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Measurements And Modeling Of Coal Ash Deposition In An Entrained Flow Reactor
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Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Coal Ash Deposition in an Entrained-flow Reactor by : Ryan P. Blanchard
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Coal Ash Deposition in an Entrained-flow Reactor written by Ryan P. Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements showed fly ash particle sizes that were much smaller than predicted under a non-fragmentation assumption. Use of a fragmentation model matched mean particle diameters well but did not match the upper tail of the particle sizes where inertial impaction takes place. Assuming 100% capture efficiency for all particles provided reasonably good agreement with measured deposition rates. The observed trend of lower deposition rates under reducing conditions was captured when the gas viscosity was calculated using the probe temperature.
Book Synopsis Prediction of Ash Deposition for Biomass Combustion and Coal by : Mohammed Umar Garba
Download or read book Prediction of Ash Deposition for Biomass Combustion and Coal written by Mohammed Umar Garba and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, a model that couples a reduced alkali kinetic mechanism for alkali sulphate formation during biomass combustion with an ash deposition model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques has been presented. Starting with a detailed gas-phase kinetic mechanism for the alkali chemistry, a systematic reduction procedure has been performed using a sensitivity analysis to reduce the reaction mechanism to a level that can be implemented into a CFD calculation. An ash deposition model that takes into consideration the ash-sticking probability and the condensation of potassium salts has been developed. The reduced mechanism and the deposition model developed are implemented into a CFD model to predict ash depositions in a 10 MWth biomass grate furnace. Also, a CFD model to predict the deposition rates for the co-combustion of coal with biomass has been developed. This deposition model is based on the combined sticking probabilities of the ash particle viscosity and the melting behaviour of the ash particles. A Numerical Slagging Index (NSI) is also employed to estimate the degree of the sintering of the deposits. Experimental data from the Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR) at Imperial College, London, have been used to validate the models. The predicted results from both the ash deposition models agreed with the experimental measurements, and the NSI has successfully ranked the investigated coal-biomass mixtures according to their degree of sintering.
Book Synopsis A Method for Making in Situ Emittance Measurements of Coal Ash Deposits by : Travis J. Moore
Download or read book A Method for Making in Situ Emittance Measurements of Coal Ash Deposits written by Travis J. Moore and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The experimental procedure consisted of burning coal in a down-fired entrained-flow reactor and collecting ash deposits on a circular probe under controlled conditions. Spectra collected from a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer were combined with an instrument response function to measure the spectral emissive power from the surface of the ash deposit. The spectral emissive power was used to infer the deposit surface temperature. These two measurements were used to calculate the spectral emittance of the deposit. This experimental method was validated by measuring the known temperature and spectral emittance of a blackbody radiator.
Book Synopsis The Impact Of Ash Deposition On Coal Fired Plants by : Jim Williamson
Download or read book The Impact Of Ash Deposition On Coal Fired Plants written by Jim Williamson and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-10-12 with total page 1103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal provides almost 40% of the world's electricity, and despite the understandable concern with respect to the environmental impact associated with coal use, forecasts from the International Energy Agency predict, that worldwide coal use will increase by up to 2% per annum until the year 2OlO. Faced with this increase, it is clearly important that the most efficient and environmentally acceptable clean coal technologies are available. This book is comprised of the proceedings of the Engineering Foundation Conference held in June 1993 in England. The objective of the conference was to present ideas on methods of predicting and reducing the effects of ash deposition in coal conversion systems, highlighting the problems experienced in industry, considering both utilities and industrial plants, and providing a view of the technology of coal ash deposition and its impact. Better techniques are needed to reduce the impact of ash deposition in coal fired plants, and these proceedings should form a reference document for anyone either experiencing slagging or actively engaged in trying to understand or eliminate the phenomenon.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Combustion of Gases, Liquid Fuels, Coal and Biomass by : Peter B. Sunderland
Download or read book Advances in Combustion of Gases, Liquid Fuels, Coal and Biomass written by Peter B. Sunderland and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue of Energies on “Advances in Combustion of Gases, Liquid Fuels, Coal and Biomass” includes five manuscripts on combustion research related to energy production. Both fundamental and applied research is included. The papers contain state-of-the-art experiments, computations, and theory. Combustion provides an estimated 85% of the world’s energy consumption. Advances in combustion research can benefit society in three main ways. Improving energy efficiency can reduce fuel consumption. Improving emissions can reduce climate change and adverse health effects. Improving fire and explosion safety can protect people, property, and the environment. The topical areas covered by this Special Issue are broad. It is hoped that this breadth will lead to a better understanding of combustion and improved diagnostic and numerical tools. This, in turn, may result in improved combustors, a cleaner environment, novel fuels, and improved safety and energy security.
Book Synopsis Advances in Bioprocess Technology by : Pogaku Ravindra
Download or read book Advances in Bioprocess Technology written by Pogaku Ravindra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an extensive overview of the latest research in environmentally benign integrated bioprocess technology. The cutting edge bioprocess technologies highlighted in the book include bioenergy from lignocellulose materials, biomass gasification, ethanol, butanol, biodiesel from agro waste, enzymatic bioprocess technology, food fermentation with starter cultures, and intellectual property rights for bioprocesses. This book further addresses niche technologies in bioprocesses that broadens readers’ understanding of downstream processing for bio products and membrane technology for bioprocesses. The latest developments in biomass and bioenergy technology are reviewed exhaustively, including IPR rights, nanotechnology for bioenergy products, biomass gasification, and biomass combustion. This is an ideal book for scientists, engineers, students, as well as members of industry and policy-makers. This book also: Addresses cutting-edge technologies in bioprocesses Broadens readers’ understanding of metabolic engineering, downstream processing for bioproducts, and membrane technology for bioprocesses Reviews exhaustively the latest developments in biomass and bioenergy technology, including nanotechnology for bioenergy products, biomass gasification, biomass combustion, and more
Book Synopsis Simulation of Coal Ash Deposition on Modern Turbine Nozzle Guide Vanes by : Brett Jordan Barker
Download or read book Simulation of Coal Ash Deposition on Modern Turbine Nozzle Guide Vanes written by Brett Jordan Barker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A numerical study of the physical mechanisms associated with the deposition of coal ash particulate on a blade passage of the first stage of the GE-E3 turbine was performed. The software package FLUENT was used to model the flow through the turbine passage and predict the trajectory of particles injected into the flow using an Euler-Lagrangian two phase approach. The standard k-[omega] turbulence model was used for its accuracy at modeling flow very near to the wall. A critical impact velocity sticking model and a critical viscosity sticking model were compared for their usability and accuracy predicting deposition locations and quantities. The critical impact velocity sticking model was chosen due to the extensive work that has been done at BYU to calibrate the model to experimental data. The critical viscosity sticking model proved simple to use but required additional calibration beyond the initial modeling. The simulations were compared to experimental results obtained from the Turbine Reacting Flow Rig (TuRFR) at The Ohio State University. Finally, modifications were made to the hub end wall geometry to mitigate deposition growth. The hub end wall inlet angle to the axial was decreased by 30 degrees and showed an over-all 18% decrease in deposition mass. The area near the hub wall and pressure surface of the vane showed marked improvement; however, there was a slight increase in deposition along the mid-span region of the turbine vane.
Book Synopsis Computational Modeling of Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers by : Vivek V. Ranade
Download or read book Computational Modeling of Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers written by Vivek V. Ranade and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harness State-of-the-Art Computational Modeling Tools Computational Modeling of Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers successfully establishes the use of computational modeling as an effective means to simulate and enhance boiler performance. This text factors in how computational flow models can provide a framework for developing a greater understanding o
Book Synopsis Mineral Matter and Ash Deposition from Coal by :
Download or read book Mineral Matter and Ash Deposition from Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Correlation Between the Critical Viscosity and Ash Fusion Temperatures of Coal Gasifier Ashes* by :
Download or read book Correlation Between the Critical Viscosity and Ash Fusion Temperatures of Coal Gasifier Ashes* written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal gasification yields synthesis gas, an important intermediate in chemical manufacturing. It is also vital to the production of liquid fuels through the Fischer-Tropsch process and electricity in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle power generation. Minerals naturally present in coal become molten in entrained-flow slagging gasifiers. Molten coal ash slag penetrates and dissolves refractory bricks, leading to costly plant shutdowns. The extent of coal ash slag penetration and refractory brick dissolution depends on the slag viscosity, the gasification temperature, and the composition of slag and bricks. We measured the viscosity of several synthetic coal ash slags with a high-temperature rotary viscometer and their ash fusion temperatures through optical image analysis. All measurements were made in a carbon monoxide-carbon dioxide reducing atmosphere that approximates coal gasification conditions. Empirical correlation models based on ash fusion temperatures were used to calculate critical viscosity temperatures based on the coal ash compositions. These values were then compared with those obtained from thermodynamic phase-transition models. An understanding of slag viscosity as a function of ash composition is important to reducing refractory wear in slagging coal gasifiers, which would help to reduce the cost and environmental impact of coal for chemical and electricity production.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Ash Deposition in a Pulverized-coal Boiler by Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method by :
Download or read book Modeling of Ash Deposition in a Pulverized-coal Boiler by Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Coal Ash Deposition on to a Superheater Tube by : Selahattin Yilmaz
Download or read book An Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Coal Ash Deposition on to a Superheater Tube written by Selahattin Yilmaz and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Solid Fuel Blending by : David Tillman
Download or read book Solid Fuel Blending written by David Tillman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Create affordable solid fuel blends that will burn efficiently while reducing the carbon footprint. Solid Fuel Blending Handbook: Principles, Practices, and Problems describes a new generation of solid fuel blending processes. The book includes discussions on such topics as flame structure and combustion performance, boiler efficiency, capacity as influenced by flue gas volume and temperature, slagging and fouling, corrosion, and emissions. Attention is given to the major types of combustion systems including stokers, pulverized coal, cyclone, and fluidized bed boilers. Specific topics considered include chlorine in one or more coals, alkali metals (e.g., K, Na) and alkali earth elements, and related topics. Coals of consideration include Appalachian, Interior Province, and Western bituminous coals; Powder River Basin (PRB) and other subbituminous coals; Fort Union and Gulf Coast lignites, and many of the off-shore coals (e.g., Adaro coal, an Indonesian subbituminous coal with very low sulfur; other off-shore coals from Germany, Poland, Australia, South Africa, Columbia, and more). Interactions between fuels and the potential for blends to be different from the parent coals will be a critical focus of this of the book. One stop source to solid fuel types and blending processes Evaluate combustion systems and calculate their efficiency Recognize the interactions between fuels and their potential energy output Be aware of the Environmental Aspects of Fuel Blending
Book Synopsis Inorganic Transformations and Ash Deposition During Combustion by : Steven A. Benson
Download or read book Inorganic Transformations and Ash Deposition During Combustion written by Steven A. Benson and published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This book was released on 1992 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Ash Deposition During Co-firing Biomass/peat with Coal in a Pilot-scale Fluidized-bed Reactor by : Yuanyuan Shao
Download or read book Investigation of Ash Deposition During Co-firing Biomass/peat with Coal in a Pilot-scale Fluidized-bed Reactor written by Yuanyuan Shao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass, a promising alternative to fossil fuels, has been applied widely for energy generation by co-firing technology in recent year particularly in the EU countries. In this thesis, a key issue of biomass co-firing technology - ash deposition in combustion, co-combustion and gasification, was comprehensively investigated in a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor. A custom-designed, air-cooled probe was installed in the freeboard zone of the reactor to simulate the heat-transfer surface and collect ash deposits from the process. A local lignite coal, a woody biomass (white pine), and a Canadian peat were involved in the tests. The main varying operating parameters investigated in this study included: blending ratio, air/fuel ratio, moisture content and sulphur addition for the combustion/combustion tests; equivalence ratio, bed materials and fuel types for the gasification tests. A new parameter, "relative deposition rate" (RDA) was proposed in this study to evaluate the relative deposition tendencies of biomass fuels and biomass-coal mixed fuels against the coal as the base fuel for co-firing. As expected, co-firing of the lignite and the wood pellets (with a much lower ash-content than the lignite) resulted in a decreased superficial rate of ash deposition. However, co-firing of woody biomass and lignite coal did not significantly increase the ash deposition tendency in terms of the values of RDA, and more interestingly, co-firing of the fuel blend of 50% lignite-50% white pine pellets produced a lower RDA. Co-combustion of three-fuel blend at 20%lignite-40%peat-40%pine resulted in the lowest deposition rate and the least deposition tendency among all the combustion tests with various mixed fuels or individual fuels. Another new and interesting discovery of this study was that fluidized-bed combustion of an individual fuel or a fuel blend with a higher moisture content produced not only a more uniform temperature profile along the fluidized-bed column but also a reduced ash deposition rate. A higher chlorine concentration in the feed would generally result in a higher tendency of ash deposition. Adding sulfur into the fuel of coal or peat could effectively decrease the chloride deposition in the ash deposits via sulphation. The sulphur addition could also reduce the ash deposition rate for the combustion of lignite, while it slightly increased the ash deposition rate for the peat fuel. In air-blown gasification of a woody biomass and a Canadian peat, the experimental results demonstrated that among the four bed materials (olivine, limestone, iron ore, and dolomite), the use of olivine resulted in the lowest ash deposition rate. The superb performance of olivine in retarding ash deposition could be accounted for by its outstanding thermal stability and mechanical strength. The other three bed materials, in particular limestone, were fragile during the fluidized bed gasification, and the fractured fines from the bed materials were found to deposit along with the fuel-ash on the heat transfer surface, leading to higher ash deposition rates. Finally, mathematical models parameterized with interactions between fuel chlorine, alkali and ash particles were developed to analyze the ash and chlorine deposition behavior based on the experimental data from co-firing peat with lignite coal. The developed equations in this study can not only describe the dependence of the deposition rate and the ash chlorine content on the fraction of peat, but can also determine suitable range of the peat fraction for smooth operations, which would be useful for co-firing other fuel blends.
Book Synopsis Fossil Energy Program Report by : United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy
Download or read book Fossil Energy Program Report written by United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
