Measuring Self-concept Across the Life Span

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Publisher : Amer Psychological Assn
ISBN 13 : 9781557983329
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Measuring Self-concept Across the Life Span by : Barbara M. Byrne

Download or read book Measuring Self-concept Across the Life Span written by Barbara M. Byrne and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [This book provides a] review of self-concept measures that can be used with individuals across the life span, from preschool through late adulthood. These measures were selected according to the prevalence of their use in research and practice, their psychometric soundness, the strength of their theoretical base, and their demonstrable utility in a variety of research and practice situations. For each measure there is a description of the instrument, the target population, the scale structure, administration and scoring procedures, normative data, and related psychometric research, as well as an evaluative summary and source information. Byrne also provides a comprehensive review of the literature related to 7 empirically testable models of self-concept. Finally, the author identifies the most important psychometric issues related to measuring self-concept, describes the limitations associated with the current state of self-concept measurement, and points to promising directions for future research and application.

The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119050308
Total Pages : 854 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences by : Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic

Download or read book The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences written by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of recent research, current perspectives, practical applications, and likely future developments in individual differences. Brings together the work of the top global researchers within the area of individual differences, including Philip L. Ackerman, Ian J. Deary, Ed Diener, Robert Hogan, Deniz S. Ones and Dean Keith Simonton Covers methodological, theoretical and paradigm changes in the area of individual differences Individual chapters cover core areas of individual differences including personality and intelligence, biological causes of individual differences, and creativity and emotional intelligence

Self-Perspectives across the Life Span

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Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791410035
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Perspectives across the Life Span by : Richard P. Lipka

Download or read book Self-Perspectives across the Life Span written by Richard P. Lipka and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When and how is the self acquired and what characterizes its development and change over the life span? What are the implications of using different methodologies to study the self with different age groups? This book addresses these and related questions. The authors offer research on early and middle childhood, late childhood and adolescence, and adulthood and old age. Among the issues considered are the relationship between cognitive complexity and self-evaluation in childhood, the pivotal socio-emotional tasks that confront the adolescent, and effects of situational and structural factors on the self-esteem of adolescents and adults, and age and gender differences in the ideal and undesired selves of young and older adults. These contributions illustrate the different theoretical and methodological issues that are associated with differing stages of the life span and provide a summary of the current knowledge base of the self across the life span. Unlike previous books on study of the self, this one provides a systematic analysis of the theoretical and methodological issues and a selection of several alternative methodologies for studying the self across the life span.

Cognitive Therapy Across the Lifespan

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521533775
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (337 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Therapy Across the Lifespan by : Mark A. Reinecke

Download or read book Cognitive Therapy Across the Lifespan written by Mark A. Reinecke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-25 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This balanced, evidence-based overview examines the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in clinical practice.

Self-Perspectives across the Life Span

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Author :
Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 9780791410042
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Perspectives across the Life Span by : Richard P. Lipka

Download or read book Self-Perspectives across the Life Span written by Richard P. Lipka and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1992-07-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When and how is the self acquired and what characterizes its development and change over the life span? What are the implications of using different methodologies to study the self with different age groups? This book addresses these and related questions. The authors offer research on early and middle childhood, late childhood and adolescence, and adulthood and old age. Among the issues considered are the relationship between cognitive complexity and self-evaluation in childhood, the pivotal socio-emotional tasks that confront the adolescent, and effects of situational and structural factors on the self-esteem of adolescents and adults, and age and gender differences in the ideal and undesired selves of young and older adults. These contributions illustrate the different theoretical and methodological issues that are associated with differing stages of the life span and provide a summary of the current knowledge base of the self across the life span. Unlike previous books on study of the self, this one provides a systematic analysis of the theoretical and methodological issues and a selection of several alternative methodologies for studying the self across the life span.

Handbook of Intraindividual Variability Across the Life Span

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136285237
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Intraindividual Variability Across the Life Span by : Manfred Diehl

Download or read book Handbook of Intraindividual Variability Across the Life Span written by Manfred Diehl and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intraindividual variability (IIV) of human development and behavior across the entire life-span is explored in this new book. Leading researchers summarize recent findings on the extent, role, and function of IIV in human development with a focus on how, when, and why individuals change over time. The latest theoretical, methodological, and technological advances are reviewed. The book explores the historical and theoretical background and challenges of IIV research along with its role and function in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Edited to maximize consistency and accessibility, each chapter includes an introduction and a review of the research and most explore future directions, new theoretical developments, and conclusions and implications. Readers are shown that by focusing on the individual as a unit of analysis across different time scales, conditions, and situations, researchers can effectively demonstrate behavioral and developmental regularities at different points of the life-span. As such this book is a must have for anybody interested in IIV research. The book explores: -New designs and methods for the analysis of intensive repeated measures data. -The importance of real-time data for more time sensitive and ecologically valid measurements. -The role and function of intraindividual variability in behavior and development across the life-span -- from infancy to later life. -Numerous examples of how intraindividual variability research is conducted. -Topics and findings that are commonly treated in disparate bodies of literature from various disciplines. Part 1 provides a historical, conceptual, and methodological overview of the study of intraindividual variability (IIV). IIV during childhood and adolescence and its application in the investigation of development of language acquisition, infant-parent interactions, development of motor skills, cognitive development, mood regulation, and identity development are examined in Part 2. Part 3 focuses on IIV during adult development, including its use in neuropsychological functioning and attention and in personality development and mood regulation. IIV in the context of adults’ health behavior is also reviewed. Part 4 examines the key issues and challenges of IIV research in human development such as whether IIV in adult development is an indicator of vulnerability or resilience, the association between short-term IIV and long-term developmental change, and multiple time-scale design and analysis. The volume concludes with a look at the future of intraindividual variation analysis. Intended for advanced students and researchers in developmental psychology across the life-span, social, personality, and health psychology, as well as sociology, family studies, gerontology, education, and medicine, interested in intraindividual variability of behavior and its role in human development, this book also serves as a text for graduate courses on longitudinal analysis, multilevel modeling, and/or (advanced) data analysis offered in these departments. Knowledge in human development or life course sociology and graduate-level statistics is recommended.

Handbook of Evidence-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826127959
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Evidence-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents by : Lea A. Theodore, PhD

Download or read book Handbook of Evidence-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents written by Lea A. Theodore, PhD and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-07-20 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A step-by-step resource for treating more than 40 prevalent issues with proven strategies This comprehensive handbook for evidence-based mental health and learning interventions with children and adolescents is distinguished by its explicit yet concise guidance on implementation in practice. With a compendium of proven strategies for resolving more than 40 of the most pressing and prevalent issues facing young people, the book provides immediate guidance and uniform step-by-step instructions for resolving issues ranging from psychopathological disorders to academic problems. Busy academics, practitioners, and trainees in schools and outpatient clinical settings will find this resource to be an invaluable desktop reference for facilitating well-informed decision-making. Unlike other volumes that ignore or merely reference the evidence base of various interventions, this book focuses on providing immediate, empirically supported guidance for putting these strategies into direct practice. Issues covered include crisis interventions and response, social and emotional issues, academic/learning issues, psychopathological disorders, neuropsychological disorders, and the behavioral management of childhood health issues. Each chapter follows a consistent format including a brief description of the problem and associated characteristics, etiology and contributing factors, and three evidence-based, step-by-step sets of instructions for implementation. Additionally, each chapter provides several websites offering further information about the topic. Featuring contributions from leading scholars and practitioners on each issue covered, this book will be a valuable resource for child clinical and school psychologists, counselors, social workers, and therapists as well as other health and mental health professionals whose primary practice is with children and adolescents. Key Features: Demonstrates step-by-step, evidence-based interventions for more than 40 common childhood issues Provides treatment procedures that can be immediately put into practice Covers a wide range of mental health and academic/learning issues for children and adolescents Relevance for both school-based and clinically-based practice Includes contributions by noted experts in the field

Positive Psychology

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136583084
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis Positive Psychology by : Alan Carr

Download or read book Positive Psychology written by Alan Carr and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remediating deficits and managing disabilities has been a central preoccupation for clinical psychologists. Positive Psychology, in contrast, is concerned with the enhancement of happiness and well-being, involving the scientific study of the role of personal strengths and positive social systems in the promotion of optimal wellbeing. Alan Carr's Positive Psychology has become essential reading for anyone requiring a thorough and accessible introduction to the field. This new edition retains all the features that made the first edition so popular, including: accounts of major theories and relevant research learning objectives chapter summaries research and personal development questions suggestions for further reading measures for use in research glossaries of new terms. The book has also been completely updated to take account of recent research and major advances, and includes a new chapter on Positive Psychotherapy, an extended account of research on character strengths and virtues, and a discussion of recent ground-breaking research on emotional intelligence. This new edition of Positive Psychology will prove a valuable resource for psychology students and lecturers, as well as those involved in postgraduate training in related areas such as clinical psychology, social work, counselling and psychotherapy.

Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics

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Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412916119
Total Pages : 1417 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics by : Neil J. Salkind

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics written by Neil J. Salkind and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007 with total page 1417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description

Self-Concept Clarity

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331971547X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Concept Clarity by : Jennifer Lodi-Smith

Download or read book Self-Concept Clarity written by Jennifer Lodi-Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This welcome resource traces the evolution of self-concept clarity and brings together diverse strands of research on this important and still-developing construct. Locating self-concept clarity within current models of personality, identity, and the self, expert contributors define the construct and its critical roles in both individual and collective identity and functioning. The book examines commonly-used measures for assessing clarity, particularly in relation to the more widely understood concept of self-esteem, with recommendations for best practices in assessment. In addition, a wealth of current data highlights the links between self-concept clarity and major areas of mental wellness and dysfunction, from adaptation and leadership to body image issues and schizophrenia. Along the way, it outlines important future directions in research on self-concept clarity. Included in the coverage: Situating self-concept clarity in the landscape of personality. Development of self-concept clarity across the lifespan. Self-concept clarity and romantic relationships. Who am I and why does it matter? Linking personal identity and self-concept clarity. Consequences of self-concept clarity for well-being and motivation. Self-concept clarity and psychopathology. Self-Concept Clarity fills varied theoretical, empirical, and practical needs across mental health fields, and will enhance the work of academics, psychologists interested in the construct as an area of research, and clinicians working with clients struggling with developing and improving their self-concept clarity.

International Advances in Self Research - volume 1

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Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1607528886
Total Pages : 434 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis International Advances in Self Research - volume 1 by : Herbert Marsh

Download or read book International Advances in Self Research - volume 1 written by Herbert Marsh and published by IAP. This book was released on 2003-10-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MISSION STATEMENT: Maximising self-concept is recognised as a critical goal in itself and a means to facilitate other desirable outcomes in a diversity of settings. The desire to feel positively about oneself and the benefits of this feeling on choice, planning, persistence, and subsequent accomplishments transcend traditional disciplinary barriers and are central to goals in many social policy areas. ‘International Advances in Self Research’ monograph series publishes scholarly works that primarily focus on self-concept research and pertain to a broad array of self-related constructs and processes including self-esteem, self-efficacy, identity, motivation, anxiety, self-attributions, self-regulated learning, and meta-cognition. The research focus of the monograph series includes theory underlying these constructs, their measurement, their relation to each other and to other constructs, their enhancement and their application in research and practice. Chapters address a wide cross-section of: settings participants and research areas This series has a special interest in self-concept theory and research in settings characterised by diversity, such as special education, linguistic diversity, socioeconomic and cultural diversity.

Encyclopedia of Adolescence

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441916946
Total Pages : 3161 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Adolescence by : Roger J.R. Levesque

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Adolescence written by Roger J.R. Levesque and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-05 with total page 3161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Adolescence breaks new ground as an important central resource for the study of adolescence. Comprehensive in breath and textbook in depth, the Encyclopedia of Adolescence – with entries presented in easy-to-access A to Z format – serves as a reference repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new knowledge long before such information trickles down from research to standard textbooks. By making full use of Springer’s print and online flexibility, the Encyclopedia is at the forefront of efforts to advance the field by pushing and creating new boundaries and areas of study that further our understanding of adolescents and their place in society. Substantively, the Encyclopedia draws from four major areas of research relating to adolescence. The first broad area includes research relating to "Self, Identity and Development in Adolescence". This area covers research relating to identity, from early adolescence through emerging adulthood; basic aspects of development (e.g., biological, cognitive, social); and foundational developmental theories. In addition, this area focuses on various types of identity: gender, sexual, civic, moral, political, racial, spiritual, religious, and so forth. The second broad area centers on "Adolescents’ Social and Personal Relationships". This area of research examines the nature and influence of a variety of important relationships, including family, peer, friends, sexual and romantic as well as significant nonparental adults. The third area examines "Adolescents in Social Institutions". This area of research centers on the influence and nature of important institutions that serve as the socializing contexts for adolescents. These major institutions include schools, religious groups, justice systems, medical fields, cultural contexts, media, legal systems, economic structures, and youth organizations. "Adolescent Mental Health" constitutes the last major area of research. This broad area of research focuses on the wide variety of human thoughts, actions, and behaviors relating to mental health, from psychopathology to thriving. Major topic examples include deviance, violence, crime, pathology (DSM), normalcy, risk, victimization, disabilities, flow, and positive youth development.

Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents

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Author :
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1607527502
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents by : Tim Urdan

Download or read book Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Adolescents written by Tim Urdan and published by IAP. This book was released on 2006-02-01 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of the psychological construct of self-efficacy is widely acknowledged as one of the most important developments in the history of psychology. Today, it is simply not possible to explain phenomena such as human motivation, learning, self-regulation, and accomplishment without discussing the role played by self-efficacy beliefs. In this, the fifth volume of our series on adolescence and education, we focus on the self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents. We are proud and fortunate to be able to bring together the most prominent voices in the study of self-efficacy, including that of the Father of Social Cognitive Theory and of self-efficacy, Professor Albert Bandura. It is our hope, and our expectation, that this volume will become required reading for all students and scholars in the areas of adolescence and of motivation and, of course, for all who play a pivotal role in the education and care of youth.

Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123814774
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning by : Sanna Jarvela

Download or read book Social and Emotional Aspects of Learning written by Sanna Jarvela and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-02-17 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social and emotional aspects of schooling and the learning environment can dramatically affect one's attention, understanding, and memory for learning. This topic has been of increasing interest in both psychology and education, leading to an entire section being devoted to it in the third edition of the International Encyclopedia of Education. Thirty-three articles from the Encyclopedia form this concise reference which focuses on such topics as social and emotional development, anxiety in schools, effects of mood on motivation, peer learning, and friendship and social networks. Saves researchers time in summarizing in one place what is otherwise an interdisciplinary field in cognitive psychology, personality, sociology, and education Level of presentation focuses on critical research, leaving out the extraneous and focusing on need-to-know information Contains contributions from top international researchers in the field Makes MRW content affordable to individual researchers

Self-Esteem Issues and Answers

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Author :
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134952708
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Self-Esteem Issues and Answers by : Michael H. Kernis

Download or read book Self-Esteem Issues and Answers written by Michael H. Kernis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and theory on self-esteem have flourished in recent years. This resurgence has produced multiple perpectives on fundamental issues surrounding the nature of self-esteem and its role in psychological functioning and interpersonal processes. Self-Esteem Issues and Answers brings together these various perspectives in a unique format. The book is divided into five sections. Section I focuses on core issues pertaining to the conceptualization and assesment of self-esteem, and when self-esteem is optimal. Section II concentrates on the determinants, development, and modifiability of self-esteem. Section III examines the evolutionary significance of self-esteem and its role in psychological processes and therapeutic settings. Section IV explores the social, relational, and cultural significance of self-esteem. Finally, Section V considers future directions for self-esteem researchers, practitioners, parents and teachers. This volume offers a wealth of perspectives from prominent researchers from different areas of psychology. Each expert contributor was asked to focus his or her chapter on a central self-esteem issue. Three or four experts addressed each question. The result is that Self-Esteem Issues and Answers provides a comprehensive sourcebook of current perspectives on a wide range of central self-esteem issues.

Handbook of Psychiatric Measures

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Author :
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 1585629065
Total Pages : 865 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Psychiatric Measures by : A. John Rush Jr.

Download or read book Handbook of Psychiatric Measures written by A. John Rush Jr. and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2009-03-20 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Psychiatric Measures offers a concise summary of key evaluations that you can easily incorporate into your daily practice. The measures will enhance the quality of patient care assisting you, both in diagnosis and assessment of outcomes. Comprising a wide range of methods available for assessing persons with mental health problems, the Handbook contains more than 275 rating methods, from the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale to the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. In this fully revised edition, more than 40 measures have been added both to the book and to the accompanying CD-ROM. The Handbook features: Thoroughly examined and revised measures that provide the most relevant and timely information for clinicians. New measures that empirically provide better patient evaluation Updated costs, translations, and contact information for each measure This handy compendium includes both diagnostic tools and measures of symptoms, function and quality of life, medication side effects, and other clinically relevant parameters. It focuses on measures that can be most readily used in either clinical practice or research. Most of the measures are designed to improve the reliability and validity of patient assessment over what might be accomplished in a standard clinical interview. The measures also demonstrate that the use of formal measures can improve the collection, synthesis, and reporting of information as compared with the use of unstructured examinations. Seventeen disorder-specific chapters, organized in DSM-IV-TR order, include measures for: Disorders of childhood and adolescence Cognitive disorders Sexual dysfunction Eating disorders Sleep disorders Aggression and much more. The discussion of each measure includes goals, description, practical issues, psychometric properties, and clinical utility, followed by references and suggested readings. This revised edition includes updated measure descriptions, new measure variants and research, and newly selected measures particularly appropriate to the domain of discussion. As a clinical tool, this book Describes how, when, and to what purpose measures are used Points out practical issues to consider in choosing a measure for clinical use Addresses limitations in the use of measures including ethnic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors that influence their interpretation Use of this special resource is further enhanced by a CD-ROM containing the full text of more than 150 of these measures -- an invaluable aid for reference and clinical decision-making.

Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135591806
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (355 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools by : Michael J. Furlong

Download or read book Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools written by Michael J. Furlong and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-03-04 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National surveys consistently reveal that an inordinate number of students report high levels of boredom, anger, and stress in school, which often leads to their disengagement from critical learning and social development. If the ultimate goal of schools is to educate young people to become responsible and critically thinking citizens who can succeed in life, understanding factors that stimulate them to become active agents in their own leaning is critical. A new field labeled "positive psychology" is one lens that can be used to investigate factors that facilitate a student’s sense of agency and active school engagement. The purposes of this groundbreaking Handbook are to 1) describe ways that positive emotions, traits, and institutions promote school achievement and healthy social/emotional development 2) describe how specific positive-psychological constructs relate to students and schools and support the delivery of school-based services and 3) describe the application of positive psychology to educational policy making. By doing so, the book provides a long-needed centerpiece around which the field can continue to grow in an organized and interdisciplinary manner. Key features include: Comprehensive – this book is the first to provide a comprehensive review of what is known about positive psychological constructs and the school experiences of children and youth. Topical coverage ranges from conceptual foundations to assessment and intervention issues to service delivery models. Intrapersonal factors (e.g., hope, life satisfaction) and interpersonal factors (e.g., positive peer and family relationships) are examined as is classroom-and-school-level influences (e.g., student-teacher and school-community relations). Interdisciplinary Focus – this volume brings together the divergent perspectives, methods, and findings of a broad, interdisciplinary community of scholars whose work often fails to reach those working in contiguous fields. Chapter Structure – to insure continuity, flow, and readability chapters are organized as follows: overview, research summary, relationship to student development, examples of real-world applications, and a summarizing table showing implications for future research and practice. Methodologies – chapters feature longitudinal studies, person-centered approaches, experimental and quasi-experimental designs and mixed methods.