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Measurement And Calculation Of Radon Releases From Uranium Mill Tailings
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Book Synopsis Measurement and Calculation of Radon Releases from Uranium Mill Tailings by :
Download or read book Measurement and Calculation of Radon Releases from Uranium Mill Tailings written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present report provides a comprehensive overview of the release, control and monitoring of radon. lt complements Technical Reports Series No. 335, Current Practices for the Management and Confinement of Uranium Mill Tailings, which provides a general account of the siting, design and construction of tailings impoundments.
Author :U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Fuel Cycle and Material Safety Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :128 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Radon Releases from Uranium Mining and Milling and Their Calculated Health Effects by : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Fuel Cycle and Material Safety
Download or read book Radon Releases from Uranium Mining and Milling and Their Calculated Health Effects written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Division of Fuel Cycle and Material Safety and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement and Calculation of Radon Releases from NORM Residues by : Y. Ishimori
Download or read book Measurement and Calculation of Radon Releases from NORM Residues written by Y. Ishimori and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the prediction, measurement and monitoring of radon releases from NORM residues, including uranium mining and milling residues. It presents factors controlling radon emanation and exhalation from residue materials, repository cover characteristics, methods for predicting radon exhalation flux (including models and the required input parameters and variables), measurement methods for radon concentration in soil gas and for radon exhalation from a surface, and radon monitoring programmes. The publication also includes a case study of radon exhalation from uranium tailings pile at Jaduguda, India, and annexes presenting mathematical development of radon diffusion equations.
Book Synopsis Proposed Standard for Radon-222 Emissions from Licensed Uranium Mill Tailings by :
Download or read book Proposed Standard for Radon-222 Emissions from Licensed Uranium Mill Tailings written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Reports Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radon Exhalation from Uranium Mill Tailings Piles by : D.E. Bernhardt
Download or read book Radon Exhalation from Uranium Mill Tailings Piles written by D.E. Bernhardt and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uranium mill tailings piles result in several sources of radiation exposure. These exposures are primarily from concentrations of the uranium progeny thorium-230, radium-226, and radon-222 in the tailings. Radon-222 and its progeny are a source of external gamma and lung exposure. Using the accumulation technique, field measurements of the radon flux from uranium mill tailings were made at three mills and at one experimental plot. The sample collection technique, method of calculating results, and reproducibility of the technique are described. The exhalation data (fCi/cm/sup 2/-sec) reveal that reproducibility is within about 10 percent and that the variation is less than the uncertainty associated with the linear regression analysis of the accumulated radon concentration versus time. Long term measurements (greater than about 8 hours) result in accumulated concentrations that approach the radon concentrations in the surface soil gas, and invalidate the assumptions inherent in the accumulation technique.
Book Synopsis Estimated Averages Annual Radon-222 Concentrations Around the Former Uranium Mill Site in Shiprock, New Mexico by : Joseph M. Hans
Download or read book Estimated Averages Annual Radon-222 Concentrations Around the Former Uranium Mill Site in Shiprock, New Mexico written by Joseph M. Hans and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radon Exhalation from Uranium Mill Tailings Piles by : David E. Bernhardt
Download or read book Radon Exhalation from Uranium Mill Tailings Piles written by David E. Bernhardt and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radon Releases from Uranium Mining and Milling and Their Calculated Health Effects by :
Download or read book Radon Releases from Uranium Mining and Milling and Their Calculated Health Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radon Emanation from Stopes Backfilled with Cemented Uranium Mill Tailings by :
Download or read book Radon Emanation from Stopes Backfilled with Cemented Uranium Mill Tailings written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of radon diffusion from uranium mill tailing piles by : W. B. Silker
Download or read book Measurement of radon diffusion from uranium mill tailing piles written by W. B. Silker and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proposed Standard for Radon-222 Emissions from Licensed Uranium Mill Tailings by :
Download or read book Proposed Standard for Radon-222 Emissions from Licensed Uranium Mill Tailings written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Field and Laboratory Measurement of Radon Flux and Diffusion for Uranium Mill Tailings Cover Systems by : Nick Stefani
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Measurement of Radon Flux and Diffusion for Uranium Mill Tailings Cover Systems written by Nick Stefani and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal Facilities for uranium mill tailings have been constructed as required by the Uranium Mine Tailing Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) of 1978. Nearly all of these facilities rely on a low-permeability, compacted clay surface cover to control the rate at which contaminants migrate in the gas and water phase from the tailings into the environment. The primary engineered component of the surface cover is typically referred to as the “low permeability Radon barrier, (or Rn Barrier). The Rn Barrier is designed to have low hydraulic conductivity and low gaseous diffusivity to effectivity control the emission of Radon and other contaminants into the environment. Several of the UMTRCA sites are over 20 years of service life. It is well understood that near-surface clay covers can experience significant structure development (e.g., cracking) due to process related to environmental exposure, including seasonal wetting and drying and bio-intrusion from vegetation and animal activity. Over many seasons, there is the potential that the Rn Barrier system may not contain contaminants as well as when the barrier was initially constructed. Studies conducted on UMTRCA sites have indicated significant variability in Radon Flux (Rn Flux) emanating through the top of the Rn Barrier (e.g., from as little as 0.3 pCi/m2-s to as much as 200 pCi/m2-s) (CNWRA 2012). When UMTRCA was first passed, the intended service life of cover systems was 1,000 years and Rn Flux was stipulated to not exceed 20 pCi/m2-s. This study first seeks to develop and calibrate alternative measurement techniques for accurately and reliably measuring Rn Flux at UMTRCA field sites. The study is motivated partly to address limitations in current regulatory measurement techniques, where Radon surface flux is measured using Activated Carbon (AC) placed directly on the cover surface and Radon is measured by passive sorption. Advances in Radon measurement technologies have led to the development of continuous, electronic Radon monitors. These monitors are capable of measuring Radon concentration at user-specified intervals and thus can be used to measure the buildup of Radon inside a closed sampling chamber placed on the cover system over time. Continuous data afforded by this approach provides significant advantages for measuring Rn flux over the historical AC measurement approach. The calibration effort of this study employed an electronic RAD7 Radon detection system (Durridge Company Inc.) to measure Rn flux emanating from two Radon sources in the laboratory (granite aggregate and a poured concrete slab). Results were used to develop an experimental protocol for field measurements and to identify and characterize variables that affect the measurements. AC canisters were placed into chambers containing the Radon sources in tandem with the electronic radon monitors so that radon concentrations measured using the two approaches could be directly compared. The AC to RAD7 Rn Concentration ratio averaged 0.58 (+/- 0.07) for five tests under the same conditions. A second suite of experiments was conducted to examine the effects of process variables on the measurements, including relative humidity, chamber size, exposure duration, and Rn flux. Similar differences in the two techniques were observed. The lab analysis properly corrected varying levels of exposure to RH before Rn exposure to the same Rn concentration (198.5 +/- 23.8 Bq/m3), but that concentration consistently averaged 0.60 (+/- 0.07) in the AC to RAD7 Rn Concentration Ratio. Varying chamber size, Rn flux, and exposure time all failed to produce statistically significant trends with R2 = 0.73, 0.42, and 0.28 respectively. Field measurements were conducted at a uranium mill tailings disposal cell located in Falls City, Texas. Continuous (RAD7) and passive (AC canisters) Radon detectors were deployed at six test pits that were excavated to expose the Rn barrier at the site and to measure radon flux at locations representative of different site conditions. Test pit locations were selected to compare varying vegetation conditions, Rn barrier thicknesses, and underlying tailings activities. Rn flux measured at the top of the barrier within the six test pits ranged from 0.06 - 24.74 pCi/m2-s. Radon flux measurements were also conducted directly on top of the tailings layer, which was exposed by excavating through the Rn Barrier. Radon flux from the tailings layer was measured as high as 1148.07 pCi/m2-s. Results from this suite of measurements were used to assess performance of the alternative Radon measurement approaches in a typical field application. The AC to RAD7 Rn concentration ratio was consistent with the laboratory measurements, averaging 0.59 with a variance of 0.07. Corresponding ratio of Rn flux between the two devices was 0.60-0.93 depending on the size of the chamber and length of the test. Finally, a laboratory procedure was developed to simulate desiccation and structure development inside compacted clay samples and the associated effects on gaseous Radon diffusion coefficient. Experiments were conducted in a modified flexible wall permeameters to measure Radon diffusion coefficients through several wetting and drying cycles. Results were used to understand how structure develops in different types of clays that may be considered representative of compacted cover materials and to quantify the associated effects on Radon diffusivity. Measured Rn diffusion coefficients across all clays ranged from a maximum of 3.98e-7 m2/s to a minimum of 1.24e-09 m2/s. These values fall within the expected diffusion coefficients boundaries of air (1e-5 m2/s) and water (1e-9 m2/s).
Author :U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :42 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (276 download)
Book Synopsis Regulatory Guide 3.64, (Task WM 503-4) by : U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
Download or read book Regulatory Guide 3.64, (Task WM 503-4) written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Calculation of Radon Flux Attenuation by Earthen Uranium Mill Tailings Covers by :
Download or read book Calculation of Radon Flux Attenuation by Earthen Uranium Mill Tailings Covers written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This regulatory guide describes methods acceptable to the NRC staff for calculating radon fluxes through earthen covers and for calculating the resulting minimum cover thickness needed to meet NRC and EPA standards. The guide also suggests methods for obtaining the various parameters used in calculating the radon fluxes and earthen cover thicknesses and suggests default values for certain parameters. This regulatory guide is applicable to active uranium tailings sites. The NRC staff is using the methods stated in this guide as a basis for review and concurrence of DOE remedial action plans for inactive sites. The guidance is intended to be used for calculating radon flux attenuation by earthen uranium mill tailings covers. The parameter values and examples presented are limited to earthen cover materials, but the diffusion theory and the methods presented are also applicable to man-made materials. Detailed supporting information for calculating minimum cover thickness is published separately in the ''Radon Attenuation Handbook for Uranium Mill Tailings Cover Design, '' NUREG/CR-3533 (Ref. 1).
Book Synopsis Radon in Uranium Mining by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Radon in Uranium Mining written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Radiological Assessment of Radon-222 Released from Uranium Mills and Other Natural and Technologically Enhanced Sources by : C. C. Travis
Download or read book A Radiological Assessment of Radon-222 Released from Uranium Mills and Other Natural and Technologically Enhanced Sources written by C. C. Travis and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: