book Epigenetic Therapy of Cancer written by Michael Lübbert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing knowledge about disturbances of epigenetic gene regulation in hematopoietic stem cell disorders is now being translated into treatment approaches that target the epigenetic defects pharmacologically. This book first presents the latest evidence regarding the epigenetic regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and hemoglobin production. The significance of DNA methylation abnormalities in hematopoietic disorders and of epigenetic disturbances in lung cancer and other solid tumors is then discussed. A major part of the book, however, relates specifically to the translation of basic research and drug development to clinical applications, and in this context both present and future clinical strategies are considered. Individual chapters are devoted to the use of DNA hypomethylating agents and chromatin-modifying agents, and the treatment of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors by means of epigenetic agents is discussed in detail.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis Epigenetics in Human Disease by : Trygve Tollefsbol
Download or read book Epigenetics in Human Disease written by Trygve Tollefsbol and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is one of the fastest growing fields of sciences, illuminating studies of human diseases by looking beyond genetic make-up and acknowledging that outside factors play a role in gene expression. The goal of this volume is to highlight those diseases or conditions for which we have advanced knowledge of epigenetic factors such as cancer, autoimmune disorders and aging as well as those that are yielding exciting breakthroughs in epigenetics such as diabetes, neurobiological disorders and cardiovascular disease. Where applicable, attempts are made to not only detail the role of epigenetics in the etiology, progression, diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases, but also novel epigenetic approaches to the treatment of these diseases. Chapters are also presented on human imprinting disorders, respiratory diseases, infectious diseases and gynecological and reproductive diseases. Since epigenetics plays a major role in the aging process, advances in the epigenetics of aging are highly relevant to many age-related human diseases. Therefore, this volume closes with chapters on aging epigenetics and breakthroughs that have been made to delay the aging process through epigenetic approaches. With its translational focus, this book will serve as valuable reference for both basic scientists and clinicians alike. Comprehensive coverage of fundamental and emergent science and clinical usage Side-by-side coverage of the basis of epigenetic diseases and their treatments Evaluation of recent epigenetic clinical breakthroughs
Book Synopsis Environmental Epigenetics by : L. Joseph Su
Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics written by L. Joseph Su and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.
Book Synopsis Epigenetics of Aging by : Trygve O. Tollefsbol
Download or read book Epigenetics of Aging written by Trygve O. Tollefsbol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-11 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have indicated that epigenetic processes may play a major role in both cellular and organismal aging. These epigenetic processes include not only DNA methylation and histone modifications, but also extend to many other epigenetic mediators such as the polycomb group proteins, chromosomal position effects, and noncoding RNA. The topics of this book range from fundamental changes in DNA methylation in aging to the most recent research on intervention into epigenetic modifications to modulate the aging process. The major topics of epigenetics and aging covered in this book are: 1) DNA methylation and histone modifications in aging; 2) Other epigenetic processes and aging; 3) Impact of epigenetics on aging; 4) Epigenetics of age-related diseases; 5) Epigenetic interventions and aging: and 6) Future directions in epigenetic aging research. The most studied of epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, has been associated with cellular aging and aging of organisms for many years. It is now apparent that both global and gene-specific alterations occur not only in DNA methylation during aging, but also in several histone alterations. Many epigenetic alterations can have an impact on aging processes such as stem cell aging, control of telomerase, modifications of telomeres, and epigenetic drift can impact the aging process as evident in the recent studies of aging monozygotic twins. Numerous age-related diseases are affected by epigenetic mechanisms. For example, recent studies have shown that DNA methylation is altered in Alzheimer’s disease and autoimmunity. Other prevalent diseases that have been associated with age-related epigenetic changes include cancer and diabetes. Paternal age and epigenetic changes appear to have an effect on schizophrenia and epigenetic silencing has been associated with several of the progeroid syndromes of premature aging. Moreover, the impact of dietary or drug intervention into epigenetic processes as they affect normal aging or age-related diseases is becoming increasingly feasible.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gene Therapy for Cancer by : Kelly K. Hunt
Download or read book Gene Therapy for Cancer written by Kelly K. Hunt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-26 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three sections of this volume present currently available cancer gene therapy techniques. Part I describes the various aspects of gene delivery. In Part II, the contributors discuss strategies and targets for the treatment of cancer. Finally, in Part III, experts discuss the difficulties inherent in bringing gene therapy treatment for cancer to the clinic. This book will prove valuable as the volume of preclinical and clinical data continues to increase.
Book Synopsis The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease by : Bharat B. Aggarwal
Download or read book The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease written by Bharat B. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-06 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medicinal uses of Curcumin (also called turmeric) have been known and described for more than 5000 years. A large body of recent research suggests that curcumin is potentially useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, through modulation of numerous molecular targets. This is the first monograph to focus on the potential use of curcumin in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, psoriasis and more.
Download or read book RNA Nanotechnology written by Bin Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-02 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few decades there has been incredible growth in "bionano"-related research, which has been accompanied by numerous publications in this field. Although various compilations address topics related to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein, there are few books that focus on determining the structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and using RNA as building blocks to construct nanoarchitectures for biomedical and healthcare applications. RNA Nanotechnology is a comprehensive volume that details both the traditional approaches and the latest developments in the field of RNA-related technology. This book targets a wide audience: a broad introduction provides a solid academic background for students, researchers, and scientists who are unfamiliar with the subject, while the in-depth descriptions and discussions are useful for advanced professionals. The book opens with reviews on the basic aspects of RNA biology, computational approaches for predicting RNA structures, and traditional and emerging experimental approaches for probing RNA structures. This section is followed by explorations of the latest research and discoveries in RNA nanotechnology, including the design and construction of RNA-based nanostructures. The final segment of the book includes descriptions and discussions of the potential biological and therapeutic applications of small RNA molecules, such as small/short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), RNA aptamers, and ribozymes.
Book Synopsis DNA Methylation and Cancer Therapy by : Moshe Szyf
Download or read book DNA Methylation and Cancer Therapy written by Moshe Szyf and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NA methylation has bewildered molecular biologists since Hotchkiss discovered it almost six decades ago (Hotchkiss RDJ. Biol Cem 1948; 175:315-332). The fact that the chemical structure of our D genome consists of two components that are covalently bound, the genetic information that is replicated by the DNA replication machinery ana DNA methylation that is maintainea by independent enzymatic machinery, has redictably stimulated the imagination and curiosity of generations of mo Edular biologists. An obvious question was whether DNA methylation was a bearer of additional information to the genetic information and what was the nature of this information? It was tempting to speculate that DNA me thylation applied some form of control over programming of the genome s expression profile. Once techniques to probe the methylation profile of whole genomes as well as specific genes became available, it became clear that DNA methylation patterns are gene and tissue specific and that patterns of gene expression correlate with patterns of methylation. DNA methylation pat terns emerged as the only component of the chemical structure of DNA that exhibited tissue and cell specificity. This data seemingly provided an attrac tively simple explanation for the longstanding dilemma of how could one identical genome manifest itself in so many different forms in multicellular organisms? The DNA methylation pattern has thus become the only known factor to confer upon DNA a unique cellular identity.
Book Synopsis Epigenetics and Metabolomics by : Paban K. Agrawala
Download or read book Epigenetics and Metabolomics written by Paban K. Agrawala and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Metabolomics, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic control of metabolic activity, and systems-based approaches for better understanding these mechanisms. Over a dozen chapter authors provide an overview of epigenetics in translational medicine and metabolomics techniques, followed by analyses of epigenetic and metabolomic linkage mechanisms likely to result in effective identification of disease biomarkers, as well as new therapies targeting the removal of the inappropriate epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic interventions in cancer, brain damage, and neuroendocrine disease, among other disorders, are discussed in-depth, with an emphasis on exploring next steps for clinical translation and personalized healthcare. - Offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic regulation of metabolic activity and systems-based approaches to power new research - Discusses epigenetic control of metabolic pathways and possible therapeutic targets for cancer, neurodegenerative, and neuroendocrine diseases, among others - Provides guidance in epigenomics and metabolomic research methodology
Book Synopsis Cancer and Noncoding RNAs by : Jayprokas Chakrabarti
Download or read book Cancer and Noncoding RNAs written by Jayprokas Chakrabarti and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer and Noncoding RNAs offers an in-depth exploration of noncoding RNAs and their role in epigenetic regulation of complex human disease, most notably cancer. In addition to examining microRNAs, this volume provides a unique evaluation of more recently profiled noncoding RNAs now implicated in carcinogenesis, including lncRNAs, piRNAs, circRNAs, and tRNAs, identifying differences in function between these noncoding RNAs and how they interact with the rest of the epigenome. A broad range of chapters from experts in the field detail epigenetic regulation of various cancer types, along with recent next generation sequencing technologies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and bioinformatics approaches. This book will help researchers in genomic medicine and cancer biology better understand the role of noncoding RNAs in epigenetics, aiding in the development of useful biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and new RNA-based disease therapies. - Provides a comprehensive analysis of noncoding RNAs implicated in epigenetic regulation of gene expression and chromatin dynamics - Educates researchers and graduate students by highlighting, in addition to miRNAs, a range of noncoding RNAs newly associated with carcinogenesis - Applies current knowledge of noncoding RNAs and epigenomics towards developing cancer and RNA-based disease therapies - Features contributions by leading experts in the field
