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Mechanisms And Variability Of Glyphosate Resistance In Amaranthus Palmeri And Ipomoea Lacunosa
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Book Synopsis Mechanisms and Variability of Glyphosate Resistance in Amaranthus Palmeri and Ipomoea Lacunosa by :
Download or read book Mechanisms and Variability of Glyphosate Resistance in Amaranthus Palmeri and Ipomoea Lacunosa written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The resistance of Palmer amaranth (PA) and the tolerance (natural resistance) of pitted morningglory (PM) to glyphosate have made these species among the most common and troublesome weeds in the southeastern U.S. since the adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. Populations of GR PA (R1 and R2) were identified in Mississippi. The inheritance of glyphosate resistance was examined in reciprocal crosses (RC) between glyphosate-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) parents (Female-S × Male-R, S/R, and Female-R × Male-S, R/S), and second reciprocal crosses (2RC) (Female-S/R × Male-S/R, S/R//S/R, and Female-R/S × Male-R/S, R/S//R/S). Dose-response assays resulted in 17- to 4-fold resistance to glyphosate compared with S. Population S accumulated 325- and 8-times more shikimate at the highest glyphosate dose than in R1 and R2, respectively. cDNA sequence analysis of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene indicated no target site mutation. Genomes of R1, R2, RC, and 2RC contained from 1- to 59-fold more copies of EPSPS gene than S; EPSPS was highly expressed in R1 and R/S, but was poorly expressed in S, S/R, and R2. EPSPS activity was lower in S and S/R than in R and R/S, glyphosate absent; all were inhibited by glyphosate. Western Blot analysis confirmed an increased EPSPS protein level to EPSPS copy number correlation. Thus, the level of resistance was decidedly influenced by the direction of the cross. R and S female plants were reproductively isolated and seed were still produced, suggesting that PA can produce seed both apomictically and sexually (facultative apomixis). This mode of reproduction determined the low copy number inheritance, as well as guaranteeing the GR trait stability in the R populations. Dose-response assays resulted in 2.6-fold variability in tolerance to glyphosate between the most tolerant (MT) and the least tolerant (LT) PM populations. The level of tolerance positively correlated with the time of exposure to GR-crop system. Less shikimate was recovered in MT as compared to LT. Levels of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were not different between populations and sarcosine was not present in either populations. Consequently, metabolism of glyphosate to AMPA or sarcosine is not a common factor in explaining natural resistance levels.
Book Synopsis Herbicide Resistance in Weeds: Early Detection, Mechanisms, Dispersal, New Insights and Management Issues by : Ilias Travlos
Download or read book Herbicide Resistance in Weeds: Early Detection, Mechanisms, Dispersal, New Insights and Management Issues written by Ilias Travlos and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-28 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Book Synopsis Herbicide-Resistant Crops by : Stephen O. Duke
Download or read book Herbicide-Resistant Crops written by Stephen O. Duke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by a recognized leader in the field, Herbicide-Resistant Crops is the first book to cover all of the issues related to the controversial topic of herbicide-resistant crops. It provides extensive discussions of the modern biotechnological methods that have been used to develop such crops, and reviews the implications - both positive and negative - of developing crops that are resistant to herbicides. The creation and anticipated applications of specific herbicide-resistant crops are also discussed. In addition, the book covers the potential impact of herbicide-resistant crops on weed management practices and the environment, and presents issues related to the regulation and economics of these crops. The editor has brought together a diverse group of professionals, representing the several distinct areas impacted by the new technology of herbicide-resistant crops. The wide range of viewpoints presented in this book creates a balanced and complete survey, providing a notable contribution to the literature.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Weed Science by : Robert L Zimdahl
Download or read book Fundamentals of Weed Science written by Robert L Zimdahl and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-02-14 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Weed Science, Sixth Edition, places weed management in the context of weed research and science, presenting the latest advances in the role, control, and potential uses of weed plants. This book uses an ecological framework to explore the role of responsible and effective weed control in agriculture from the emergence and genetic foundation of weeds to the latest means of control and environmental effects. Fully revised, updated, and expanded, Fundamentals of Weed Science now includes insights into international trad eand consumer preferences, weed seedbanks, advancements in robotic weeding, weed flaming, and the potential of precision agriculture in weed science. • Includes an emphasis on herbicide resistance and molecular biology, both of which have come to dominate weed science research • Covers all traditional aspects of weed science as well as current research • Provides broad coverage, including relevant related subjects like weed ecology and weed population genetics
Book Synopsis Glyphosate Resistance in Crops and Weeds by : Vijay K. Nandula
Download or read book Glyphosate Resistance in Crops and Weeds written by Vijay K. Nandula and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-28 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New technologies are becoming available for managing glyphosate resistant (GR) weeds and reducing their spread. GR crop technology has revolutionized crop production in the developed world and the benefits are gradually spilling over to the developing world. In order to sustain an effective, environmentally safe herbicide such as glyphosate and the GR crop technology well in to the future, it is imperative that the issue of GR weeds be comprehensively understood. This book provides such an essential, up-to-date source of information on glyphosate resistance for researchers, extension workers, land managers, government personnel, and other decision makers. Provides comprehensive coverage of the intensely studied topic of glyphosate resistant (GR) in crops Details the development of glyphosate resistance and how to detect and manage the problem in crops Helps standardize global approaches to glyphosate resistance Encompasses interdisciplinary approaches in chemistry, weed science, biochemistry, plant physiology, plant biotechnology, genetics, ecology Includes a chapter on economic analysis of GR impact on crops
Book Synopsis Non-Chemical Weed Control by : Khawar Jabran
Download or read book Non-Chemical Weed Control written by Khawar Jabran and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Chemical Weed Control is the first book to present an overview of plant crop protection against non-food plants using non-chemical means. Plants growing wild—particularly unwanted plants found in cultivated ground to the exclusion of the desired crop—have been treated with herbicides and chemical treatments in the past. As concern over environmental, food and consumer safety increases, research has turned to alternatives, including the use of cover crops, thermal treatments and biotechnology to reduce and eliminate unwanted plants. This book provides insight into existing and emerging alternative crop protection methods and includes lessons learned from past methodologies. As crop production resources decline while consumer concerns over safety increase, the effective control of weeds is imperative to insure the maximum possible levels of soil, sunlight and nutrients reach the crop plants. Allows reader to identify the most appropriate solution based on their individual use or case Provides researchers, students and growers with current concepts regarding the use of modern, environment-friendly weed control techniques Presents methods of weed management—an important part of integrated weed management in the future Exploits the knowledge gained from past sustainable weed management efforts
Book Synopsis Herbicide Classes in Development by : Peter Böger
Download or read book Herbicide Classes in Development written by Peter Böger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-09-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical pest control is in use in practically every country in the world since agrochemicals play a decisive role in ensuring food supply and protection against damage by pests, insects and pathogenic fungi. Particularly in the half century since World War II, food production has risen dramatically in most parts of the world. In the last 20 years, the yield of major crops has roughly doubled in Western agriculture and there is still the potential for further achievements, particularly in the developing countries. The world's cereal and rice production, now more than 2 billion tons/year, has to increase by 2. 4% annually to cope with the rising food demand caused mainly by the growing population and improvement of living standards in most of the developing countries. Such a demand for food has to be achieved by higher yields from the restricted arable land already in use. Global farm land resources are about 1. 4 billion ha, of which 1. 2 billion ha is cultivated with major crops. Experts agree that a future substantial addition of new produc tive areas is unlikely. Those with a high yield potential are already in use; new fields with a lower output may possibly be obtained by cultivation of arid or cold areas. More recently, new areas of large-scale farmland have been devel oped in tropical regions of Latin America, primarily in Argentina and Brazil, at the cost of the destruction of tropical rain forest.
Download or read book Soybean written by Hany El-Shemy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Worldwide, soybean seed proteins represent a major source of amino acids for human and animal nutrition. Soybean seeds are an important and economical source of protein in the diet of many developed and developing countries. Soy is a complete protein and soyfoods are rich in vitamins and minerals.Soybean protein provides all the essential amino acids in the amounts needed for human health. Recent research suggests that soy may also lower risk of prostate, colon and breast cancers as well as osteoporosis and other bone health problems and alleviate hot flashes associated with menopause. This volume is expected to be useful for student, researchers and public who are interested in soybean.
Download or read book Allelopathy written by Manuel J. Reigosa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-28 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many good books in the market dealing with the subject of allelopathy. When we designed the outline of this new book, we thought that it should include as many different points of view as possible, although in an integrated general scheme. Allelopathy can be viewed from different of perspectives, ranging from the molecular to the ecosystem level, and including molecular biology, plant biochemistry, plant physiology, plant ecophysiology and ecology, with information coming also from the organic chemistry, soil sciences, microbiology and many other scientific disciplines. This book was designed to include a complete perspective of allelopathic process. The book is divided into seven major sections. The first chapter explores the international development of allelopathy as a science and next section deals with methodological aspects and it explores potential limitations of actual research. Third section is devoted to physiological aspects of allelopathy. Different specialists wrote about photosynthesis, cell cycle, detoxification processes, abiotic and biotic stress, plant secondary metabolites and respiration related to allelopathy. Chapters 13 through 16 are collectively devoted to various aspects of plant ecophysiology on a variety of levels: microorganisms, soil system and weed germination. Fundamental ecology approaches using both experimental observations and theoretical analysis of allelopathy are described in chapters 16 and 17. Those chapters deal with the possible evolutionary forces that have shaped particular strategies. In the section named “allelopathy in different environments”, authors primarily center on marine, aquatic, forest and agro ecosystems. Last section includes chapters addressing application of the knowledge of allelopathy.
Book Synopsis Decision Support Systems for Weed Management by : Guillermo R. Chantre
Download or read book Decision Support Systems for Weed Management written by Guillermo R. Chantre and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weed management Decision Support Systems (DSS) are increasingly important computer-based tools for modern agriculture. Nowadays, extensive agriculture has become highly dependent on external inputs and both economic costs, as well the negative environmental impact of agricultural activities, demands knowledge-based technology for the optimization and protection of non-renewable resources. In this context, weed management strategies should aim to maximize economic profit by preserving and enhancing agricultural systems. Although previous contributions focusing on weed biology and weed management provide valuable insight on many aspects of weed species ecology and practical guides for weed control, no attempts have been made to highlight the forthcoming importance of DSS in weed management. This book is a first attempt to integrate `concepts and practice’ providing a novel guide to the state-of-art of DSS and the future prospects which hopefully would be of interest to higher-level students, academics and professionals in related areas.
Download or read book Herbicides written by Marcelo Larramendy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-01-08 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The content selected in Herbicides, Theory and Applications is intended to provide researchers, producers and consumers of herbicides an overview of the latest scientific achievements. Although we are dealing with many diverse and different topics, we have tried to compile this "raw material" into three major sections in search of clarity and order - Weed Control and Crop Management, Analytical Techniques of Herbicide Detection and Herbicide Toxicity and Further Applications. The editors hope that this book will continue to meet the expectations and needs of all interested in the methodology of use of herbicides, weed control as well as problems related to its use, abuse and misuse.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Horticultural Systems by : Dilip Nandwani
Download or read book Sustainable Horticultural Systems written by Dilip Nandwani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable horticulture is gaining increasing attention in the field of agriculture as demand for the food production rises to the world community. Sustainable horticultural systems are based on ecological principles to farm, optimizes pest and disease management approaches through environmentally friendly and renewable strategies in production agriculture. It is a discipline that addresses current issues such as food security, water pollution, soil health, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, entomology, ecology, chemistry and food sciences. Sustainable horticulture interprets methods and processes in the farming system to the global level. For that, horticulturists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable horticulture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable horticulture treats problem sources.
Book Synopsis Weed-Crop Competition by : Robert L. Zimdahl
Download or read book Weed-Crop Competition written by Robert L. Zimdahl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past 20 years, the first edition of this text has been widely cited as authoritative academic reference. The latest edition continues the tradition set by the original book, and covers weed science research that has been published since 1980. This book aims to reduce the instance of research duplication—saving scientists and supporting institutions time and money. Not only does the second edition of Weed Crop Competition review, summarize, and combine current research; it critiques the research as well. This text has the potential to accelerate advancements in weed crop competition, which remains an important factor that affects crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to literature is often limited or nonexistent, will find the information in this text invaluable. Weed scientists, crop scientists, plant ecologists, sustainable agriculturists, and organic agriculturists will be well-pleased with this long overdue and much needed new editionWeed Crop Competition provides a unique reference that reviews, summarises and synthesizes the literature published concerning research on this topic. The first edition has been one of the most frequently cited sources in weed science for the past 20 years. The second edition covers the significant body of literature that has been published since 1980. Originally intended to survey existing research, the intent of the book is to reduce the instance of research duplication, thus saving scientists and their institutions time and money, and expediting advancements in weed crop competition, an important factor affecting crop yields. Scientists in foreign countries where access to the literature is often limited or non-existent, find the information an invaluable resource. This long overdue and much needed new edition rejuvenates the tradition set by the original book.
Book Synopsis Crop Improvement by : Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Download or read book Crop Improvement written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-13 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The improvement of crop species has been a basic pursuit since cultivation began thousands of years ago. To feed an ever increasing world population will require a great increase in food production. Wheat, corn, rice, potato and few others are expected to lead as the most important crops in the world. Enormous efforts are made all over the world to document as well as use these resources. Everybody knows that the introgression of genes in wheat provided the foundation for the “Green Revolution”. Later also demonstrated the great impact that genetic resources have on production. Several factors are contributing to high plant performance under different environmental conditions, therefore an effective and complementary use of all available technological tools and resources is needed to meet the challenge.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of Weed Control by : Jonathan Gressel
Download or read book Molecular Biology of Weed Control written by Jonathan Gressel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-03-28 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of Weed Control assesses the impact of the new tools of molecular biology on the science of weed control as well as the ways in which the science of weed control has helped and influenced molecular biology. Accentuating the utility of molecular biology to contribute to the control of intransigent weed species both in the developing and developed world, the book also looks to the future and describes how molecular biology can be used to diminish the use of chemical herbicides, and enhance crop competitiveness for light, nutrients and water. This volume is essential reading for all weed scientists, environmental students, researchers, and regulators.
Download or read book Herbicides written by Andrew Price and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicide use is a common component of many weed management strategies in both agricultural and non-crop settings. However, herbicide use practices and recommendations are continuously updated and revised to provide control of ever-changing weed compositions and to preserve efficacy of current weed control options. Herbicides - Current Research and Case Studies in Use provides information about current trends in herbicide use and weed control in different land and aquatic settings as well as case studies in particular weed control situations.
Book Synopsis Allelopathy in Ecological Agriculture and Forestry by : S.S. Narwal
Download or read book Allelopathy in Ecological Agriculture and Forestry written by S.S. Narwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly growing human population has increased the dependence on fossil fuel based agrochemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides to produce the required agricultural and forestry products. This has exerted a great pressure on the non renewable fossil fuel resources, which cannot last indefinitely. Besides, indiscriminate use ofpesticides for pests (weeds, insects, nematodes, pathogens) control has resulted in serious ecological and environmental problems viz. , (A) Increasing incidence of resistance in pest organisms to important pesticides. (B) Shift in pests population, particulary in weeds and insects. In weeds, species that are more closely related to the crops they infest have developed. In insects, scenario is most grim, the predators have been killed and minor insect pests have become major pests and require very heavy doses ofhighly toxic insecticides for their control. (C) Greater environmental pollution and health hazards (a) particularly from contamination of surface and underground drinking water resources and (b) from their inhalation during handling and application. (D) Toxic residues of pesticides pollute the environment and may prove hazardous to even our future generations. (E) Some agricultural commodities may contain minute quantities ofpesticides residues, with long tenn adverse effects on human and livestock health. Therefore, serious ecological questions about the reliance on pesticides for pests control has been raised. The use of fertilizers, besides causing environmental problems has also impoverished the soil health and decreased the beneficial soil fauna. For example, in some major crop rotations viz.
