Mechanisms Of Mrna Post Transcriptional Regulation In Mammalian Oocytes

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Mechanisms of MRNA Post-transcriptional Regulation in Mammalian Oocytes

Author : Omar Karl Vieux
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms of MRNA Post-transcriptional Regulation in Mammalian Oocytes by : Omar Karl Vieux

Download or read book Mechanisms of MRNA Post-transcriptional Regulation in Mammalian Oocytes written by Omar Karl Vieux and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Precise regulation of gene expression is indispensable for proper cell function. This challenge is particularly complex in oocytes where transcription is active during growth but is undetectable in fully grown oocytes and during meiotic maturation. Transcripts required to drive oocyte maturation and early post-fertilization embryogenesis are therefore synthesized in growing oocytes and kept translationally silent until the appropriate time. RNA processing mechanisms play central roles in regulating translation and are indispensable for timely and successful oogenesis. In Manuscript I, an RNA processing mechanism is described in the oocyte. Maternal transcripts are categorized according to their poly(A) tail length at different stages of oocyte development. Type I and Type II transcripts are deadenylated and polyadenylated, respectively, during maturation. Type III transcripts are polyadenylated in the first half of maturation and deadenylated in the second half of maturation. CNOT6, a key component of the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, requires Pumilio and FBF binding elements (PBE) to deadenylate type III transcripts. Surprisingly however, the modulation of the poly(A) tail does not affect RNA translation and turnover in the oocyte. In Manuscript II, a novel type of RNP is described in cold-shocked oocytes. Inducible 18033 granules are identified as a novel type of stress granules whose formation is controlled by oocyte cell cycle regulators. More specifically, CDK1 activity prevents the formation of the granules at the later stages of maturation. A functional reporter gene assay also reveals a protective role for 18033 granules, preventing the non-reversible inhibition of translation in cold-shocked oocytes. The results described in this thesis highlight different facets of RNA metabolism in the oocyte and explore their role during maturation in producing eggs." --

mRNA Metabolism & Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation

Author : Joe B. Harford
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471142065
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis mRNA Metabolism & Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation by : Joe B. Harford

Download or read book mRNA Metabolism & Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation written by Joe B. Harford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-03-28 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: mRNA METABOLISM & POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL GENE REGULATION Edited by Joe B. Harford and David R. Morris Gene expression is a process that begins with the transcription ofDNA to an RNA messenger (mRNA), which is then translated into aprotein. Historically, attention has been focused on the regulationof RNA synthesis (transcription); however, there is a growingrecognition of and appreciation for the importance of the manyregulatory mechanisms that take place after RNA synthesis has beencompleted. mRNA Metabolism and Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation is thefirst comprehensive overview of the various modes of generegulation that exist post-transcriptionally. Collecting studies bysome of the top researchers in the field, this volume provides bothan up-to-date review of the complex "life" of an mRNA molecule andan introduction to current work on the diversity of mechanisms ofpost-transcriptional reactions. Topics covered include: * RNA structure * Mammalian RNA editing * RNA export from the nucleus * The fundamentals of translation initiation * Control of mRNA decay in plants * mRNA metabolism and cancer * Control of mRNA stability during herpes simplex virus infection * Regulation of mRNA expression in HIV-1 and other complexretroviruses * Nucleases * RNA localization A timely contribution to the understanding of genetic regulatorymechanisms, mRNA Metabolism and Post-Transcriptional GeneRegulation provides a basis from which potential therapeuticstrategies may be developed. This book will be of vital interest tocell and molecular biologists at all levels, from graduate studentsto senior investigators, clinical researchers, and professionals inthe pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.

Molecular Biology of the Cell

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780815332183
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of the Cell by :

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte

Author : Alan Trounson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107470293
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte by : Alan Trounson

Download or read book Biology and Pathology of the Oocyte written by Alan Trounson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The human egg - the rarest and most rapidly aging cell in the body - is a topic of intense scientific study. Assisted reproduction clinics are constantly vying to improve success rates - choosing the best gametes is a key step in this process. This new edition of what one reviewer of the first edition described as 'possibly the definitive work on the oocyte' covers the development, biology and pathology of the oocyte, and technologies to manipulate, enhance and control fertility. These technologies are used to overcome infertility, avoid inherited diseases, and create genetically engineered embryos from stem cells and cloning. This progress would have been impossible without the myriad of scientific and technical developments covered in this book. The new edition is thoroughly updated and includes major new research on reprogramming, oocyte molecular development, cryopreservation and viability. We are in exciting times for the egg.

Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation by MRNA Poly(A) Tails Across the Mammalian Oocyte-to-embryo Transition

Author : Katherine Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation by MRNA Poly(A) Tails Across the Mammalian Oocyte-to-embryo Transition by : Katherine Lee

Download or read book Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation by MRNA Poly(A) Tails Across the Mammalian Oocyte-to-embryo Transition written by Katherine Lee and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oocyte-to-embryo transition (OET) occurs in the absence of new transcription and relies on post-transcriptional gene regulation, including translational control by mRNA poly(A) tail regulation, where cytoplasmic polyadenylation activates translation and deadenylation leads to translational repression and decay. However, how the transcriptome-wide landscape of mRNA poly(A) tails shapes translation across the OET in mammals remains unknown. Here, we performed long-read RNA sequencing to uncover poly(A) tail lengths and mRNA abundance transcriptome-wide in mice across five stages of development from oocyte to embryo. Integrating these data with recently published ribosome profiling data, we demonstrate that poly(A) tail length is coupled to translational efficiency across the entire OET. We uncover an extended wave of global deadenylation during fertilization, which sets up a switch in translation control between the oocyte and embryo. In the oocyte, short-tailed maternal mRNAs that resist deadenylation in the oocyte are translationally activated, whereas large groups of mRNAs deadenylated without decay in the oocyte are later readenylated to drive translation activation in the early embryo. To investigate the mechanism, we have identified 3'UTR sequence motifs in activated and repressed transcripts and identified stage-specific candidates for RNA binding protein regulators. Our findings provide an important resource and insight into the mechanisms by which cytoplasmic polyadenylation and deadenylation dynamically shape poly(A) tail length in a stage-specific manner to orchestrate development from oocyte to embryo in mammals.

Translational Control of Maternal MRNA in Mouse Oocytes

Author : Edward Joseph Romasko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Translational Control of Maternal MRNA in Mouse Oocytes by : Edward Joseph Romasko

Download or read book Translational Control of Maternal MRNA in Mouse Oocytes written by Edward Joseph Romasko and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to other species, localized maternal mRNAs are not believed to be prominent features of mammalian oocytes. Due to the lack of transcription in the fully-grown oocyte, critical oocyte processes including cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, formation and maintenance of the meiotic metaphase spindles, maternal mRNA recruitment and degradation, fertilization and egg activation are all under post-transcriptional, translational, or post-translational control. Despite advances in understanding mechanisms regulating the translational control of cytoplasmic maternal mRNAs, it is unknown whether localized maternal mRNAs exist in mouse oocytes and what mechanisms are responsible for their control. Maternal mRNAs were isolated from metaphase II (MII) mouse oocytes, microsurgically-removed MII spindle-chromosome complexes, and enucleated MII oocytes and analyzed by cDNA microarray analysis. The analysis identified enrichment for maternal mRNAs encoding spindle and other proteins on the mouse oocyte metaphase II (MII) spindle. Maternal mRNAs involved in cellular compartments and processes related to the cytoskeleton, chromatin/nucleus, and cellular signaling were enriched on the MII spindle. Using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, MIS18A, a protein encoded by a spindle-localized maternal mRNA, was confirmed to be associated with the MII spindle along with components of the ribosome translational machinery. The key translational regulator, EIF4EBP1, was observed to undergo a dynamic and complex spatially regulated pattern of phosphorylation at sites that regulate its association with EIF4E and its ability to repress translation. These phosphorylation variants appeared at different positions along the spindle at different stages of meiosis. Overexpression of EIF4EBP1 mutants had a profound effect on the maintenance of MII arrest. Approximately 24% of oocytes expressing a phosphodeficient (Threonine 69 to Alanine) EIF4EBP1 mutant underwent spontaneous activation, suggesting EIF4EBP1 phosphorylation is important for translation of maternal mRNAs and maintenance of MII arrest. These results indicate that dynamic spatially restricted patterns of EIF4EBP1 phosphorylation may promote localized mRNA translation to support spindle formation, maintenance, function, and other nearby processes. Regulated EIF4EBP1 phosphorylation at the spindle may help coordinate spindle formation with progression through the cell cycle. The discovery that EIF4EBP1 may be part of an overall mechanism that integrates and couples cell cycle progression to mRNA translation and subsequent spindle formation and function may be relevant to understanding mechanisms leading to diminished oocyte quality, and potential means of avoiding such defects. The localization of maternal mRNAs at the spindle is evolutionarily conserved between mammals and other vertebrates and is also seen in mitotic cells, indicating that EIF4EBP1 control of localized mRNA translation is likely key to correct segregation of genetic material across cell types.

RNA Binding Proteins

Author : Kathryn Sandberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475764464
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis RNA Binding Proteins by : Kathryn Sandberg

Download or read book RNA Binding Proteins written by Kathryn Sandberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA binding proteins are an exciting area of research in gene regulation. A multitude of RNA-protein interactions are used to regulate gene expression including pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, editing, transport, cytoplasmic targeting, translation and mRNA turnover. In addition to these post-transcriptional processes, RNA-protein interactions play a key role in transcription as illustrated by the life cycle of retroviruses. Unlike DNA, the structure of RNA is highly variable and conformationally flexible, thus creating a number of unique binding sites and the potential for complex regulation by RNA binding proteins. Although there is a wide range of topics included in this volume, general themes have been repeated, highlighting the overall integrative nature of RNA binding proteins. The chapters have been separated into three different sections: Translational Control; mRNA Metabolism; and Hormonal and Homeostatic Regulation. The chapters of this volume were written with the seasoned investigator and student in mind. Summaries of key concepts are reviewed within each chapter as well as guiding questions that can be used to stimulate class discussions. The Editors of this volume hope that this compendium educates, enthralls, and stimulates the readers to look to the future possibilities in this rapidly evolving field.

Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Oocyte and Embryo Messenger RNA in Mouse Models of Diet-induced Obesity

Author : Fang Xie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339792477
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (924 download)

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Book Synopsis Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Oocyte and Embryo Messenger RNA in Mouse Models of Diet-induced Obesity by : Fang Xie

Download or read book Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Oocyte and Embryo Messenger RNA in Mouse Models of Diet-induced Obesity written by Fang Xie and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal obesity increases the risk of early embryonic loss and imposes long-term effects on the metabolic and neurologic phenotype of viable offspring. Previous studies have shown an association between female obesity and increases in abundance of candidate oocyte mRNAs; however, the mechanisms associated with this increase and the contribution of increased mRNAs on successful embryo development is unclear. Three studies were conducted to determine how female obesity, which promotes a low grade inflammatory and oxidative stress environment in the ovary, alters transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of candidate mRNAs in oocytes and determine if these increases are functionally important in the pre-implantation embryo. In study 1 we showed that diet induced obesity caused increased pro-inflammatory signaling in the ovary including in growing oocytes. This pro-inflammatory signaling resulted in increased association of STAT3 with the Pouf51 promoter suggesting that this interaction increased the transcription of Pou5f1. In addition, we made the novel discovery that changes in cecum microbial content was positively correlated to increased ovarian expression of Tnfa, Pou5f1, Dppa3, and Bnc1. In Study 2, we modified the single molecule RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FiSH) technique for use with oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. This FiSH method allowed us to accurately and reproducibly monitor changes in candidate mRNA localization and absolute quantity in growing and mature oocytes as well as pre-implantation embryos. In Study 3, we used the FiSH technique to investigate the impact of oxidative stress on post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA translation and degradation during oocyte maturation and embryonic development. These experiments demonstrated that oxidative stress impaired degradation of Pou5f1 and Dppa3 in maturing oocytes resulting in increased translation of POU5F1 and DPPA3 in 1-cell and 2-cell embryos, respectively. In summary these collective studies identified both transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes in oocyte mRNA abundance which may be attributed to alterations in the gut microbiome, ovarian inflammation and oxidative stress. These findings suggest that obesity-dependent alterations during oocyte maturation may have the potential to contribute to early adaptive programming in the embryo and that may result in lasting effects on fetal development and/or postnatal phenotype expression.

Oogenesis

Author : Marie-Helene Verlhac
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470687987
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis Oogenesis by : Marie-Helene Verlhac

Download or read book Oogenesis written by Marie-Helene Verlhac and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-04 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oogenesis - the process by which female germ cells develop into mature eggs, or ova - is a complex process involving many important elements of developmental and cellular biology: from cell-cell interactions, complex signalling cascades, specialized cell cycles and cytoskeleton organization. Oocytes from various species (including clam, starfish, xenopus and mouse) are excellent model systems to study the biochemistry of cell division with important implications for basic and clinical research. This book describes the entire process of oogenesis in chronological order with contributions from leading international researchers and chapters covering medical and ethical considerations in oogenic biology. Topics include sex determination and gonadal development, control of meiotic chromosome pairing and homologous recombination, control of meiotic divisions and the remodelling of the oocyte into a totipotent zygote as well as medically-assisted reproduction. This volume is an essential resource for all students, researchers and clinicians in developmental and reproductive biology. Key features: Reaches beyond the study of simply meiosis to cover all aspects of oogenesis Synthesizes recent advances in the field, drawing on studies from different model species Chapter sequence designed to follow the time line in vivo Written by an international panel of expert researchers

Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression

Author : Orna Resnekov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642609295
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression by : Orna Resnekov

Download or read book Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression written by Orna Resnekov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many important cellular processes rely on posttranscriptional control of gene expression. This book describes the mechanisms of gene expression at this level that occur in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Several introductory chapters discuss the general principles of translation and mRNA stability. The interactions of mature mRNA with the translational machinery, the components of mRNA degradation and antisense RNA are surveyed. Subsequent chapters discuss protein folding, transport, modification and degradation. The book is an invaluable source of information for both newcomers and those wishing an overview of the field.

Biology of the NMDA Receptor

Author : Antonius M. VanDongen
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142004415X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology of the NMDA Receptor by : Antonius M. VanDongen

Download or read book Biology of the NMDA Receptor written by Antonius M. VanDongen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NMDA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the central nervous system and in adult neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Therefore, it is not surprising that this receptor has been widely studied. However, despite the importance of rhythms for the sustenance of life, this aspect of NMDAR function remains poorly studied. Written

Localized RNAs

Author : Howard D. Lipshitz
Publisher : R G Landes Company
ISBN 13 : 9781570592768
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (927 download)

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Book Synopsis Localized RNAs by : Howard D. Lipshitz

Download or read book Localized RNAs written by Howard D. Lipshitz and published by R G Landes Company. This book was released on 1995 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Molecular Biology of RNA

Author : David Elliott
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019107103X
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of RNA by : David Elliott

Download or read book Molecular Biology of RNA written by David Elliott and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RNA plays a central, and until recently, somewhat underestimated role in the genetics underlying all forms of life on earth. This versatile molecule not only plays a crucial part in the synthesis of proteins from a DNA template, but is also intrinsically involved in the regulation of gene expression, and can even act as a catalyst in the form of a ribozyme. This latter property has led to the hypothesis that RNA - rather than DNA - could have played an essential part in the origin of life itself. This landmark text provides a systematic overview of the exciting and rapidly moving field of RNA biology. Key pioneering experiments, which provided the underlying evidence for what we now know, are described throughout, while the relevance of the subject to human disease is highlighted via frequent boxes. For the second edition of Molecular Biology of RNA, more introductory material has been incorporated at the beginning of the text, to aid students studying the subject for the first time. Throughout the text, new material has been included - particularly in relation to RNA binding domains, non-coding RNAs, and the connection between RNA biology and epigenetics. Finally, a new closing chapter discusses how exciting new technologies are being used to explore current topical areas of research.

Molecular Mechanisms Determining Mammalian Oocyte Quality

Author : Ahmed Z. Balboula
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303155163X
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms Determining Mammalian Oocyte Quality by : Ahmed Z. Balboula

Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms Determining Mammalian Oocyte Quality written by Ahmed Z. Balboula and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Oocytes

Author : Malgorzata Kloc
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331960855X
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Oocytes by : Malgorzata Kloc

Download or read book Oocytes written by Malgorzata Kloc and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-02 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines the most recent knowledge on the maternal, i.e. oocyte/egg-specific, molecules and processes. The volume covers the most recent advances in a plethora of subjects such as: maternal transfer of immunity, localized RNAs functions and mechanisms of RNA localization, transcriptional repression of maternal messages, maternal inheritance and maternal role of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, chromatin remodeling and epigenetic modifications, maternal function of nucleosomes, maternal mitochondria and energy supply, role of bacterial symbionts and their maternal transmission, acquisition of oocyte polarity and evolution of maternal effect genes, germ plasm and oosome origin and functions, mechanisms of oocyte activation and soma germ cells communication. Currently, no other book on the market combines such a comprehensive list of subjects in one volume. Moreover, the information provided is a cross-section through oocytes from various invertebrate and vertebrate species, which is another unique feature of this book. The readers, therefore, get a completely new and invaluable perspective on all covered subjects.

Untranslated Gene Regions and Other Non-coding Elements

Author : Lucy W. Barrett
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3034806795
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Untranslated Gene Regions and Other Non-coding Elements by : Lucy W. Barrett

Download or read book Untranslated Gene Regions and Other Non-coding Elements written by Lucy W. Barrett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now compelling evidence that the complexity of higher organisms correlates with the relative amount of non-coding RNA rather than the number of protein-coding genes. Previously dismissed as “junk DNA”, it is the non-coding regions of the genome that are responsible for regulation, facilitating complex temporal and spatial gene expression through the combinatorial effect of numerous mechanisms and interactions working together to fine-tune gene expression. The major regions involved in regulation of a particular gene are the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions and introns. In addition, pervasive transcription of complex genomes produces a variety of non-coding transcripts that interact with these regions and contribute to regulation. This book discusses recent insights into the regulatory roles of the untranslated gene regions and non-coding RNAs in the control of complex gene expression, as well as the implications of this in terms of organism complexity and evolution.

Translational Control of Gene Expression

Author : Nahum Sonenberg
Publisher : CSHL Press
ISBN 13 : 9780879696184
Total Pages : 1034 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (961 download)

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Book Synopsis Translational Control of Gene Expression by : Nahum Sonenberg

Download or read book Translational Control of Gene Expression written by Nahum Sonenberg and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control.