Masculine Vs Feminine Personality Traits And Womens Employment Outcomes In Britain

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Masculine Vs Feminine Personality Traits and Women's Employment Outcomes in Britain

Author : Nick Drydakis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Masculine Vs Feminine Personality Traits and Women's Employment Outcomes in Britain by : Nick Drydakis

Download or read book Masculine Vs Feminine Personality Traits and Women's Employment Outcomes in Britain written by Nick Drydakis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the current study, we utilized a correspondent test to capture the way in which firms respond to women who exhibit masculine and feminine personality traits. In doing so, we minimized the potential for reverse causality bias and unobserved heterogeneities to occur. Women who exhibit masculine personality traits have a 4.3 percentage points greater likelihood of gaining access to occupations than those displaying feminine personality traits. In both male- and female-dominated occupations, women with masculine personality traits have an occupational access advantage, as compared to those exhibiting feminine personality traits. Moreover, women with masculine personality traits take up positions which offer 10 percentage points higher wages, in comparison with those displaying feminine personality traits.Furthermore, wage premiums are higher for those exhibiting masculine personality traits in male-dominated occupations, than for female-dominated positions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first field experiment to examine the effect of masculine and feminine personality traits on entry-level pay scales. As feminine personality traits are stereotypically attributed to women, and these characteristics appear to yield fewer rewards within the market, they may offer one of many plausible explanations as to why women experience higher unemployment rates, whilst also receiving lower earnings, as compared to men.

Masculine Vs Feminine Personality Traits and Women's Employment Outcomes in Britain

Author : Nick Drydakis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis Masculine Vs Feminine Personality Traits and Women's Employment Outcomes in Britain by : Nick Drydakis

Download or read book Masculine Vs Feminine Personality Traits and Women's Employment Outcomes in Britain written by Nick Drydakis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the current study, we utilized a correspondent test to capture the way in which firms respond to women who exhibit masculine and feminine personality traits. In doing so, we minimized the potential for reverse causality bias and unobserved heterogeneities to occur. Women who exhibit masculine personality traits have a 4.3 percentage points greater likelihood of gaining access to occupations than those displaying feminine personality traits. In both male- and female-dominated occupations, women with masculine personality traits have an occupational access advantage, as compared to those exhibiting feminine personality traits. Moreover, women with masculine personality traits take up positions which offer 10 percentage points higher wages, in comparison with those displaying feminine personality traits. Furthermore, wage premiums are higher for those exhibiting masculine personality traits in male-dominated occupations, than for female-dominated positions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first field experiment to examine the effect of masculine and feminine personality traits on entry-level pay scales. As feminine personality traits are stereotypically attributed to women, and these characteristics appear to yield fewer rewards within the market, they may offer one of many plausible explanations as to why women experience higher unemployment rates, whilst also receiving lower earnings, as compared to men.

Feminising the Masculine?

Author : Margaret Whittock
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351790463
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Feminising the Masculine? by : Margaret Whittock

Download or read book Feminising the Masculine? written by Margaret Whittock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title was first published in 2000: This work aims to provide a comparative and temporal assessment of the position of women in non-traditional employment in Europe, Britain and Northern Ireland. Its second aim is to provide a new perspective on the division of labour in modern Western societies and to critically examine the issues, debates and perspectives which have traditionally dominated portrayals of women and paid employment. The book assesses the potential which women themselves have for transforming existing gender relations, particularly within the structural constraints of the education, training and employment systems. In so doing, it is intended to highlight flaws inherent in much contemporary feminist theorizing, and aims to provide a more satisfactory theoretical framework within which to elaborate and develop its arguments. While related texts have tended to concentrate on stereotypical notions of women and paid employment, this book aims to fill a gap in the literature by scrutinizing the lived experiences of women in non-traditional manual occupations, and relating these to a possible transformation of the existing gender order in Western societies

The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy

Author : Susan L. Averett
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190878266
Total Pages : 889 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.

Glass Ceilings and Ivory Towers

Author : Rachael Johnstone
Publisher : UBC Press
ISBN 13 : 0774869275
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (748 download)

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Book Synopsis Glass Ceilings and Ivory Towers by : Rachael Johnstone

Download or read book Glass Ceilings and Ivory Towers written by Rachael Johnstone and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2024-05-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even as Canadian universities suggest their gender issues have largely been resolved, many women in academia tell a different story. Systemic discrimination, the underrepresentation of women in more senior and lucrative roles, and the belief that gender-related concerns will simply self-correct with greater representation add up to a serious gender problem. Although these issues are widely acknowledged, reliable data is elusive. Glass Ceilings and Ivory Towers fills this research gap with a cross-disciplinary, data-driven investigation of gender inequality in Canadian universities. Research presented in this book reveals, for example, that women are more likely to hold sessional teaching positions and to face difficulties obtaining funding. They are also poorly represented at the upper echelons of the professoriate and must contend with a gender pay gap that widens as they move up the ranks. Contributors consider the daily grind of academic life, social, structural, and systemic challenges, and the gendered dynamics of university leadership, all with an eye to laying the groundwork for practical and meaningful institutional change.

The Glass Ceiling in the 21st Century

Author : Manuela da Costa Barreto
Publisher : American Psychological Association (APA)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis The Glass Ceiling in the 21st Century by : Manuela da Costa Barreto

Download or read book The Glass Ceiling in the 21st Century written by Manuela da Costa Barreto and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2009 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the term "glass ceiling" was first coined in 1984, women have made great progress in terms of leadership equality with men in the workplace. However, women are still underrepresented in the upper echelons of organizations. This volume explains and offers remedies for this inequality.

Family Life Now

Author : Kelly J. Welch
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1544371063
Total Pages : 697 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Family Life Now by : Kelly J. Welch

Download or read book Family Life Now written by Kelly J. Welch and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Family Life Now is a candid, thoughtful examination of marriages, families, and intimate relationships that follows the Family Life Education framework. Written in a student-friendly, conversational style, the text encourages readers to draw upon their own backgrounds and experiences to understand theories and concepts vital to the family sciences. Author Kelly J. Welch incorporates scholarship from the social and behavioral sciences to cover topics that are important to students today, such as LGBTQ+ individuals and relationships, cohabitating, and financial compatibility with a partner. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package.

Multiple Paths of Midlife Development

Author : Margie E. Lachman
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226467580
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (675 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiple Paths of Midlife Development by : Margie E. Lachman

Download or read book Multiple Paths of Midlife Development written by Margie E. Lachman and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1997-05-15 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of fifteen papers, leading researchers analyze the middle years of the lifespan, paying close attention to the many different facets of adult development. They study the various changes involving the self and others that middle-aged adults experience in the realms of work, family, and health. This book explains how the different experiences interrelate and how a better understanding of them can foster successful midlife development.

Praeger Guide to the Psychology of Gender

Author : Michele A. Paludi
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313014426
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Praeger Guide to the Psychology of Gender by : Michele A. Paludi

Download or read book Praeger Guide to the Psychology of Gender written by Michele A. Paludi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2004-11-30 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When we examine the field of gender psychology closely, we note that much of what the popular media tells us about women and men does not hold up to research scrutiny. This handbook helps to replace media stereotypes and myths with realities and shows us that there are more similarities between the sexes than differences. The contributors to this handbook have a highly practical and readable approach that will prompt readers to examine their self-awareness and social tolerance to biases against women and men in our social institutions such as schools and workplaces. They also reveal that the increased participation in courses and reading of literature on gender has improved gender role attitudes and behavior, causing both sexes to treat each other with more respect and dignity. The contributors to this volume focus on gender role development and multicultural issues throughout the lifecyle. They also emphasize the empowerment of both sexes. The gender-related topics in this handbook include: Teacher socialization of girls and boys; Women's and men's verbal and nonverbal communication skills; Women's and men's voting patterns; Sexual violence; The gender wage gap; Women's and men's friendships and sexual relationships; Parents' communication of masculinity and femininity to their children.

The Second Stage

Author : Betty Friedan
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674796553
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (965 download)

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Book Synopsis The Second Stage by : Betty Friedan

Download or read book The Second Stage written by Betty Friedan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Betty Friedan argues that once past the initial stages of describing and working against politcal and economic injustices, the women's movement should focus on working with men to remake private and public tasks and attitudes.

The Athena Doctrine

Author : John Gerzema
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111845295X
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis The Athena Doctrine by : John Gerzema

Download or read book The Athena Doctrine written by John Gerzema and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-16 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times Bestseller How feminine values can solve our toughest problems and build a more prosperous future Among 64,000 people surveyed in thirteen nations, two thirds feel the world would be a better place if men thought more like women. This marks a global trend away from the winner-takes-all, masculine approach to getting things done. Drawing from interviews at innovative organizations in eighteen nations and at Fortune 500 boardrooms, the authors reveal how men and women alike are recognizing significant value in traits commonly associated with women, such as nurturing, cooperation, communication, and sharing. The Athena Doctrine shows why femininity is the operating system of 21st century prosperity. Advocates a new way to solve today's toughest problems in business, education, government, and more Based on a landmark survey and results from Young & Rubicam's respected Brand Asset Valuator's global survey, as well as on-the-ground interviews in 18 countries From acclaimed social theorist, consumer expert, and bestselling author, John Gerzema, and award-winning author, Michael D'Antonio Brought to life through real world examples and backed by rigorous data,The Athena Doctrine shows how feminine traits are ascending—and bringing success to people and organizations around the world. By nurturing, listening, collaborating and sharing, women and men are solving problems, finding profits, and redefining success in every realm.

The Psychology of Small Business Owners

Author : Sukanlaya Sawang
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889717674
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis The Psychology of Small Business Owners by : Sukanlaya Sawang

Download or read book The Psychology of Small Business Owners written by Sukanlaya Sawang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus

Author : John Gray
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 006016848X
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (61 download)

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Book Synopsis Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus by : John Gray

Download or read book Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus written by John Gray and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 1993-04-23 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular marriage counselor and seminar leader John Gray provides a unique, practical and proven way for men and women to communicate and relate better by acknowledging the differences between them. Once upon a time Martians and Venusians met, fell in love, and had happy relationships together because they respected and accepted their differences. Then they came to earth and amnesia set in: they forgot they were from different planets. Using this metaphor to illustrate the commonly occurring conflicts between men and women, Gray explains how these differences can come between the sexes and prohibit mutually fulfilling loving relationships. Based on years of successful counseling of couples, he gives advice on how to counteract these differences in communication styles, emotional needs and modes of behavior to promote a greater understanding between individual partners. Gray shows how men and women react differently in conversation and how their relationships are affected by male intimacy cycles ("get close", "back off"), and female self-esteem fluctuations ("I'm okay", "I'm not okay"). He encourages readers to accept the other gender's particular way of expressing love, and helps men and women learn how to fulfill each other's emotional needs. With practical suggestions on how to reduce conflict, crucial information on how to interpret a partner's behavior and methods for preventing emotional "trash from the past" from invading new relationships, Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus is a valuable tool for couples who want to develop deeper and more satisfying relationships with their partners.

Class Politics and the Radical Right

Author : Jens Rydgren
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0415690528
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis Class Politics and the Radical Right by : Jens Rydgren

Download or read book Class Politics and the Radical Right written by Jens Rydgren and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, which brings together the leading scholars within this field, makes a unique contribution by focusing on the relationship between class politics and the radical right

The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender

Author : Thomas Eckes
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135670897
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender by : Thomas Eckes

Download or read book The Developmental Social Psychology of Gender written by Thomas Eckes and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous publications have addressed gender issues from a social or a developmental psychological perspective. This volume breaks new ground in advancing a genuine synthesis of theory and research from these two disciplines. Building on the premise that a full understanding of the multifaceted nature of gender can be achieved only through a wider focus on processes of development and social influence, the contributors examine theoretical approaches to gender development and socialization, gender categorization and interpersonal behavior, and group-level and cultural forces that affect gender socialization and behavior. The book will be of interest to students and professionals in social psychology, developmental psychology, gender studies, sociology, anthropology, and educational psychology.

Masculinity and Femininity

Author : Janet T. Spence
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477303111
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (773 download)

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Book Synopsis Masculinity and Femininity by : Janet T. Spence

Download or read book Masculinity and Femininity written by Janet T. Spence and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many societies assign sharply distinguished roles to men and women. Personality differences, as well as physical differences, between men and women are used to justify these different sex roles, and women are seen as more emotionally and interpersonally sensitive than men, while men are said to be more competent, achievement oriented, and assertive than women. A widely held view is that not only do men and women differ but that possession of "masculine" characteristics precludes possession of "feminine" characteristics. This bipolar conception has led to the definition of masculinity and femininity as opposites. Acceptance of this idea has caused social scientists and laypersons to consider men and women who possess cross-sex personality characteristics as less emotionally healthy and socially adjusted than those with sex-appropriate traits. Previous research by the authors and others, done almost exclusively with college students, has shown, however, that masculinity and femininity do not relate negatively to each other, thus supporting a dualistic rather than a bipolar conception of these two psychological dimensions. Spence and Helmreich present data showing that the dualistic conception holds for a large number of groups, varying widely in age, geographical location, socioeconomic status, and patterns of interest, whose psychological masculinity and femininity were measured with an objective instrument, the Personality Attributes Questionnaire, devised by the authors. Many individuals are shown to be appropriately sex-typed; that is, men tend to be high in masculinity and low in femininity and women the reverse. However, a substantial number of men and women are androgynous—high in both masculine and feminine characteristics—while some are not high in either. Importantly, the authors find that androgynous individuals display more self-esteem, social competence, and achievement orientation than individuals who are strong in either masculinity or femininity or are not strong in either. One of the major contributions of the work is the development of a new, multifaceted measure of achievement motivation (the Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire), which can be used successfully to predict behavior in both males and females and is related to masculinity and femininity in both sexes. In addition to investigating the correlates of masculinity and femininity, the authors attempt to isolate parental factors that contribute to the development of these characteristics and achievement motivation. The book includes analyses of data from students on their perception of their parents, which enable the authors to examine the influence of parental masculinity and femininity and parental behaviors and child-rearing attitudes on the development of masculinity and femininity and achievement motivation characteristics in their children. The important implications of these findings for theories of sex roles, personality development, and achievement motivation are examined.

A Room of One's Own

Author : Virginia Woolf
Publisher : Modernista
ISBN 13 : 9180949509
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis A Room of One's Own by : Virginia Woolf

Download or read book A Room of One's Own written by Virginia Woolf and published by Modernista. This book was released on 2024-05-30 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virginia Woolf's playful exploration of a satirical »Oxbridge« became one of the world's most groundbreaking writings on women, writing, fiction, and gender. A Room of One's Own [1929] can be read as one or as six different essays, narrated from an intimate first-person perspective. Actual history blends with narrative and memoir. But perhaps most revolutionary was its address: the book is written by a woman for women. Male readers are compelled to read through women's eyes in a total inversion of the traditional male gaze. VIRGINIA WOOLF [1882–1941] was an English author. With novels like Jacob’s Room [1922], Mrs Dalloway [1925], To the Lighthouse [1927], and Orlando [1928], she became a leading figure of modernism and is considered one of the most important English-language authors of the 20th century. As a thinker, with essays like A Room of One’s Own [1929], Woolf has influenced the women’s movement in many countries.