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Author : Nathan Rhead Hilton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Material Uniformity of Cadmium Zinc Telluride in Gamma-ray Imaging Detectors (PHD). written by Nathan Rhead Hilton and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030764613
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Advanced Materials for Radiation Detection written by Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers readers an overview of some of the most recent advances in the field of advanced materials used for gamma and X-ray imaging. Coverage includes both technology and applications, with an in-depth review of the research topics from leading specialists in the field. Emphasis is on high-Z materials like CdTe, CZT and GaAs, as well as perovskite crystals, since they offer the best implementation possibilities for direct conversion X-ray detectors. Authors discuss material challenges, detector operation physics and technology and readout integrated circuits required to detect signals processes by high-Z sensors.
Download or read book Fine-scale Spatial Response of CdZnTe Radiation Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several studies have suggested that the uniformity of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors play an important role in their performance when operated as gamma-ray spectrometers. However the detailed gamma response of simple planar detectors as a function of position over the device area is largely unknown. To address this issue the authors have built a system capable of measuring the detector response with a resolution of [approximately]250 [micro]m. The system consists of a highly collimated ([approximately]200 [micro]m) photon source (
Author : Leonardo Abbene
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031209559
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)
Download or read book High-Z Materials for X-ray Detection written by Leonardo Abbene and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of High-Z materials. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in opto-electronics, X-ray detection and emerging optoelectronics applications. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field.
Download or read book Cadmium Zinc Telluride and Its Use as a Nuclear Radiation Detector Material written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Arnold Burger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Radiation Detection Materials: Volume 1038 written by Arnold Burger and published by . This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This symposium will provide a venue for the presentation of the latest results and discussion of radiation detection materials from both experimental and theoretical standpoints. As advances are made in this area of materials, additional experimental and theoretical approaches are used to both guide the growth of materials and to characterize the materials that have a wide array of applications for detecting different types of radiation. The types of detector materials for semiconductors and scintillators include a variety of molecular compounds such as lanthanum halides, zinc oxide, lead iodide, cadmium telluride, mercuric iodide, thallium bromide, as well as others, such as cadmium zinc telluride." "An additional class of scintillators includes those based on organic compounds and glasses. Ideally, desired materials used for radiation detection have attributes such as appropriate-range bandgaps, high atomic numbers of the central element, high densities, performance at room temperature, and strong mechanical properties, and are low cost in terms of their production. There are significant gaps in the knowledge related to these materials that are very important in making radiation detector materials that are higher quality in terms of their reproducible purity, homogeneity, and mechanical integrity. The topics that are the focal point of this symposium address these issues so that much better detectors may be made in the future."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Anthony Drew Lavietes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (56 download)
Download or read book Cadmium Telluride and Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors for Radionuclide Analysis written by Anthony Drew Lavietes and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Developments in Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystal Growth, Sample Preparation and Characterisation [sic] Techniques PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/8jtkAQAACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
Author : Amlan Datta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (695 download)
Download or read book Developments in Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystal Growth, Sample Preparation and Characterisation [sic] Techniques written by Amlan Datta and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Material Properties of Large-volume Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystals and Their Relationship to Nuclear Detector Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The material showing the greatest promise today for production of large-volume gamma-ray spectrometers operable at room temperature is cadmium zinc telluride (CZT). Unfortunately, because of deficiencies in the quality of the present material, high-resolution CZT spectrometers have thus far been limited to relatively small dimensions, which makes them inefficient at detecting high photon energies and ineffective for weak radiation signals except in near proximity. To exploit CZT fully, it will be necessary to make substantial improvements in the material quality. Improving the material involves advances in the purity, crystallinity, and control of the electrical compensation mechanism. Sandia National Laboratories, California, in close collaboration with US industry and academia, has initiated efforts to develop a detailed understanding of the underlying material problems limiting the performance of large volume gamma-ray spectrometers and to overcome them through appropriate corrections therein. A variety of analytical and numerical techniques are employed to quantify impurities, compositional and stoichiometric variations, crystallinity, strain, bulk and surface defect states, carrier mobilities and lifetimes, electric field distributions, and contact chemistry. Data from these measurements are correlated with spatial maps of the gamma-ray and alpha particle spectroscopic response to determine improvements in the material purification, crystal growth, detector fabrication, and surface passivation procedures. The results of several analytical techniques will be discussed. The intended accomplishment of this work is to develop a low-cost, high-efficiency CZT spectrometer with an active volume of 5 cm3 and energy resolution of 1--2% (at 662 keV), which would give the US a new field capability for screening radioactive substances.
Author : Mohamed Alshal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book Photoluminescence Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride written by Mohamed Alshal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for wide bandgap semiconductors for radiation detector applications has significantly increased in recent years due to an ever-growing need for safeguard measures and medical imaging systems amongst other applications. The need for these devices to be portable and efficient, and to operate at room temperature is important for practical applications. For radiation detectors, the semiconductor materials are mainly required to have an optimal energy gap, high average atomic number, good electrical resistivity and charge transport properties as well as purity and homogeneity. Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) distinctly stands out among the other choices of semiconductor materials for radiation detector applications, due to its attractive material properties and the room temperature operation possibility. A tremendous amount of research is being conducted to improve CZT technology and its implementation into more commercial systems. Applications of CZT detector technology in national security, high energy physics, nuclear spectroscopy, and medical imaging systems are of special interests. However, CZT devices still face challenges that need to be understood and overcome in order to have more efficient radiation detector systems. One such challenge lies in the understanding of the surfaces of CZT detectors and surface recombination effects on charge transport, charge collection efficiency, and detector performance. Another common issue is the degradation of CZT detectors due to the presence of defects which can act as traps for the charge carriers and cause incomplete charge collection from the detectors. Thus, a major challenge is that, the commercial CZT crystals have large concentrations of defects and impurities that need to be characterized, and their effects on the detector performance should be studied. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is a sensitive, non-contact and non-destructive method, suitable to characterize lower concentrations of point defects, such as substitutional impurities (donors, acceptors) and native defects in CZT crystals. A PL spectrum provides information regarding the defect nature of the crystal by determining the presence and the type of vacancies, interstitials, and impurities in the lattice. The main objective of this thesis is to address the presence of the defects in CZT crystals, identify their types, and study their roles in the performance of x-ray radiation detectors using PL spectroscopy. Additionally, using PL method and different excitation sources including UV excitation, this thesis studies the surface of CZT samples and investigates the PL signature of the surface oxide of the samples, in an effort to optimize the surface processing and thereby improve CZT detector performance.
Author : R. M. Bilbe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (593 download)
Download or read book The Investigation and Characterisation of Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Telluride for Gamma Radiation Detectors written by R. M. Bilbe and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detector System for Nuclear Material Assay written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three tools were developed towards design of an ambient temperature radiometric instrument, namely the CZT Probe--a cadmium zinc telluride based gamma and x ray detector probe, the MicroNOMAD--a low power, portable multichannel analyzed, and CZTU--spectral analysis software that provides uranium enrichment analysis. The combination of these three tools with an optimal sodium iodide (NaI) detector provides the ability to search for and then analyze uranium as well as other radionuclides in the field. Several national and international organizations including the International Atomic Energy Agency, the European Communities Safeguards Directorate, US Customs, and US DOE have expressed interest and are currently evaluating these systems.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Material Inhomogeneities in Cd{sub 1-x}ZnxTe and Their Effects on Large Volume Gamma-ray Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium zinc telluride (Cd{sub 1-x}ZnxTe or CZT) has shown great promise as a material for room-temperature x-ray and gamma-ray detectors. In particular, polycrystalline material grown by the High Pressure Bridgman method with nominal Zn fraction (x) from 0.1 to 0.2 has been used to fabricate high resolution gamma-ray spectrometers with resolution approaching that of cooled high-purity Ge. For increased sensitivity, large areas (> 1 cm2) are required, and for good sensitivity to high energy gamma photons, thick detectors (on the order of 1 cm) are required. Thus there has been a push for the development of CZT detectors with a volume greater than 1 cm3. However, nonuniformities in the material over this scale degrade the performance of the detectors. Variations in the zinc fraction, and thus the bandgap, and changes in the impurity distributions, both of which arise from the selective segregation of elements during crystal growth, result in spectral distortions. In this work several materials characterization techniques were combined with detector evaluations to determine the materials properties limiting detector performance. Materials measurements were performed on detectors found to have differing performance. Measurements conducted include infrared transmission (IR), particle induced x-ray emission (PIXE), photoluminescence (PL), and triaxial x-ray diffraction (TAXRD). To varying degrees, these measurements reveal that poor-performance detectors exhibit higher nonuniformities than spectrometer-grade detectors. This is reasonable, as regions of CZT material with different properties will give different localized spectral responses, which combine to result in a degraded spectrum for the total device.
Download or read book Electric Field Distribution of Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT). written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) is attracting increasing interest with its promise as a room-temperature nuclear-radiation-detector material. The distribution of the electric field in CZT detectors substantially affects their detection performance. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), we employed a synchrotron X-Ray mapping technique and a Pockels-effect measurement system to investigate this distribution in different detectors. Here, we report our latest experimental results with three detectors of different width/height ratios. A decrease in this ratio aggravates the non-uniform distribution of electric field, and focuses it on the central volume. Raising the bias voltage effectively can minimize such non-uniformity of the electric field distribution. The position of the maximum electric field is independent of the bias voltage; the difference between its maximum- and minimum-intensity of electric field increases with the applied bias voltage.
Author : Kelly Allan Jones
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)
Download or read book Optimization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Crystal Growth for Room Temperature Radiation Detectors written by Kelly Allan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Opto-electrical Characterization and X-ray Mapping of Large-volume Cadmium Zinc Telluride Radiation Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large-volume cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) radiation detectors would greatly improve radiation detection capabilities and, therefore, attract extensive scientific and commercial interests. CZT crystals with volumes as large as hundreds of centimeters can be achieved today due to improvements in the crystal growth technology. However, the poor performance of large-volume CZT detectors is still a challenging problem affecting the commercialization of CZT detectors and imaging arrays. We have employed Pockels effect measurements and synchrotron X-ray mapping techniques to investigate the performance-limiting factors for large-volume CZT detectors. Experimental results with the above characterization methods reveal the non-uniform distribution of internal electric field of large-volume CZT detectors, which help us to better understand the responsible mechanism for the insufficient carrier collection in large-volume CZT detectors.
Author : Mirza Muhammad Luqman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 372 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (154 download)
Download or read book An Evaluation of Zinc Telluride as a Gamma Detector for High Temperature Applications written by Mirza Muhammad Luqman and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
