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Measurement And Correlation Of Ice Accretion Roughness
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Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721577545 Total Pages :34 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (775 download)
Book Synopsis Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements were taken of the roughness characteristics of ice accreted on NACA 0012 airfoils in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). Tests were conducted with size scaled, using models with chords of 26.7, 53.3, and 80.0 cm, and with liquid-water content scaled, both according to previously-tested scaling methods. The width of the smooth zone which forms on either side of the leading edge of the airfoil and the diameter of the roughness elements are presented in non-dimensional form as functions of the accumulation parameter. The smooth-zone width was found to decrease with increasing accumulation parameter. The roughness-element diameter increased with accumulation parameter until a plateau was reached. This maximum diameter was about 0.06 times twice the model leading-edge radius. Neither smooth-zone width nor element diameter were affected by a change in freezing fraction from 0.2 to 0.4. Both roughness characteristics appeared to scale with model size and with liquid-water content. Anderson, David N. and Hentschel, Daniel B. and Ruff, Gary A. Glenn Research Center NASA/CR-2003-211823, E-13515, NAS 1.26:211823, AIAA Paper 98-0486
Book Synopsis Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness by :
Download or read book Measurement and Correlation of Ice Accretion Roughness written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement and Correlation of Ice-accretion Roughness by : David N. Anderson
Download or read book Measurement and Correlation of Ice-accretion Roughness written by David N. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Surface Roughness Associated with Leading Edge Ice Accretion by :
Download or read book Characteristics of Surface Roughness Associated with Leading Edge Ice Accretion written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spectral Analysis and Experimental Modeling of Ice Accretion Roughness by : D. J. Orr
Download or read book Spectral Analysis and Experimental Modeling of Ice Accretion Roughness written by D. J. Orr and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Analysis of Ice Accretion Roughness Using Spectral and Stochastic Techniques by : Doyle Jay Orr
Download or read book Quantitative Analysis of Ice Accretion Roughness Using Spectral and Stochastic Techniques written by Doyle Jay Orr and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ice Adhesion written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book containing 18 chapters is divided into three parts: Part 1: Fundamentals of Ice Formation and Ice Characteristics; Part 2: Ice Adhesion and Its Measurement; and Part 3: Methods to Mitigate Ice Adhesion. The topics covered Include: Factors influencing the formation, adhesion and friction of ice; ice nucleation on solid surfaces; physics of ice nucleation and growth on a surface; condensation frosting; defrosting properties of structured surfaces; relationship between surface free energy and ice adhesion to surfaces; metrology of ice adhesion; test methods for quantifying ice adhesion strength to surfaces; interlaboratory studies of ice adhesion strength; mechanisms of surface icing and deicing technologies; anti-icing using microstructured surfaces; durability assessment of icephobic coatings; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; challenges in rational fabrication of icephobic surfaces; protection from ice accretion on aircraft; and numerical modeling and its application to inflight icing.
Book Synopsis Ice Accretion and Icing Technology by : Robert J Flemming
Download or read book Ice Accretion and Icing Technology written by Robert J Flemming and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2015-04-16 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of inflight atmospheric icing can be devastating to aircraft. Universities and industry have been hard at work to respond to the challenge of maintaining flight safety in all weather conditions. Proposed changes in the regulations for operation in icing conditions are sure to keep this type of research and development at its highest level. This is especially true for the effects of ice crystals in the atmosphere, and for the threat associated with supercooled large drop (SLD) icing. This collection of ten SAE International technical papers brings together vital contributions to the subject. Icing on aircraft surfaces would not be a problem if a material were discovered that prevented the freezing and accretion of supercooled drops. Many options that appeared to have promising icephobic properties have had serious shortfalls in durability. This title addresses, among other topics, the measurement techniques and the drop physics that apply to icing, certification for flight through ice crystal clouds and in supercooled large drops, improvements in predictive techniques, scaling methods, test facilities and techniques, and rotorcraft icing.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Surface Roughness Effects on Glaze Ice Accretion by : R. John Hansman
Download or read book Modeling of Surface Roughness Effects on Glaze Ice Accretion written by R. John Hansman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Surface Roughness Aassociated with Leading Edge Ice Accretion by : Jaiwon Shin
Download or read book Characteristics of Surface Roughness Aassociated with Leading Edge Ice Accretion written by Jaiwon Shin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit by :
Download or read book 36th Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Ice Accretion and Persistence at Unmanned Sites by : Geoffrey E. Hill
Download or read book Measurement of Ice Accretion and Persistence at Unmanned Sites written by Geoffrey E. Hill and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Helicopter Rotor Noise Investigation During Ice Accretion by : Baofeng Cheng
Download or read book Helicopter Rotor Noise Investigation During Ice Accretion written by Baofeng Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigation of helicopter rotor noise during ice accretion is conducted using experimental, theoretical, and numerical methods. This research is the acoustic part of a joint helicopter rotor icing physics, modeling, and detection project at The Pennsylvania State University Vertical Lift Research Center of Excellence (VLRCOE). The current research aims to provide acoustic insight and understanding of the rotor icing physics and investigate the feasibility of detecting rotor icing through noise measurements, especially at the early stage of ice accretion. All helicopter main rotor noise source mechanisms and their change during ice accretion are discussed. Changes of the thickness noise, steady loading noise, and especially the turbulent boundary layer trailing edge (TBL-TE) noise due to ice accretion are identified and studied.The change of the discrete frequency noise (thickness noise and steady loading noise) due to ice accretion is calculated by using PSU-WOPWOP, an advanced rotorcraft acoustic prediction code. The change is noticeable, but too small to be used in icing detection. The small thickness noise change is due to the small volume of the accreted ice compared to that of the entire blade, although a large iced airfoil shape is used. For the loading noise calculation, two simplified methods are used to generate the loading on the rotor blades, which is the input for the loading noise calculation: 1) compact loading from blade element momentum theory, icing effects are considered by increasing the drag coefficient; and 2) pressure loading from the 2-D CFD simulation, icing effects are considered by using the iced airfoil shape.Comprehensive rotor broadband noise measurements are carried out on rotor blades with different roughness sizes and rotation speeds in two facilities: the Adverse Environment Rotor Test Stand (AERTS) facility at The Pennsylvania State University, and The University of Maryland Acoustic Chamber (UMAC). In both facilities the measured high-frequency broadband noise increases significantly with increasing surface roughness heights, which indicates that it is feasible to quantify helicopter rotor ice-induced surface roughness through acoustic measurements. Comprehensive broadband noise measurements based on different accreted ice roughness at AERTS are then used to form the data base from which a correlation between the ice-induced surface roughness and the broadband noise level is developed. Two parameters, the arithmetic average roughness height, R_a, and the averaged roughness height, based on the integrated ice thickness at the blade tip, are introduced to describe the ice-induced surface roughness at the early stage of the ice accretion. The ice roughness measurements are correlated to the measured broadband noise level. Strong correlations (absolute mean deviations of 9.3% and 11.2% for correlation using R_a and the averaged roughness height respectively) between the ice roughness and the broadband noise level are obtained, which can be used as a tool to determine the accreted ice roughness in the AERTS facility through acoustic measurement. It might be possible to use a similar approach to develop an early ice accretion detection tool for helicopters, as well as to quantify the ice-induced roughness at the early stage of rotor ice accretion. Rotor broadband noise source identification is conducted and the broadband noise related to ice accretion is argued to be turbulent boundary layer trailing edge (TBL-TE) noise. Theory suggests TBL-TE noise scales with Mach number to the fifth power, which is also observed in the experimental data. The trailing edge noise theories developed by Ffowcs Williams and Hall, and Howe both identify two important parameters: boundary layer thickness and turbulence intensity. Numerical studies of 2-D airfoils with different ice-induced surface roughness heights are conducted to investigate the extent that surface roughness impacts the boundary layer thickness and turbulence intensity (and ultimately the TBL-TE noise). The results show that boundary layer thickness and turbulence intensity at the trailing edge increase with the increased roughness height. Using Howes trailing edge noise model, the increased sound pressure level (SPL) of the trailing edge noise due to the increased displacement thickness and normalized integrated turbulence intensity are 6.2 dB and 1.6 dB for large and small accreted ice roughness heights, respectively. The estimated increased SPL values agree well with the experimental results, which are 5.8 dB and 2.6 dB for large and small roughness height, respectively.Finally a detailed broadband noise spectral scaling for all measured broadband noise in both AERTS and UMAC facilities is conducted. The magnitude and the frequency spectrum of the measured broadband noise are scaled on characteristic velocity and length. The peak of the laminar boundary layer vortex shedding (LBL-VS) noise coalesces well on the Strouhal scaling in those cases. For the measured broadband noise from a rotor with relatively large roughness heights, no contribution of the LBL-VS noise is observed. The velocity scaling shows that the TBL-TE noise, which is the dominant source mechanism, scales with Mach number to the fifth power based on the absolute frequency. The length scaling shows that the TBL-TE noise scales well on the absolute roughness height based on Howes TE noise theory.
Book Synopsis Correlation of Under-Ice Roughness with Satellite and Airborne Thermal Infrared Data by : Leonard A. LeSchack
Download or read book Correlation of Under-Ice Roughness with Satellite and Airborne Thermal Infrared Data written by Leonard A. LeSchack and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, based on empirical data, concludes that a correlation has been found between easily obtainable sea ice surface temperature and under-ice roughness data which are obtainable only at great expense. Under-ice roughness is valuable in evaluating acoustic attenuation beneath the Arctic ice and is expressed in terms of either root-mean-square (RMS) ice depth or standard deviation about the mean ice depth, both of which are closely correlated. By showing a functional relationship between the skewness of the surface temperature distribution as derived from NOAA VHRR Satellite thermal infrared data and the under-ice roughness, the way appears clear to make a chart of Arctic under-ice roughness for Arctic acoustic programs and for nuclear submariners. In a second study, under ice data recorded in April 1976 by the SSN GURNARD was correlated with the skewness of temperature distributions derived from NOAA VHRR IR data recorded in March 1976 over nominally the same area of the Beaufort Sea. A third study was then conducted that shows, perhaps more graphically than the others, the correlation of under-ice data recorded by the British nuclear submarine HMS SOVEREIGN between 18-21 October 1976 with airborne IR data recorded during the same period over the submarine track by a Canadian Forces Argus aircraft. In all three examples, when the RMS ice depth range was between 4 and 8 m, corresponding to a standard deviation of ice depth ranging between 2 and 6 m, there is a strong, negative linear correlation between the skewness of the temperature distributions, whether measured from satellites or aircraft, and the under-ice roughness measured by submarine upward-looking sonar.
Book Synopsis Local Flowfield about Large Distributed Roughness in the Initial Ice Accretion Process by : J. F. Winkler
Download or read book Local Flowfield about Large Distributed Roughness in the Initial Ice Accretion Process written by J. F. Winkler and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 4th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Meeting: 05-5053 - 05-5386 by :
Download or read book 4th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Meeting: 05-5053 - 05-5386 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of 3-D ice accretion measurement method by : Lee Sam
Download or read book Development of 3-D ice accretion measurement method written by Lee Sam and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: