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Author : Adrian Holliday
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (872 download)
Download or read book Measuring the Effect of Exercise on Appetite, Food Intake and Appetite-associated Hormones written by Adrian Holliday and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lucy Katherine Wasse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (784 download)
Download or read book Effect of Exercise and Different Environmental Conditions on Appetite, Food Intake and the Appetite-regulatory Hormones, Ghrelin and Peptide YY. written by Lucy Katherine Wasse and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kevin Deighton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Acute Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Food Intake and Circulating Concentrations of Gastrointestinal Hormones written by Kevin Deighton and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James Adam King
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (776 download)
Download or read book Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Food Intake and the Gastrointestinal Hormones Ghrelin and Peptide YY. written by James Adam King and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Márta Korbonits
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805584296
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Obesity and Metabolism written by Márta Korbonits and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become increasingly difficult to keep up with the growing body of literature on the genetics, metabolic phenotype and treatment of obesity. This volume brings together an array of chapters from many of the foremost authorities and researchers in this area. Key advances in the genetics of obesity are summarized and the effects of obesity in pregnancy, childhood and old age explored. By scrutinizing the hormones and enzymes most recently implicated in the development, maintenance and consequences of obesity, the biochemical and physiological background of the abnormal metabolism of obesity is mapped out. Furthermore, a practical update on clinical approach and treatment of obesity is offered. Finally, the social aspects of obesity and the view of the obese body in art throughout the centuries are reflected. A valuable overview of causes, metabolic disturbances and treatment options, this volume will appeal to those with an interest in clinical as well as pathophysiological and genetic aspects of obesity. Furthermore, it will provide useful reading for scientists and students who would like to broaden and update their knowledge in this area.
Author : Tetsuro Okada
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Prolonged Impact of Exercise on Appetite and Energy Compensation written by Tetsuro Okada and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise generally leads to less than anticipated weight loss, despite inducing an acute negative energy balance. Post-exercise compensatory mechanisms that increase energy intake and decrease energy expenditure contribute to ineffective weight loss with exercise, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the 3-day impact of exercise on measures of appetite and energy compensation in a healthy population of males and females. Fourteen participants completed two conditions in a randomized crossover trial: 1) 75 min exercise (75% VO2peak); and 2) 75 min sedentary control. Measures of energy intake, energy expenditure, subjective appetite, and appetite-related hormones were assessed. An acute post-exercise suppression of acyl-ghrelin was observed. Exercise increased overall measures of subjective appetite despite no increase in energy intake or change in post-exercise physical activity patterns. Overall, exercise increased perceived appetite despite no clear evidence of energy compensation through energy intake or energy expenditure.
Author : M. Wabitsch
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318059749
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Developmental Biology of Gastrointestinal Hormones written by M. Wabitsch and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The gut not only represents the largest endocrine organ of the human body but is also profoundly involved in the control of metabolism through peptide hormones. Therefore, gastrointestinal hormones are acting via autocrine, paracrine, and classical endocrine pathways and regulate e.g. digestion, hunger, and satiety. Furthermore, they are important regulators of body weight, growth, and glucose metabolism, as well as of mood and behavior. Physicians and scientists in the field of pediatric endocrinology and diabetes, as well as in pediatric gastroenterology, require an extensive understanding of the origin of enteroendocrine cells, factors controlling their differentiation, hormone gene expression, secretion, function and, finally, the complex interaction with other organs, especially the central nervous system. In order to meet these needs, experts in the field have written up-to-date, comprehensive, and illustrated reviews presenting the current knowledge in the field of gastrointestinal endocrinology with a pediatric view. Those reviews comprise this latest volume of Endocrine Development.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309175593
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-15 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783805593007
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Frontiers in Eating and Weight Regulation written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Irwin H. Rosenberg
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805573219
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Nutrition and Aging written by Irwin H. Rosenberg and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity is aging. In the last century, life expectancy has increased by as much as 25 years, the greatest increase in 5'000 years of history. As a consequence the elderly constitute today the fastest growing segment of the world's population. This new situation creates many social problems and challenges to health care which both the developed as well as the developing countries will have to cope with. The present publication shows that scientific progress has reached a level where nutritional interventions may play a decisive part in the prevention of degenerative conditions of age, improvement of quality of life and impact on health care burden and resources. Topics deal with such different aspects as the influence of prenatal and early infant nutrition on the future aged individual and effects of energetic restriction on longevity. Further contributions include studies on mitochondrial alterations, digestive problems, specific metabolic deviations mediated by insulin, bone degradation, structural changes, neuromuscular dysfunctions, mental state of the elderly as well as the response of the immune system to nutrient intake. Finally the book offers a review of requirements appropriate to meet the age-related public health challenges of the 21st century.
Author : Nawal Alajmi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (883 download)
Download or read book The Acute Effects of Exercise on Appetite Perceptions, Gut Hormones and Food Intake in Females written by Nawal Alajmi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jessica A. Douglas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Acute Effects of Exercise on Appetite, Appetite Regulatory Hormones and Energy Intake in Lean and Overweight Men and Women written by Jessica A. Douglas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sonnie M. Palm
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124964638
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (646 download)
Download or read book Influence of Running and Walking on Appetite Regulating Hormones written by Sonnie M. Palm and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moderate to intense exercise may influence the secretion of the hunger hormone ghrelin and the satiety hormones peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) causing changes in appetite and food intake commonly associated with exercise. Purpose . To determine whether ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 are altered by a 60-min bout of moderate-intensity running or walking in trained women and whether these changes are linked to post-exercise appetite and food intake. Methods . Nine endurance-trained female runners (23.6 ± 2.4 yr, 53.5 ± 2.9 kg, VO2 max 49.7 ± 1.9 ml/kg/min) and 9 habitual female walkers (24.6 ± 7 yr, 60 ± 12.3 kg, VO2 max 33.3 ± .4 ml/kg/min) completed a 60-min treadmill run/walk (70% VO2 max) and a 60-min rest (control) in a counterbalanced order in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. On both test days, participants consumed a standard breakfast (383 kcal) 2-h before exercise or rest. Blood was drawn at baseline and 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min post-exercise or rest for analysis of total ghrelin, ghrelin acyl, PYY, GLP-1, glucose and lactate. Perceived ratings of hunger, satiety, fullness and desire to eat were assessed at these same time points using 100mm visual analog scales. Ad libitum food intake was assessed through a free-choice meal at 120-min post-exercise/post-rest. Results . Absolute energy and macronutrient intake were not different following running (486 ± 183 kcal) vs. control (480 ± 126 kcal) (p=0.92). However, the walkers tended to consume more energy after the exercise trial (624 ± 139 Kcal) compared to the rest trial (551 ± 162 Kcal) (p=0.08). After adjusting for the cost of exercise or rest, relative energy intake was lower following running ( -194 ± 206 kcal) compared to rest (284 ± 121 kcal) (p0.001) and following walking (41 ± 196 kcal) compared to rest (299 ± 308 kcal) (p=0.001). After adjusting for energy expenditure (REI), the runners consumed significantly less energy during the free choice meal after the exercise trial than the walkers (p=0.015). The AUC for total ghrelin and ghrelin acyl was higher following exercise vs. rest in the runners (p=0.044 and p=0.009) but not the walkers (p0.10) and was significantly higher at 0 min post exercise vs. pre-exercise for ghrelinacyl and PYY. This corresponded to a higher average rate of change over time for ghrelinacyl (p=0.029, 19.6 mg/dl) only in the runners. The AUC for PYY tended to be higher following exercise vs. rest in the runners and walkers (p=0.08). No differences following exercise or rest were found in the walkers for the AUC for GLP-1 in either group, however, the average rate of change over time for GLP-1 (p=0.076, 4.98 pM p=0.055, 6.64 pM, respectively) tended to be lower in both groups following exercise. The average rate of change in PYY and GLP-1 over time were found to be predictive of hunger, satiety, fullness, and desire to eat in the runners but only the change in GLP-1 over time was predictive of hunger (p=0.05). Conclusion . A 60-minute bout of moderately-hard running and walking suppressed energy intake after accounting for the cost of exercise or rest (i.e., relative energy intake). Circulating concentrations of ghrelin, ghrelinacyl and PYY were increased after running but not walking compared to rest but these increases were mostly short lived. The total response of GLP-1was not different following exercise compared to rest, however, the rate of change of GLP-1 over time tended to be lower following exercise in both groups. Thus, the normal inverse relationship between ghrelin and both PYY and GLP-1 at rest appears to be disrupted in the immediate period following running. While alterations of the satiety hormones PYY and GLP-1 are predictive of appetite, particularly in the runners, alteration in the hunger hormone ghrelin does not appear to be predictive following exercise. Results of this thesis research contribute to the growing knowledge of how gut peptides and food intake respond to exercise.
Author : Tim Kirkham
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008046646X
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Appetite and Body Weight written by Tim Kirkham and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now enough basic work to sketch out the principal systems at all levels of the brain, from prefrontal cortex to lower brainstem, which are orchestrated to provide control of food selection, preference and consumption. At the same time, the complex interplay between central systems and signals generated from peripheral systems include the gut, liver and fat stores, as well as the interactions with the neuroendocrine system can be described in some detail. A continuing theme throughout the book is that the functional analysis of appetite and food intake cannot be limited to a single focus, e.g. hypothalamic neuropeptides and their interactions, but must be based on a fully integrated view of the several contributing systems. Appetite and Body Weight: Integrative Systems and the Development of Anti-Obesity Drugs provides an expert guide to the neural, neurochemical, autonomic and endocrine interrelations which underpin appetite and the controls of food intake and body weight. The book covers many of the neurochemical entities that are currently under investigation, including: neuropeptides, leptin, insulin, monoamines and endogenous cannabinoids in relation to appetite and body-weight control. In addition to the neuroscience analysis, there are also chapters that provide an expert guide to some of the key psychological concepts that the researchers believe are essential in trying to understand the phenomena under investigation. The volume will also serve as an authoritative guide to the current emphasis on the development of novel, efficacious anti-obesity medication. Provides an integrative view of the many systems involved in appetite how they interact to effect food intake (i.e. the brain, endocrine, gut, liver etc.) Considers psychological aspects such as incentive, preference, liking and palatability, and sets these concepts in their behavioural, pharmacological and neural contexts Examines the development of novel anti-obesity drugs, drawing on experience of pharmacological development work, pre-clinical tests for anti-obesity efficacy, and clinical trials of candidate anti-obesity compounds
Author : Jerry Lee Hill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Effect of Low Vs High Eating Frequency on Perceived Appetite, Plasma Appetite Hormones, and Appetite Relationships written by Jerry Lee Hill and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human appetite hormones are affected by various factors and there is a lack of detailed evidence on the impact of eating frequency on self-reported and serum markers of appetite. If self-reported measures of appetite and serum biomarkers are dysregulated, imbalanced caloric intake could occur, leading to related significant health problems. This study seeks to identify whether three or six meals a day has an impact on the relationships and differences of self-reported measures or serum biomarkers of appetite, along with the concordance of the relationships between the two, while the participants are in the fasted or semi-fasted state. This topic is a part of a data analysis of the Frequency of Eating and Satiety Hormones (FRESH) randomized cross-over clinical trial. The FRESH randomized cross-over clinical trial enrolled 50 participants aged 18-50 who completed three weeks of either high eating frequency (6 eating sessions/day) or low eating frequency (3 eating sessions/day), and then swapped to the other eating frequency after a two-week wash-out period. Participants selected and prepared their own foods that followed a study protocol-directed meal and eating plan throughout the intervention. The protocol-directed eating plan offered individualized daily energy intakes to maintain baseline body weight throughout the study and both macronutrients and micronutrient intakes were consistent across both eating frequency periods. Self-reported measures of appetite were “Hunger,” “Full,” and “Desire” using a standardized 0-100 visual analog scale and plasma biomarkers of appetite were the hormones ghrelin (pg/mL), leptin (ng/mL), and peptide-YY (pg/mL). Paired t-tests were used to measure differences between continuous self-reported and plasma biomarker variables and Fisher Z transformation tests for differences between correlations. Appetite measurements were collected with blood draws and self-report surveys at the end of each eating frequency period in the morning in a fasted state for the perceived appetite variables, ghrelin, and leptin. Peptide-YY was then collected in the semi-fasted state one half-hour later after a standardized breakfast for those in the low eating frequency period, or a standardized breakfast that was one-half the size for those in the high eating frequency period. Results of the continuous variable analysis were also stratified into low vs high physical activity, split by the median, in order to determine whether physical activity had an effect modification on the data. Eating frequency had no effect on plasma ghrelin and leptin levels and had no effect on any of the self-reported measures of appetite (p>0.05 for all). High eating frequency led to significantly lower (9.7%) plasma peptide-YY (p
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309089964
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Weight Management written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-12-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of fitness and body composition standards in the U.S. Armed Forces has always been to select individuals best suited to the physical demands of military service, based on the assumption that proper body weight and composition supports good health, physical fitness, and appropriate military appearance. The current epidemic of overweight and obesity in the United States affects the military services. The pool of available recruits is reduced because of failure to meet body composition standards for entry into the services and a high percentage of individuals exceeding military weight-for-height standards at the time of entry into the service leave the military before completing their term of enlistment. To aid in developing strategies for prevention and remediation of overweight in military personnel, the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command requested the Committee on Military Nutrition Research to review the scientific evidence for: factors that influence body weight, optimal components of a weight loss and weight maintenance program, and the role of gender, age, and ethnicity in weight management.
Author : Austin J. Graybeal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)
Download or read book The Role of Diet Composition and Fat-free Mass on Appetite Regulation written by Austin J. Graybeal and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appetite is regulated by perceptions of hunger and fullness and gut hormones that are either anorexigenic such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin, or peptide YY, or orexigenic such as ghrelin. Appetite suppression may lead to a number of negative effects including relative energy deficiency which impairs health and performance in athletes. Appetite stimulation, on the other hand, may lead to a positive energy balance and weight gain which are associated with many chronic diseases. A number of factors affect appetite regulation. In this dissertation, we examined the effects of varying amounts of dietary carbohydrate and fat and the different types of fatty acids on appetite. We also examined the role of fat-free body mass in appetite regulation. It is unclear whether different fatty acids vary in their effects on appetite and eating in the absence of hunger. In our first study, we examined the effects of three high-fat meals rich in either monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, or saturated fatty acids on subjective ratings of appetite and subsequent ad libitum lunch consumption in healthy premenopausal normal-weight women in a randomized cross-over single-blind study. We found that postprandial ratings of hunger, fullness, or desire to eat did not vary across meal conditions. There was also no difference in energy intake during the ad libitum lunch across meal conditions. Many endurance athletes follow a ketogenic diet (KD) (very low in carbohydrate and high in fat) to improve performance. The effect of a KD on appetite remains unclear in this population. In our second study, we examined the effects of a KD on fasting measures of appetite in highly-trained cyclists and triathletes. The participants consumed both a KD and a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD), for two weeks each, in a random order, after their habitual diet (HD). We also assessed postprandial appetite measures in response to a ketogenic meal after the KD, a high-carbohydrate meal after the HCD, and a standard American/Western meal after the HD. The results showed that the KD led to significantly higher fasting GLP-1 and lower ghrelin concentrations compared to the HCD and HD. The ketogenic meal also led to significantly higher postprandial GLP-1 and lower ghrelin levels compared to the high-carbohydrate and standard meals. Results on appetite perceptions did not match the hormonal changes and needs further evaluation. Energy homeostasis is defined as the maintenance of body energy stores over time. To maintain these energy stores, appetite responds to changes in body mass by stimulating or suppressing food intake. It is well known that fat mass possesses a level of physiological regulation over appetite but the influence of fat-free mass in physiological appetite regulation is unclear. In our final manuscript, we discussed in detail the potential relationship between fat-free mass and hunger and satiety hormone production. From this paper, we concluded that there is an association between fat-free mass (FFM) and appetite-related hormones. Specifically, higher FFM may be linked to decreases in the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin. Clinicians and dietary professionals should emphasize strategies that focus on the maintenance or increase of FFM to regulate appetite. In conclusion, a very low-carbohydrate high-fat diet versus diets with more carbohydrate and less fat led to more anorexigenic alterations in the objective measures of appetite. These changes were not matched by the subjective measures of appetite. More research is necessary to determine the reasons for these differences. The type of fat in a high-fat meal did not affect perception of appetite or future energy consumption. Fat-free mass may have a role in appetite regulation but requires further study.
