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Mechanism Of Localized Corrosion Of Carbon Steel Pipe In Corrosion Inhibited Co2 Saturated Brine
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Book Synopsis Mechanism of Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipe in Corrosion-inhibited, CO2-saturated Brine by : Bryon Daniels Winget
Download or read book Mechanism of Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel Pipe in Corrosion-inhibited, CO2-saturated Brine written by Bryon Daniels Winget and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Localized Corrosion Initiation of Steel in CO2 Environments by : Xin Gao
Download or read book Localized Corrosion Initiation of Steel in CO2 Environments written by Xin Gao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this dissertation research was to investigate initiation mechanisms for CO2 localized corrosion on mild steel, encompassing the effects of chloride, oxygen, and acetic acid. In CO2 corrosion, iron in steel will be oxidized to ferrous ions under deareated conditions. The ferrous and carbonate ions can combine to form FeCO3 and precipitate once exceeding the solubility limit. When the precipitation of FeCO3 occurs evenly on the steel surface it forms a compact and protective layer. This acts as a diffusion barrier hindering the mass transfer of electrochemical species and covers/blocks the surface making it unavailable for corrosion, which enhances the resistance of mild steel to further uniform CO2 corrosion. However, there are various scenarios where localized corrosion may occur. When the environment becomes more aggressive, the FeCO3 could be partially removed. This leads to localized regions of the bare steel surface that become exposed to the corrosive solution and, subsequently, localized corrosion could be initiated. To study CO2 localized corrosion, two-stage experiments were performed: (1) a uniform protective FeCO3 layer was first formed on a carbon steel with high initial FeCO3 saturation; (2) localized CO2 corrosion scenarios were then developed by adding additional salts (NaCl or NaClO4), oxygen or acetic acid to challenge the protective FeCO3 layer. The experiments were conducted in a two-liter glass cell with a three-electrode system, working electrode (X65 carbon steel), reference electrode (Ag/AgCl saturated electrode), and counter electrode (platinum). Electrochemical measurements (linear polarization resistance) were carried out to observe electrochemical behaviors and calculate the corrosion rates.
Book Synopsis Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies by : A. M. El-Sherik
Download or read book Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies written by A. M. El-Sherik and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission delivers the most up-to-date and highly multidisciplinary reference available to identify emerging developments, fundamental mechanisms and the technologies necessary in one unified source. Starting with a brief explanation on corrosion management that also addresses today’s most challenging issues for oil and gas production and transmission operations, the book dives into the latest advances in microbiology-influenced corrosion and other corrosion threats, such as stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage just to name a few. In addition, it covers testing and monitoring techniques, such as molecular microbiology and online monitoring for surface and subsurface facilities, mitigation tools, including coatings, nano-packaged biocides, modeling and prediction, cathodic protection and new steels and non-metallics. Rounding out with an extensive glossary and list of abbreviations, the book equips upstream and midstream corrosion professionals in the oil and gas industry with the most advanced collection of topics and solutions to responsibly help solve today’s oil and gas corrosion challenges. Covers the latest in corrosion mitigation techniques, such as corrosion inhibitors, biocides, non-metallics, coatings, and modeling and prediction Solves knowledge gaps with the most current technology and discoveries on specific corrosion mechanisms, highlighting where future research and industry efforts should be concentrated Achieves practical and balanced understanding with a full spectrum of subjects presented from multiple academic and world-renowned contributors in the industry
Book Synopsis Erosion-Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel Inhibition in CO2 Saturated Oil-Brine-Sand Flows by : Anass Nassef
Download or read book Erosion-Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel Inhibition in CO2 Saturated Oil-Brine-Sand Flows written by Anass Nassef and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Petroleum Abstracts. Literature and Patents by :
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts. Literature and Patents written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Galvanic Mechanism of Localized Corrosion for Mild Steel in Carbon Dioxide Environments by : Jiabin Han
Download or read book Galvanic Mechanism of Localized Corrosion for Mild Steel in Carbon Dioxide Environments written by Jiabin Han and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inhibition of Weld Corrosion in Flowing Brines Containing Carbon Dioxide by :
Download or read book Inhibition of Weld Corrosion in Flowing Brines Containing Carbon Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of a typical oilfield corrosion inhibitor, which is considered to be a green inhibitor (non toxic to the environment) in controlling internal corrosion of welded X65 pipeline steel in brines saturated with carbon dioxide at one bar pressure, under dynamic flowing conditions, over a range of temperatures. Several experimental configurations were used ranging from a simple flat plate design to a novel rotating cylinder electrode, to allow high shear stress to be achieved. The rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) apparatus was designed to allow steel from the weld metal, heat affected zone (HAZ) and parent material to be galvanically coupled and tested in high shear stress conditions. In producing the RCE, the three regions of the weld were identified by optical metallography and samples of each were machined to produce cylindrical electrodes, which were mounted on a motor driven shaft. Electrical connections were made to the three electrodes via a high quality slip-ring assembly. The galvanic currents flowing between the regions of the weld were recorded using zero-resistance ammeters and their self-corrosion rates were found by uncoupling the electrodes and performing polarization resistance measurements. For static conditions the inhibitor had an effective performance and after a short initial period during which film formation took place, at longer exposure times a dramatic reduction of corrosion rate was obtained. Under flowing conditions, both the galvanic currents and the self-corrosion rates were found to increase with the shear stress, as the rotational speed of the RCE was increased. The total corrosion rate of each weld region was assessed from the sum of the self-corrosion and galvanic contributions. In most cases, the weld metal and HAZ were shown to be cathodic to the parent material and this was considered to be a desirable situation as localised corrosion of the weld was minimised. However, in some ci.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Corrosion of Carbon Steels in H2S-containing Brines by : Ruishu Feng
Download or read book Electrochemical Corrosion of Carbon Steels in H2S-containing Brines written by Ruishu Feng and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of high strength low alloy carbon steel, Grade S-135, and ultra-high strength low alloy carbon steel, Grade UD-165, were investigated in alkaline brines at pH of 7.9, 10.7, and 12.4 and four H2S partial pressures (PH2S) from 0 to 69 kPa at 85 oC using in situ electrochemical measurements, ex situ surface analyses, and software modeling. HS-(aq) was calculated to be the dominant sulfide species from pH 7.9 to 12.4. After 60 hours, polarization resistance (Rpol) of S-135 and UD-165 generally increased as pH increased at lower PH2S (0 and 0.83 kPa), whereas Rpol decreased and then increased as pH increased at higher PH2S (8.3 and 69 kPa). At each pH, the lower PH2S increased Rpol or did not significantly change Rpol, whereas the higher PH2S decreased Rpol. Two opposite effects from H2S were proposed, an accelerating effect due to H2S(aq) and HS-(aq) facilitating the Faradaic reactions and the localized corrosion, and an inhibiting effect due to the protectiveness of the corrosion products. The inhibiting effect was often observed at relatively low H2S concentrations at pH 7.9 and 12.4. The electrochemical impedance did not change significantly at different stir rates for both S-135 and UD-165, indicating that mass transport in the bulk solution was not the rate determining step. The corrosion products generally changed from iron carbonate and sulfides to iron oxide as pH increased, which agreed with the Pourbaix diagrams. Solution pH in the three solutions were calculated to be 8.1, 9.8, and 10.8 at 200 oC, respectively. Polarization resistance values of UD-165 at 200 °C were consistently one to two orders of magnitude lower than at 85 °C, which corresponded to a drastic increase in corrosion rate at elevated temperature. At 200 °C, Rpol at 9.8 was the smallest after 60 hours among the three solutions. The modeled results were in reasonable agreement with the experimental CR values within a factor of 4. A new method derived from the generalized Butler-Volmer equation allowed to obtain anodic Tafel slopes from LSV even with the effect of limiting current. At 200 oC, the ba values indicated that the anodic reactions followed the Bockris mechanism at pH 8.1 and a two-electron mechanism at pH 9.8 and 10.8. As pH increased, the major corrosion products changed from pyrrhotite/siderite to magnetite although the corrosion products were a mixture of iron carbonate, sulfide and oxide. At 4 °C and 10 MPa total pressure, experimental results for two drill steels, Grade S-135 and Grade UD-165, showed a distinct drop in corrosion rate when transitioning from sweet (CO2) corrosion to sour (H2S) corrosion in 5% wt. NaCl brine. It was found that a CO2:H2S ratio as high as 1000 was still enough for sour corrosion to dominate the conditions tested. The CO2+H2S condition and H2S condition had the similar anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes, which were smaller than the CO2 condition. The presence of H2S could have caused the formation of FeS(s) at the steel surface where the pH and Fe2+(aq) concentration might be higher than in the bulk solution.
Book Synopsis Weldment Corrosion and Inhibitor in Carbon Dioxide Saturated Brine by : J. E. Dorgu
Download or read book Weldment Corrosion and Inhibitor in Carbon Dioxide Saturated Brine written by J. E. Dorgu and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industry by : Viswanathan S. Saji
Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industry written by Viswanathan S. Saji and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas industries Considering the high importance of corrosion inhibitor development for the oil and gas sectors, this book provides a thorough overview of the most recent advancements in this field. It systematically addresses corrosion inhibitors for various applications in the oil and gas value chain, as well as the fundamentals of corrosion inhibition and interference of inhibitors with co-additives. Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is presented in three parts. The first part on Fundamentals and Approaches focuses on principles and processes in the oil and gas industry, the types of corrosion encountered and their control methods, environmental factors affecting inhibition, material selection strategies, and economic aspects of corrosion. The second part on Choice of Inhibitors examines corrosion inhibitors for acidizing processes, inhibitors for sweet and sour corrosion, inhibitors in refinery operations, high-temperature corrosion inhibitors, inhibitors for challenging corrosive environments, inhibitors for microbiologically influenced corrosion, polymeric inhibitors, vapor phase inhibitors, and smart controlled release inhibitor systems. The last part on Interaction with Co-additives looks at industrial co-additives and their interference with corrosion inhibitors such as antiscalants, hydrate inhibitors, and sulfide scavengers. -Presents a well-structured and systematic overview of the fundamentals and factors affecting corrosion -Acts as a handy reference tool for scientists and engineers working with corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Collectively presents all the information available on the development and application of corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Offers a unique and specific focus on the oil and gas industries Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is an excellent resource for scientists in industry as well as in academia working in the field of corrosion protection for the oil and gas sectors, and will appeal to materials scientists, electrochemists, chemists, and chemical engineers.
Book Synopsis A Mechanistic Model for CO2 Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel by : Hui Li
Download or read book A Mechanistic Model for CO2 Localized Corrosion of Carbon Steel written by Hui Li and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corrosion of Mild Steel in Carbon Dioxide Saturated Brine Using Jet Impingement Tests by : R. C. Woollam
Download or read book Corrosion of Mild Steel in Carbon Dioxide Saturated Brine Using Jet Impingement Tests written by R. C. Woollam and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Temperature Dependent Study of Fe Corrosion Inhibition in CO2 Saturated Brine by : Ai O
Download or read book A Temperature Dependent Study of Fe Corrosion Inhibition in CO2 Saturated Brine written by Ai O and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Green Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in a Carbon Dioxide Saturated Saline Solution by : Elron Edgar Gomes
Download or read book Green Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion in a Carbon Dioxide Saturated Saline Solution written by Elron Edgar Gomes and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mild steel is extensively used in equipment such as pipelines and machinery by many industries, where it is exposed to corrosive environments. Dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) can be found in produced water and results in severe corrosion due to the formation of carbonic acid. CO2 corrosion presents not only an economic loss but also an environmental and safety risk. Most industries use synthetic inhibitors, which are effective in reducing corrosion, but are also toxic and persistent. This has led to stricter regulations and thus, there is a need for alternative inhibitors which can replace them but not exhibit their undesired characteristics. The aqueous extracts of Fig leaves (FLE), Calotropis procera (CPLE) and Eggplant peels (EPPE) were investigated as novel corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in a CO2-saturated 3.5wt% NaCl solution using various electrochemical techniques such as linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic sweep (CS). The results showed that the corrosion rate is decreasing and inhibition efficiency is increasing as the concentration of inhibitor increased. Corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 90-95% were obtained using low dosage of the green inhibitors. FLE, CPLE and EPPE proved to be effective inhibitors and are compared to the performance of two commercially available inhibitors, A (green inhibitor) and B (synthetic inhibitor). Polarization studies show that FLE, CPLE and EPPE act as mixed inhibitors. The adsorption data was analyzed using various adsorption isotherm models and the results at temperatures of 25, 40, 50 and 70°C have shown that the adsorption behavior of FLE, CPLE and EPPE is best described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The conclusion drawn from this work is that the FLE, CLE and ELE inhibitors proved to be effective inhibitors when compared to Inhibitor A. Inhibitor B proved to be a much more effective inhibitor than the others due to its synergistic mix of active ingredients."--Abstract.
Download or read book Materials Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Cost of Corrosion in China by : Baorong Hou
Download or read book The Cost of Corrosion in China written by Baorong Hou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page 953 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers corrosion and corrosion protection in China in the areas including infrastructure, transportation, energy, water environment, as well as manufacturing and public utilities. Furthermore, it presents a major consulting project of Chinese Academy of Engineering, which was the largest corrosion investigation project in Chinese history, including the corresponding methods, processes and corrosion protection strategies, and provides valuable information for numerous industries. Sharing essential insights into corrosion prediction and decision-making, this book will help to decrease costs and extend the service life of equipment and facilities; accordingly, it will benefit scientists and engineers working on corrosion research and protection, as well as economists and government employees.
