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Mechanisms For Exceptional Preservation In The Fezouata Lagerstatte Early Ordovician Morocco
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Book Synopsis Mechanisms for Exceptional Preservation in the Fezouata Lagerstätte (Early Ordovician, Morocco) by : Farid Saleh
Download or read book Mechanisms for Exceptional Preservation in the Fezouata Lagerstätte (Early Ordovician, Morocco) written by Farid Saleh and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fezouata Shale is the most diverse Lower Ordovician unit with exceptional fossil preservation. Fossils from this formation altered our understanding of early metazoan communities at the transition between the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation. The paleontology and the general sedimentological context of the Fezouata Shale are well established. However, little was done to understand the interaction between both, and studies regarding fossil preservation remain scarce. In this thesis, we investigate the general conditions and mechanisms responsible for soft-tissue preservation in the Fezouata Shale. Comparing brachiopod, bivalve, and trilobite size fluctuations between sites allowed us to constrain burial rates in this formation. This permitted the discovery of a relative post-mortem burial tardiness in sites where exceptional fossil preservation occurred. Moreover, mineralogical investigations showed a correlation between particular chlorite phases (i.e. chamosite/berthierine) and preserved soft parts. This mineralogy may have slowed down oxic decay and its deposition was most probably due to periods with high seasonality. Furthermore, we hypothesized for the first time, a possible implication of biomolecules (i.e. ferritin) in the preservation of soft parts. This, if confirmed, would resolve the observed discrepancies between the fossil record preserving nervous systems to the exclusion to everything else, and decay experiments showing that nervous tissues are among the first structures to decay and disappear in laboratory conditions. Additionally, we show that metamorphism was not operational in the Fezouata Shale. However, modern weathering leached organic material from surface sediments and transformed pyrite into iron oxides. This finding infers that the original mode of preservation of the Fezouata Shale comprises both carbonaceous compressions and accessory authigenic pyritization. The direct implication of this work was shown through a comparison of enigmatic patterns preserved in three groups of echinoderms. It appears that some of these patterns in eocrinoids and somasteroids do not reflect original anatomies and are preservation artifacts. However, it is certain that the structures preserved in stylophorans are real, closing a long-standing debate on the affinity of this animal group. Finally, a general comparison between the Fezouata Shale and Cambrian Lagerstätten allowed us to decipher the implication of the suggested taphonomic pathway on fossil preservation. It appears that the Fezouata Shale mechanism for preservation failed to preserve completely cellular organisms (e.g. chordates, ctenophores, medusoids) implying a possible underestimation of the original Fezouata Biota and confirming that the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation are one single episode of anatomical innovation. Thus, all these results have implications on understanding ecosystems, and evolution at the dawn of animal life and may contribute in the future to the development of a predictive approach for the discovery of exceptionally preserved biotas.
Book Synopsis The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China by : Xian-guag Hou
Download or read book The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang, China written by Xian-guag Hou and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2004-02-23 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chengjiang biota is one of the most remarkable fossil discoveries ever made. The Cambrian Fossils of Chengjiang is the first book in English to provide fossil enthusiasts with an overview of the fauna. 100 superb full color plates. First English language illustrated guide to this important fauna. A must-have for all palaeontologists worldwide. To see a collection of images from the book, click on the following link: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/chengjiang
Book Synopsis Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems by : Paul Selden
Download or read book Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems written by Paul Selden and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-03-15 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution of Fossil Ecosystems describes all of the main Fossil Lagerstätten (sites of exceptional fossil preservation) from around the world in a chronological order. It covers the history of research, stratigraphy and taphonomy, main faunal and floral elements, and the palaeoecology of each site and gives a comparison with coeval sites around the w
Book Synopsis The Burgess Shale by : Harry Blackmore Whittington
Download or read book The Burgess Shale written by Harry Blackmore Whittington and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event by : Barry D. Webby
Download or read book The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event written by Barry D. Webby and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-14 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two of the greatest evolutionary events in the history of life on Earth occurred during Early Paleozoic time. The first was the Cambrian explosion of skeletonized marine animals about 540 million years ago. The second was the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event," which is the focus of this book. During the 46-million-year Ordovician Period (489–443 m.y.), a bewildering array of adaptive radiations of "Paleozoic- and Modern-type" biotas appeared in marine habitats, the first animals (arthropods) walked on land, and the first non-vascular bryophyte-like plants (based on their cryptospore record) colonized terrestrial areas with damp environments. This book represents a compilation by a large team of Ordovician specialists from around the world, who have enthusiastically cooperated to produce this first globally orientated, internationally sponsored IGCP (International Geological Correlation Program) project on Ordovician biotas. The major part is an assembly of genus- and species-level diversity data for the many Ordovician fossil groups. The book also presents an evaluation of how each group diversified through Ordovician time, with assessments of patterns of change and rates of origination and extinction. As such, it will become the standard work and data source for biotic studies on the Ordovician Period.
Download or read book Animal Evolution written by Claus Nielsen and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2012 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using modern phylogenetic reasoning based on an extensive review of morphology, including ultrastructure, and embryology, each phylum is analysed to ascertain its monophyly and hence its ancestral characters.
Book Synopsis Why Size Matters by : John Tyler Bonner
Download or read book Why Size Matters written by John Tyler Bonner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-12-05 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why size plays such a big role in the living world John Tyler Bonner, one of our most distinguished and creative biologists, here offers a completely new perspective on the role of size in biology. In his hallmark friendly style, he explores the universal impact of being the right size. By examining stories ranging from Alice in Wonderland to Gulliver's Travels, he shows that humans have always been fascinated by things big and small. Why then does size always reside on the fringes of science and never on the center stage? Why do biologists and others ponder size only when studying something else--running speed, life span, or metabolism? Why Size Matters, a pioneering book of big ideas in a compact size, gives size its due by presenting a profound yet lucid overview of what we know about its role in the living world. Bonner argues that size really does matter--that it is the supreme and universal determinant of what any organism can be and do. For example, because tiny creatures are subject primarily to forces of cohesion and larger beasts to gravity, a fly can easily walk up a wall, something we humans cannot even begin to imagine doing. Bonner introduces us to size through the giants and dwarfs of human, animal, and plant history and then explores questions including the physics of size as it affects biology, the evolution of size over geological time, and the role of size in the function and longevity of living things. As this elegantly written book shows, size affects life in its every aspect. It is a universal frame from which nothing escapes.
Book Synopsis Ordovician of the World by : Diego García-Bellido Capdevila
Download or read book Ordovician of the World written by Diego García-Bellido Capdevila and published by IGME. This book was released on 2011 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Processes Associated with Impact Events by : Charles Cockell
Download or read book Biological Processes Associated with Impact Events written by Charles Cockell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-18 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biological effects of asteroid and comet impacts have been widely viewed as primarily destructive. The role of an impactor in the K/T boundary extinctions has had a particularly important influence on thinking concerning the role of impacts in ecological and biological changes. th During the 10 and final workshop of the ESF IMPACT program during March 2003, we sought to investigate the wider aspects of the involvement of impact events in biological processes, including the beneficial role of these events from the prebiotic through to the ecosystem level. The ESF IMPACT programme (1998-2003) was an interdisciplinary effort that is aimed at understanding impact processes and their effects on the Earth environment, including environmental, geological and biological changes. The IMPACT programme has 15 member states and the activities of the programme range from workshops to short courses on topics such as impact stratigraphy, shock metamorphism, etc. The program has also awarded mobility grants and been involved in the development of teaching aids and numerous publications, including this one.
Book Synopsis Depositional Environments as Interpreted from Primary Sedimentary Structures and Stratification Sequences by :
Download or read book Depositional Environments as Interpreted from Primary Sedimentary Structures and Stratification Sequences written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ammonoid Paleobiology: From macroevolution to paleogeography by : Christian Klug
Download or read book Ammonoid Paleobiology: From macroevolution to paleogeography written by Christian Klug and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-22 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume work is a testament to the abiding interest and human fascination with ammonites. We offer a new model to explain the morphogenesis of septa and the shell, we explore their habitats by the content of stable isotopes in their shells, we discuss the origin and later evolution of this important clade, and we deliver hypotheses on its demise. The Ammonoidea produced a great number of species that can be used in biostratigraphy and possibly, this is the macrofossil group, which has been used the most for that purpose. Nevertheless, many aspects of their anatomy, mode of life, development or paleobiogeographic distribution are still poorly known. Themes treated are biostratigraphy, paleoecology, paleoenvironment, paleobiogeography, evolution, phylogeny, and ontogeny. Advances such as an explosion of new information about ammonites, new technologies such as isotopic analysis, tomography and virtual paleontology in general, as well as continuous discovery of new fossil finds have given us the opportunity to present a comprehensive and timely "state of the art" compilation. Moreover, it also points the way for future studies to further enhance our understanding of this endlessly fascinating group of organisms.
Book Synopsis Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Cambrian Explosion by : Nelson R Cabej
Download or read book Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Cambrian Explosion written by Nelson R Cabej and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-12 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Cambrian Explosion provides readers with a basic biological knowledge and epigenetic explanation of the biological puzzle of the Cambrian explosion, the unprecedented rapid diversification of animals that began 542 million years ago. During an evolutionarily instant of ~10 million years, which represents only 0.3% of the time of existence of life on Earth, or less than 2% of the time of existence of metazoans, all of the 30 extant body plans, major animal groups (phyla) and several extinct groups appeared. The work helps address this phenomena and tries to answer remaining questions for evolutionary biology, epigenetics, and scientific researchers. The book recognizes and presents objective representations of alternative theories for epigenetic evolution in this period, with the author drawing on his epigenetic theory of evolution to explain the causal basis of the Cambrian explosion. Both empirical evidence and theoretical arguments are presented in support of this thought-provoking epigenetic theory. - Explains the Cambrian explosion from an entirely epigenetic view - Takes a causal rather than descriptive approach to the phenomenon - Allows for a broad readership, including those with only a basic biological knowledge, while maintaining scientific rigor
Book Synopsis Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History by : Stephen Jay Gould
Download or read book Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History written by Stephen Jay Gould and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 1990-09-17 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[An] extraordinary book. . . . Mr. Gould is an exceptional combination of scientist and science writer. . . . He is thus exceptionally well placed to tell these stories, and he tells them with fervor and intelligence."—James Gleick, New York Times Book Review High in the Canadian Rockies is a small limestone quarry formed 530 million years ago called the Burgess Shale. It hold the remains of an ancient sea where dozens of strange creatures lived—a forgotten corner of evolution preserved in awesome detail. In this book Stephen Jay Gould explores what the Burgess Shale tells us about evolution and the nature of history.
Download or read book Taphonomy written by Peter A. Allison and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-03 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taphonomic bias is a pervasive feature of the fossil record. A pressing concern, however, is the extent to which taphonomic processes have varied through the ages. It is one thing to work with a biased data set and quite another to work with a bias that has changed with time. This book includes work from both new and established researchers who are using laboratory, field and data-base techniques to characterise and quantify the temporal and spatial variation in taphonomic bias. It may not provide all the answers but it will at least shed light on the right questions.
Download or read book Freshwater Fishes written by Lionel Cavin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 15,000 species, nearly a quarter of the total number of vertebrate species on Earth, freshwater fishes are extremely varied. They include the largest fish species, the beluga at over 7 meters long, and the smallest, the Paedocypris at just 8 millimeters, as well as the carnivorous, such as the piranha, and the calm, such as the Chinese algae eater. Certain species evolve rapidly, cichlids for example, while others transform very slowly, like lungfish. The fossils of these animals are very diverse in nature, sometimes just small scattered bones where sites correspond to ancient river beds or magnificent fossils of entire fish where there was once a lake. This book covers the history of these fishes over the last 250 million years by exploring the links between their biological evolution and the paleogeographic and environmental transformations of our planet, whether these be gradual or sudden. - Gathers and synthetizes data from a vast number of publications regarding past freshwater assemblages and several fish lineages that invaded freshwaters - Describes the work of the author's own team, concerning fauna from the Cretaceous of France, Morocco, and Thailand - Presents the recent results of the tempo of diversification in freshwater environments and the evolutionary histories of clades and gar lineages
Book Synopsis The Fossils of the Hunsrück Slate by : Christoph Bartels
Download or read book The Fossils of the Hunsrück Slate written by Christoph Bartels and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This beautifully illustrated book describes one of the most famous fossil deposits known: the Hunsrück Slate of Germany. These spectacular fossils, in which not just the hard parts but also the soft-tissues of the animals are preserved in pyrite in many cases, provide the most complete record available of life in the Devonian seas. First published in 1998, the book provides a comprehensive account of these remarkable fossils. It is written in an accessible style, and is extensively illustrated with photographs and X-radiographs of many of the finest specimens. The book reviews the different plant and animal groups, and includes a complete taxonomic list and comprehensive bibliography. It will be of most value to researchers and graduate students in palaeontology, geology and evolutionary biology, but it will also be of interest to amateur collectors and natural historians.
Book Synopsis FOSSILS OF THE MILWAUKEE FORMATION by :
Download or read book FOSSILS OF THE MILWAUKEE FORMATION written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
