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Measuring And Modeling The Composition Of Secondary Organic Aerosol
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Book Synopsis Measuring and Modeling the Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol by : Michael James Apsokardu
Download or read book Measuring and Modeling the Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol written by Michael James Apsokardu and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modeling and measurement approaches discussed in this dissertation are tools that future members of our research group will be able to utilize for studies of measuring and modeling the composition of secondary organic aerosol. Both current and future projects using measurement and modeling approaches are discussed at the conclusion of this dissertation.
Book Synopsis Laboratory Experiments and Modeling for Interpreting Field Studies of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Using an Oxidation Flow Reactor by :
Download or read book Laboratory Experiments and Modeling for Interpreting Field Studies of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Using an Oxidation Flow Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grant was originally funded for deployment of a suite of aerosol instrumentation by our group in collaboration with other research groups and DOE/ARM to the Ganges Valley in India (GVAX) to study aerosols sources and processing. Much of the first year of this grant was focused on preparations for GVAX. That campaign was cancelled due to political reasons and with the consultation with our program manager, the research of this grant was refocused to study the applications of oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) for investigating secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation and organic aerosol (OA) processing in the field and laboratory through a series of laboratory and modeling studies. We developed a gas-phase photochemical model of an OFR which was used to 1) explore the sensitivities of key output variables (e.g., OH exposure, O3, HO2/OH) to controlling factors (e.g., water vapor, external reactivity, UV irradiation), 2) develop simplified OH exposure estimation equations, 3) investigate under what conditions non-OH chemistry may be important, and 4) help guide design of future experiments to avoid conditions with undesired chemistry for a wide range of conditions applicable to the ambient, laboratory, and source studies. Uncertainties in the model were quantified and modeled OH exposure was compared to tracer decay measurements of OH exposure in the lab and field. Laboratory studies using OFRs were conducted to explore aerosol yields and composition from anthropogenic and biogenic VOC as well as crude oil evaporates. Various aspects of the modeling and laboratory results and tools were applied to interpretation of ambient and source measurements using OFR. Additionally, novel measurement methods were used to study gas/particle partitioning. The research conducted was highly successful and details of the key results are summarized in this report through narrative text, figures, and a complete list of publications acknowledging this grant.
Book Synopsis Determination of Secondary Organic Aerosol Sources, Precursors, and Properties Using Novel Measurement and Modeling Techniques by : Giulia Stefenelli
Download or read book Determination of Secondary Organic Aerosol Sources, Precursors, and Properties Using Novel Measurement and Modeling Techniques written by Giulia Stefenelli and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering by : Mark E. Davis
Download or read book Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering written by Mark E. Davis and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Appropriate for a one-semester undergraduate or first-year graduate course, this text introduces the quantitative treatment of chemical reaction engineering. It covers both homogeneous and heterogeneous reacting systems and examines chemical reaction engineering as well as chemical reactor engineering. Each chapter contains numerous worked-out problems and real-world vignettes involving commercial applications, a feature widely praised by reviewers and teachers. 2003 edition.
Book Synopsis Molecular Composition, Volatility, and Formation Mechanisms of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by : Emma Louise D'Ambro
Download or read book Molecular Composition, Volatility, and Formation Mechanisms of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol written by Emma Louise D'Ambro and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemistry of Secondary Organic Aerosol by : Lindsay Diana Yee
Download or read book Chemistry of Secondary Organic Aerosol written by Lindsay Diana Yee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The photooxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere can lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a major component of fine particulate matter. Improvements to air quality require insight into the many reactive intermediates that lead to SOA formation, of which only a small fraction have been measured at the molecular level. This thesis describes the chemistry of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from several atmospherically relevant hydrocarbon precursors. Photooxidation experiments of methoxyphenol and phenolic compounds and C12 alkanes were conducted in the Caltech Environmental Chamber. These experiments include the first photooxidation studies of these precursors run under sufficiently low NOx levels, such that RO2 + HO2 chemistry dominates, an important chemical regime in the atmosphere. Using online Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometery (CIMS), key gas-phase intermediates that lead to SOA formation in these systems were identified. With complementary particle-phase analyses, chemical mechanisms elucidating the SOA formation from these compounds are proposed. Three methoxyphenol species (phenol, guaiacol, and syringol) were studied to model potential photooxidation schemes of biomass burning intermediates. SOA yields (ratio of mass of SOA formed to mass of primary organic reacted) exceeding 25% are observed. Aerosol growth is rapid and linear with the organic conversion, consistent with the formation of essentially non-volatile products. Gas and aerosol-phase oxidation products from the guaiacol system show that the chemical mechanism consists of highly oxidized aromatic species in the particle phase. Syringol SOA yields are lower than that of phenol and guaiacol, likely due to unique chemistry dependent on methoxy group position. The photooxidation of several C12 alkanes of varying structure n-dodecane, 2-methylundecane, cyclododecane, and hexylcyclohexane) were run under extended OH exposure to investigate the effect of molecular structure on SOA yields and photochemical aging. Peroxyhemiacetal formation from the reactions of several multifunctional hydroperoxides and aldehyde intermediates was found to be central to organic growth in all systems, and SOA yields increased with cyclic character of the starting hydrocarbon. All of these studies provide direction for future experiments and modeling in order to lessen outstanding discrepancies between predicted and measured SOA.
Book Synopsis Real-time Measurements of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Aging from Ambient Air in an Oxidation Flow Reactor in the Los Angeles Area by :
Download or read book Real-time Measurements of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Aging from Ambient Air in an Oxidation Flow Reactor in the Los Angeles Area written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Developing Models of Aerosol Representation to Investigate Composition, Evolution, Optical Properties, and CCN Spectra Using Measurements of Size-resolved Hygroscopicity by : Roberto Gasparini
Download or read book Developing Models of Aerosol Representation to Investigate Composition, Evolution, Optical Properties, and CCN Spectra Using Measurements of Size-resolved Hygroscopicity written by Roberto Gasparini and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Differential Mobility Analyzer/Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA/TDMA) was used to measure size distributions, hygroscopicity, and volatility during the May 2003 Aerosol Intensive Operational Period at the Central Facility of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains site. Hygroscopic growth factor distributions for particles at eight dry diameters ranging from 0.012 [mu]m to 0.600 [mu]m were measured. These measurements, along with backtrajectory clustering, were used to infer aerosol composition and evolution. The hygroscopic growth of the smallest and largest particles analyzed was typically less than that of particles with dry diameters of about 0.100 [mu]m. Condensation of secondary organic aerosol on nucleation mode particles may be responsible for the minimal growth observed at the smallest sizes. Growth factor distributions of the largest particles typically contained a non-hygroscopic mode believed to be composed of dust. A model was developed to characterize the hygroscopic properties of particles within a size distribution mode through analysis of the fixed-size hygroscopic growth measurements. This model was used to examine three cases in which the sampled aerosol evolved over a period of hours or days. Additionally, size and hygroscopicity information were combined to model the aerosol as a population of multi-component particles. With this model, the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor f(RH), relating the submicron scattering at high RH to that at low RH, is predicted. The f(RH) values predicted when the hygroscopic fraction of the aerosol is assumed to be metastable agree better with measurements than do those predicted under the assumption of crystalline aerosol. Agreement decreases at RH greater than 65%. This multi-component aerosol model is used to derive cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra for comparison with spectra measured directly with two Desert Research Institute (DRI) CCN spectrometers. Among the 1490 pairs of DMA/TDMA-predicted and DRI-measured CCN concentrations at various critical supersaturations from 0.02-1.05%, the sample number-weighted mean R2 value is 0.74. CCN concentrations are slightly overpredicted at both the lowest (0.02-0.04%) and highest (0.80-1.05%) supersaturations measured. Overall, this multi-component aerosol model based on size distributions and size-resolved hygroscopicity yields reasonable predictions of the humidity-dependent optical properties and CCN spectra of the aerosol.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from [delta]3-carene by : Christopher James Colville
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from [delta]3-carene written by Christopher James Colville and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Molecular Characterization of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by High-resolution Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by : Felipe Daniel Lopez-Hilfiker
Download or read book A Molecular Characterization of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by High-resolution Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry written by Felipe Daniel Lopez-Hilfiker and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The guiding question to this research is: To what extent and by what mechanisms do biogenic volatile organic compounds contribute to atmospheric aerosol mass? To address this question we need to understand the chemistry that produces condensable vapors which when in the presence of particles may partition onto the aerosol surface depending on their chemical and physical properties. I developed an insitu gas and aerosol sampling system, the FIGAERO (Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsol) to speciate gas and particle phase organics derived from photochemical reactions with biogenic volatile organic compounds under both field and laboratory conditions. By coupling the FIGAERO to a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) I am able to elucidate chemical pathways by identifying elemental compositions and in some cases functional groups present in the detected molecular ions. The coupling of the FIGAERO to the HR-TOF-CIMS also allows the estimation of effective vapor pressures of the aerosol components and this information can be used to improve vapor pressure models and test associated partitioning theories and parameterizations. The approach also provides hundreds of speciated chemical tracers that can be correlated with traditional environmental and chemical measurements (e.g AMS, NOx, SO2, SMPS, VOC) to help derive sources and sinks and to constrain the mechanisms responsible for the formation and growth of organic aerosol. Measurements obtained across a wide range of conditions and locations allowing connections and contrasts between different chemical systems, providing insights into generally controlling factors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its properties.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIX by : Carlos Borrego
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIX written by Carlos Borrego and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-22 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1969, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) established the C- mittee on Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS). The subject of air pollution was from the start one of the priority problems under study within the framework of various pilot studies undertaken by this committee. The organization of a periodic conference dealing with air pollution modelling and its application has become one of the main activities within the pilot study relating to air pollution. The first five international conferences were organized by the United States as the pilot country, the second five by the Federal Republic of Germany, the third five by Belgium, the fourth four by The Netherlands, the next five by Denmark and the last five by Portugal. This volume contains the abstracts of papers and posters presented at the 29th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application, held in Aveiro, Portugal, during September 24–28, 2007. This ITM was organized by the University of Aveiro, Portugal (Pilot Country and Host Organization). The key topics distinguished at this ITM included: Local and urban scale modelling; Regional and intercontinental modelling; Data assimilation and air quality forecasting; Model assessment and verification; Aerosols in the atmosphere; Interactions between climate change and air quality; Air quality and human health.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXI by : Douw G. Steyn
Download or read book Air Pollution Modeling and its Application XXI written by Douw G. Steyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-10-09 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments in air pollution modeling and its application are explored here in contributions by researchers at the forefront of their field. The book is focused on local, urban, regional and intercontinental modeling; data assimilation and air quality forecasting; model assessment and evaluation; aerosol transformation; the relationship between air quality and human health and the effects of climate change on air quality. The work will provide useful reference material for students and professors interested in air pollution modeling at the graduate level as well as researchers and professionals involved in developing and utilizing air pollution models.
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol by : Mirjam Sax
Download or read book Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol written by Mirjam Sax and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chamber Studies and Modeling of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by : Arthur W. H. Chan
Download or read book Chamber Studies and Modeling of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation written by Arthur W. H. Chan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Complex Mixtures by : Emma Quinn Walhout
Download or read book Complex Mixtures written by Emma Quinn Walhout and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex organic mixtures in the environment can contain hundreds to thousands of different organic molecules, and their composition and reactivity can have important environmental implications. In addition to gases, the atmosphere is made of a variety of small liquids and solids called aerosols. These aerosols have large impacts on human health, climate, and atmospheric chemical reactions. Here, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the ozonolysis of [alpha]-pinene is characterized. The atmospheric lifetime of SOA is very uncertain, but recent laboratory and modeling studies have demonstrated that photolysis is potentially an important process for organic mass loss from aerosol particles.1-5 Photolysis modifies the molecular composition and properties of aerosols through photolytic cleaving and repartitioning of volatile products. Characterization of dry, irradiated SOA can provide insights into photolysis driven changes in absorption properties and chemical composition. These results illuminate aging mechanisms and chemical and physical properties of organic aerosols in order to improve atmospheric modeling and the understanding of atmospheric chemical reactions. However, the high chemical complexity and low atmospheric abundance presents a difficult analytical challenge. Milligrams, or more, of material may be needed for speciated spectroscopic analysis.6 This study used a suite of advanced analytical techniques, including a novel combination of action spectroscopy and mass spectrometry that provides more structural information on organic mixtures than mass spectrometry alone. This study also used tunable light from a free electron laser, infrared and UV/Vis absorption, and computational chemistry to characterize molecules in [alpha]-pinene SOA. In addition, complex organic mixtures are also found in particulate matter that has deposited onto Earth’s surface. The preliminary results of dew analysis, including a foundation method of analysis for future study, gives the first look at organic material deposited into dew water on natural surfaces. This offers insight into atmospheric organic deposition to better understand chemical transport, air quality, and carbon cycling in the atmosphere.
Book Synopsis Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants by :
Download or read book Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants written by and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1977-01-01 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Connecting Organic Aerosol Climate-Relevant Properties to Chemical Mechanisms of Sources and Processing by :
Download or read book Connecting Organic Aerosol Climate-Relevant Properties to Chemical Mechanisms of Sources and Processing written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research conducted on this project aimed to improve our understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in the atmosphere, and how the properties of the SOA impact climate through its size, phase state, and optical properties. The goal of this project was to demonstrate that the use of molecular composition information to mechanistically connect source apportionment and climate properties can improve the physical basis for simulation of SOA formation and properties in climate models. The research involved developing and improving methods to provide online measurements of the molecular composition of SOA under atmospherically relevant conditions and to apply this technology to controlled simulation chamber experiments and field measurements. The science we have completed with the methodology will impact the simulation of aerosol particles in climate models.
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