Making The Tariff In The United States

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Clashing Over Commerce

Author : Douglas A. Irwin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022639901X
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)

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Book Synopsis Clashing Over Commerce by : Douglas A. Irwin

Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs

U.S. Trade Policy

Author : William Anthony Lovett
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
ISBN 13 : 9780765603241
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Trade Policy by : William Anthony Lovett

Download or read book U.S. Trade Policy written by William Anthony Lovett and published by M.E. Sharpe. This book was released on 1999 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical review of recent U.S. trade policies that have failed to enforce sufficient reciprocity and overall trade balance, with suggestions for policies that foster a more balanced and realistic pattern of world trade growth.

Importing Into the United States

Author : U. S. Customs and Border Protection
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781304100061
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Importing Into the United States by : U. S. Customs and Border Protection

Download or read book Importing Into the United States written by U. S. Customs and Border Protection and published by . This book was released on 2015-10-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.

Lobbyists and the Making of US Tariff Policy, 1816−1861

Author : Daniel Peart
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421426129
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Lobbyists and the Making of US Tariff Policy, 1816−1861 by : Daniel Peart

Download or read book Lobbyists and the Making of US Tariff Policy, 1816−1861 written by Daniel Peart and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultimately, this book uses the tariff issue to illustrate the critical role that lobbying played within the antebellum policymaking process.

The Tariff History of the United States

Author : Frank William Taussig
Publisher : Ludwig von Mises Institute
ISBN 13 : 1610163303
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tariff History of the United States by : Frank William Taussig

Download or read book The Tariff History of the United States written by Frank William Taussig and published by Ludwig von Mises Institute. This book was released on 1931 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Marking of Country of Origin on U.S. Imports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Marking of Country of Origin on U.S. Imports by :

Download or read book Marking of Country of Origin on U.S. Imports written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Complying with the Made in USA Standard

Author : United States. Federal Trade Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (334 download)

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Book Synopsis Complying with the Made in USA Standard by : United States. Federal Trade Commission

Download or read book Complying with the Made in USA Standard written by United States. Federal Trade Commission and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Peddling Protectionism

Author : Douglas A. Irwin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400888425
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Peddling Protectionism by : Douglas A. Irwin

Download or read book Peddling Protectionism written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of America's most infamous tariff The Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, which raised U.S. duties on hundreds of imported goods to record levels, is America's most infamous trade law. It is often associated with—and sometimes blamed for—the onset of the Great Depression, the collapse of world trade, and the global spread of protectionism in the 1930s. Even today, the ghosts of congressmen Reed Smoot and Willis Hawley haunt anyone arguing for higher trade barriers; almost single-handedly, they made protectionism an insult rather than a compliment. In Peddling Protectionism, Douglas Irwin provides the first comprehensive history of the causes and effects of this notorious measure, explaining why it largely deserves its reputation for combining bad politics and bad economics and harming the U.S. and world economies during the Depression. In four brief, clear chapters, Irwin presents an authoritative account of the politics behind Smoot-Hawley, its economic consequences, the foreign reaction it provoked, and its aftermath and legacy. Starting as a Republican ploy to win the farm vote in the 1928 election by increasing duties on agricultural imports, the tariff quickly grew into a logrolling, pork barrel free-for-all in which duties were increased all around, regardless of the interests of consumers and exporters. After Herbert Hoover signed the bill, U.S. imports fell sharply and other countries retaliated by increasing tariffs on American goods, leading U.S. exports to shrivel as well. While Smoot-Hawley was hardly responsible for the Great Depression, Irwin argues, it contributed to a decline in world trade and provoked discrimination against U.S. exports that lasted decades. Peddling Protectionism tells a fascinating story filled with valuable lessons for trade policy today.

London Naval Conference

Author : United States. Department of State
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis London Naval Conference by : United States. Department of State

Download or read book London Naval Conference written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1930 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Tariff Passthrough at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from US Trade Policy

Author : Alberto Cavallo
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513518380
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Tariff Passthrough at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from US Trade Policy by : Alberto Cavallo

Download or read book Tariff Passthrough at the Border and at the Store: Evidence from US Trade Policy written by Alberto Cavallo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use micro data collected at the border and at retailers to characterize the effects brought by recent changes in US trade policy - particularly the tariffs placed on imports from China - on importers, consumers, and exporters. We start by documenting that the tariffs were almost fully passed through to total prices paid by importers, suggesting the tariffs' incidence has fallen largely on the United States. Since we estimate the response of prices to exchange rates to be far more muted, the recent depreciation of the Chinese renminbi is unlikely to alter this conclusion. Next, using product-level data from several large multi-national retailers, we demonstrate that the impact of the tariffs on retail prices is more mixed. Some affected product categories have seen sharp price increases, but the difference between affected and unaffected products is generally quite modest, suggesting that retail margins have fallen. These retailers' imports increased after the initial announcement of possible tariffs, but before their full implementation, so the intermediate passthrough of tariffs to their prices may not persist. Finally, in contrast to the case of foreign exporters facing US tariffs, we show that US exporters lowered their prices on goods subjected to foreign retaliatory tariffs compared to exports of non-targeted goods.

Introduction to Business

Author : Lawrence J. Gitman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1455 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Business by : Lawrence J. Gitman

Download or read book Introduction to Business written by Lawrence J. Gitman and published by . This book was released on 2024-09-16 with total page 1455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond. This is an adaptation of Introduction to Business by OpenStax. You can access the textbook as pdf for free at openstax.org. Minor editorial changes were made to ensure a better ebook reading experience. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

The Wealth of a Nation

Author : C. Donald Johnson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190865911
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Wealth of a Nation by : C. Donald Johnson

Download or read book The Wealth of a Nation written by C. Donald Johnson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is entering a period of profound uncertainty in the world political economy--an uncertainty which is threatening the liberal economic order that its own statesmen created at the end of the Second World War. The storm surrounding this threat has been ignited by an issue that has divided Americans since the nation's founding: international trade. Is America better off under a liberal trade regime, or would protectionism be more beneficial? The issue divided Alexander Hamilton from Thomas Jefferson, the agrarian south from the industrializing north, and progressives from robber barons in the Gilded Age. In our own times, it has pitted anti-globalization activists and manufacturing workers against both multinational firms and the bulk of the economics profession. Ambassador C. Donald Johnson's The Wealth of a Nation is an authoritative history of the politics of trade in America from the Revolution to the Trump era. Johnson begins by charting the rise and fall of the U.S. protectionist system from the time of Alexander Hamilton to the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930. Challenges to protectionist dominance were frequent and often serious, but the protectionist regime only faded in the wake of the Great Depression. After World War II, America was the primary architect of the liberal rules-based economic order that has dominated the globe for over half a century. Recent years, however, have seen a swelling anti-free trade movement that casts the postwar liberal regime as anti-worker, pro-capital, and--in Donald Trump's view--even anti-American. In this riveting history, Johnson emphasizes the benefits of the postwar free trade regime, but focuses in particular on how it has attempted to advance workers' rights. This analysis of the evolution of American trade policy stresses the critical importance of the multilateral trading system's survival and defines the central political struggle between business and labor in measuring the wealth of a nation.

Opening America's Market

Author : Alfred E. Eckes Jr.
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807861189
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Opening America's Market by : Alfred E. Eckes Jr.

Download or read book Opening America's Market written by Alfred E. Eckes Jr. and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the passage of NAFTA and other recent free trade victories in the United States, former U.S. trade official Alfred Eckes warns that these developments have a dark side. Opening America's Market offers a bold critique of U.S. trade policies over the last sixty years, placing them within a historical perspective. Eckes reconsiders trade policy issues and events from Benjamin Franklin to Bill Clinton, attributing growing political unrest and economic insecurity in the 1990s to shortsighted policy decisions made in the generation after World War II. Eager to win the Cold War and promote the benefits of free trade, American officials generously opened the domestic market to imports but tolerated foreign discrimination against American goods. American consumers and corporations gained in the resulting global economy, but many low-skilled workers have become casualties. Eckes also challenges criticisms of the 'infamous' protectionist Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which allegedly worsened the Great Depression and provoked foreign retaliation. In trade history, he says, this episode was merely a mole hill, not a mountain.

Trade Wars are Class Wars

Author : Matthew C. Klein
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300244177
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade Wars are Class Wars by : Matthew C. Klein

Download or read book Trade Wars are Class Wars written by Matthew C. Klein and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a very important book."--Martin Wolf, Financial TimesA provocative look at how today's trade conflicts are caused by governments promoting the interests of elites at the expense of workers Longlisted for the 2020 Financial Times & McKinsey Business Book of the Year Award "Worth reading for [the authors'] insights into the history of trade and finance."--George Melloan, Wall Street Journal Trade disputes are usually understood as conflicts between countries with competing national interests, but as Matthew C. Klein and Michael Pettis show, they are often the unexpected result of domestic political choices to serve the interests of the rich at the expense of workers and ordinary retirees. Klein and Pettis trace the origins of today's trade wars to decisions made by politicians and business leaders in China, Europe, and the United States over the past thirty years. Across the world, the rich have prospered while workers can no longer afford to buy what they produce, have lost their jobs, or have been forced into higher levels of debt. In this thought-provoking challenge to mainstream views, the authors provide a cohesive narrative that shows how the class wars of rising inequality are a threat to the global economy and international peace--and what we can do about it.

Olive Branch and Sword

Author : Merrill D. Peterson
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807124970
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (249 download)

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Book Synopsis Olive Branch and Sword by : Merrill D. Peterson

Download or read book Olive Branch and Sword written by Merrill D. Peterson and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dominated by the personalities of three towering figures of the nation's middle period -- Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, and President Andrew Jackson -- Olive Branch and Sword: The Compromise of 1833 tells of the political and rhetorical dueling that brought about the Compromise of 1833, resolving the crisis of the Union caused by South Carolina's nullification of the protective tariff.In 1832 South Carolina's John C. Calhoun denounced the entire protectionist system as unconstitutional, unequal, and founded on selfish sectional interests. Opposing him was Henry Clay, the Kentucky senator and champion of the protectionists. Both Calhoun and Clay had presidential ambitions, and neither could agree on any issue save their common opposition to President Jackson, who seemed to favor a military solution to the South Carolina problem. It was only when Clay, after the most complicated maneuverings, produced the Compromise of 1833 that he, Calhoun, and Jackson could agree to coexist peaceably within the Union.The compromise consisted of two key parts. The Compromise Tariff, written by Clay and approved by Calhoun, provided for the gradual reduction of duties to the revenue level of 20 percent. The Force Bill, enacted at the request of President Jackson, authorized the use of military force, if necessary, to put down nullification in South Carolina. The two acts became, respectively, the olive branch and the sword of the compromise that preserved the peace, the Union, and the Constitution in 1833.A careful study of what has become a neglected event in American political history, Merrill D. Peterson's work spans a period of over thirty years -- sketching the background of national policy out of which nullification arose, detailing the explosive events of 1832 and 1833, and then tracing the consequences of the compromise through the dozen or so years that it remained in public controversy. Considering as well the larger question of decision making and policy making in the Jacksonian republic, Peterson nonetheless never loses sight of the crucial role played by the ambitions, whims, and passions of such men as Calhoun, Clay, and Jackson in determining the course of history.

Tariff Classification Study: Explanatory and background materials

Author : United States Tariff Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 834 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Tariff Classification Study: Explanatory and background materials by : United States Tariff Commission

Download or read book Tariff Classification Study: Explanatory and background materials written by United States Tariff Commission and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Schism

Author : Paul Blustein
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
ISBN 13 : 1928096867
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Schism by : Paul Blustein

Download or read book Schism written by Paul Blustein and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 was heralded as historic, and for good reason: the world's most populous nation was joining the rule-based system that has governed international commerce since World War II. But the full ramifications of that event are only now becoming apparent, as the Chinese economic juggernaut has evolved in unanticipated and profoundly troublesome ways. In this book, journalist Paul Blustein chronicles the contentious process resulting in China's WTO membership and the transformative changes that followed, both good and bad - for China, for its trading partners, and for the global trading system as a whole. The book recounts how China opened its markets and underwent far-reaching reforms that fuelled its economic takeoff, but then adopted policies - a cheap currency and heavy-handed state intervention - that unfairly disadvantaged foreign competitors and circumvented WTO rules. Events took a potentially catastrophic turn in 2018 with the eruption of a trade war between China and the United States, which has brought the trading system to a breaking point. Regardless of how the latest confrontation unfolds, the world will be grappling for decades with the challenges posed by China Inc.