Made in Russia

Download Made in Russia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rizzoli International publication
ISBN 13 : 0847836053
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (478 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Made in Russia by : Bela Shayevich

Download or read book Made in Russia written by Bela Shayevich and published by Rizzoli International publication. This book was released on 2011-04-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a survey of commercial products created in Russia during the 1960s and 1970s through photographs and essays that describe the inspiration, design, and consumer success of each product.

Make Russia Great Again

Download Make Russia Great Again PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 198215747X
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Make Russia Great Again by : Christopher Buckley

Download or read book Make Russia Great Again written by Christopher Buckley and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-06-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herb Nutterman, a long-time Trump Organization employee, unexpectedly becomes President Trump's White House chief of staff and finds himself entangled in Russian intrigue and leading the president's reelection campaign.

Once Upon a Time in Russia

Download Once Upon a Time in Russia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 0434023418
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Once Upon a Time in Russia by : Ben Mezrich

Download or read book Once Upon a Time in Russia written by Ben Mezrich and published by Random House. This book was released on 2015-05-27 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A gripping and shocking insight into the lives of Russiaâe(tm)s most famous oligarchs from New York Times bestselling author of The Accidental Billionaires and Bringing Down the House. Once Upon a Time in Russia is the untold true story of the larger-than-life billionaire oligarchs who surfed the waves of privatization to reap riches after the fall of the Soviet regime: âeoeGodfather of the Kremlinâe Boris Berezovsky, a former mathematician whose first entrepreneurial venture was running an automobile reselling business, and Roman Abramovich, his dashing young protégé who built a multi-billion-dollar empire of oil and aluminium. Locked in a complex, uniquely Russian partnership, Berezovsky and Abramovich battled their way through the âeoeWild Eastâe of Russia with Berezovsky acting as the younger manâe(tm)s krysha- literally, his roof, his protector. Written with the heart-stopping pace of a thriller -but even more compelling because it is true - this story of amassing obscene wealth and power depicts a rarefied world seldom seen up close. Under Berezovskyâe(tm)s krysha, Abramovich built one of Russiaâe(tm)s largest oil companies from the ground up and in exchange made cash deliveries - including 491 million dollars in just one year. But their relationship frayed when Berezovsky attacked President Vladimir Putin in the media - and had to flee to the UK. Abramovich continued to prosper. Dead bodies trailed Berezovskyâe(tm)s footsteps, and threats followed him to London, where an associate of his died painfully and famously of Polonium poisoning. Then Berezovsky himself was later found dead, declared a suicide. Exclusively sourced, capturing a momentous period in recent world history, Once Upon a Time in Russia is at once personal and political, offering an unprecedented look into the wealth, corruption, and power behind what Graydon Carter called âe~the story of our ageâe(tm).

Letters from Russia

Download Letters from Russia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0141394528
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (413 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Letters from Russia by : Marquis de Custine

Download or read book Letters from Russia written by Marquis de Custine and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Marquis de Custine's unique perspective on a vast, fascinating country in the grip of oppressive tyranny In 1839, encouraged by his friend Balzac, Custine set out to explore Russia. His impressions turned into what is perhaps the greatest and most influential of all books about Russia under the Tsars. Rich in anecdotes as much about the court of Tsar Nicholas as the streets of St Petersburg, Custine is as brilliant writing about the Kremlin as he is about the great northern landscapes. An immediate bestseller on publication, Custine's book is also a central book for any discussion of 19th century history, as - like de Tocqueville's Democracy in America - it dramatizes far broader questions about the nature of government and society.

Kulikovo 1380

Download Kulikovo 1380 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472831225
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (728 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kulikovo 1380 by : Mark Galeotti

Download or read book Kulikovo 1380 written by Mark Galeotti and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 14th-century Mongol conquest of the Rus' – the principalities of Russia – was devastating and decisive. Cities were lain waste, new dynasties rose and for a hundred years the Russians were under unquestioned foreign rule. However, the Mongols were conquerors rather than administrators and they chose to rule through subject princes. This allowed the Rurikid dynastic princes of Moscow to rise with unprecedented speed. With the famed 'Mongol Yoke' loosening, Grand Prince Dmitri of Moscow saw in this an unparalleled opportunity to rebel. On 7 September 1380 his 60,000 troops crossed the Don to take the battle to Mamai's 125,000, which included Armenian and Cherkessk auxiliaries and Genoese mercenaries. Using specially commissioned artwork, this is the engrossing story of the victory that heralded the birth of Russian statehood.

Lost and Found in Russia

Download Lost and Found in Russia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Other Press, LLC
ISBN 13 : 159051369X
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lost and Found in Russia by : Susan Richards

Download or read book Lost and Found in Russia written by Susan Richards and published by Other Press, LLC. This book was released on 2010-12-07 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the fall of communism, Russia was in a state of shock. The sudden and dramatic change left many people adrift and uncertain—but also full of a tentative but tenacious hope. Returning again and again to the provincial hinterlands of this rapidly evolving country from 1992 to 2008, Susan Richards struck up some extraordinary friendships with people in the middle of this historical drama. Anna, a questing journalist, struggles to express her passionate spirituality within the rules of the new society. Natasha, a restless spirit, has relocated from Siberia in a bid to escape the demands of her upper-class family and her own mysterious demons. Tatiana and Misha, whose business empire has blossomed from the ashes of the Soviet Union, seem, despite their luxury, uneasy in this new world. Richards watches them grow and change, their fortunes rise and fall, their hopes soar and crash. Through their stories and her own experiences, Susan Richards demonstrates how in Russia, the past and the present cannot be separated. She meets scientists convinced of the existence of UFOs and mind-control warfare. She visits a cult based on working the land and a tiny civilization founded on the practices of traditional Russian Orthodoxy. Gangsters, dreamers, artists, healers, all are wondering in their own ways, “Who are we now if we’re not communist? What does it mean to be Russian?” This remarkable history of contemporary Russia holds a mirror up to a forgotten people. Lost and Found in Russia is a magical and unforgettable portrait of a society in transition.

Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible

Download Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1610394569
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible by : Peter Pomerantsev

Download or read book Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible written by Peter Pomerantsev and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2014-11-11 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A journey into the glittering, surreal heart of 21st century Russia, where even dictatorship is a reality show Professional killers with the souls of artists, would-be theater directors turned Kremlin puppet-masters, suicidal supermodels, Hell's Angels who hallucinate themselves as holy warriors, and oligarch revolutionaries: welcome to the wild and bizarre heart of twenty-first-century Russia. It is a world erupting with new money and new power, changing so fast it breaks all sense of reality, home to a form of dictatorship-far subtler than twentieth-century strains-that is rapidly rising to challenge the West. When British producer Peter Pomerantsev plunges into the booming Russian TV industry, he gains access to every nook and corrupt cranny of the country. He is brought to smoky rooms for meetings with propaganda gurus running the nerve-center of the Russian media machine, and visits Siberian mafia-towns and the salons of the international super-rich in London and the US. As the Putin regime becomes more aggressive, Pomerantsev finds himself drawn further into the system. Dazzling yet piercingly insightful, Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible is an unforgettable voyage into a country spinning from decadence into madness.

Russia

Download Russia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macmillan + ORM
ISBN 13 : 1429916869
Total Pages : 886 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Russia by : Philip Longworth

Download or read book Russia written by Philip Longworth and published by Macmillan + ORM. This book was released on 2006-11-28 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the centuries, Russia has swung sharply between successful expansionism, catastrophic collapse, and spectacular recovery. This illuminating history traces these dramatic cycles of boom and bust from the late Neolithic age to Ivan the Terrible, and from the height of Communism to the truncated Russia of today. Philip Longworth explores the dynamics of Russia's past through time and space, from the nameless adventurers who first penetrated this vast, inhospitable terrain to a cast of dynamic characters that includes Ivan the Terrible, Catherine the Great, and Stalin. His narrative takes in the magnificent, historic cities of Kiev, Moscow, and St. Petersburg; it stretches to Alaska in the east, to the Black Sea and the Ottoman Empire to the south, to the Baltic in the west and to Archangel and the Artic Ocean to the north. Who are the Russians and what is the source of their imperialistic culture? Why was Russia so driven to colonize and conquer? From Kievan Rus'---the first-ever Russian state, which collapsed with the invasion of the Mongols in the thirteenth century---to ruthless Muscovy, the Russian Empire of the eighteenth century and finally the Soviet period, this groundbreaking study analyses the growth and dissolution of each vast empire as it gives way to the next. Refreshing in its insight and drawing on a vast range of scholarship, this book also explicitly addresses the question of what the future holds for Russia and her neighbors, and asks whether her sphere of influence is growing.

Russia in Search of Itself

Download Russia in Search of Itself PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
ISBN 13 : 0801879760
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Russia in Search of Itself by : James H. Billington

Download or read book Russia in Search of Itself written by James H. Billington and published by Woodrow Wilson Center Press. This book was released on 2004-03-19 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Billington describes the contentious discussion occurring all over Russia and across the political spectrum. He finds conflicts raging among individuals as much as between organized groups and finds a deep underlying tension between the Russians' attempts to legitimize their new, nominally democratic identity, and their efforts to craft a new version of their old authoritarian tradition. After showing how the problem of Russian identity was framed in the past, Billington asks whether Russians will now look more to the West for a place in the common European home, or to the East for a new, Eurasian identity.

Lonely Ideas

Download Lonely Ideas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262317397
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Lonely Ideas by : Loren Graham

Download or read book Lonely Ideas written by Loren Graham and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An expert investigates Russia's long history of technological invention followed by commercial failure and points to new opportunities to break the pattern. When have you gone into an electronics store, picked up a desirable gadget, and found that it was labeled “Made in Russia”? Probably never. Russia, despite its epic intellectual achievements in music, literature, art, and pure science, is a negligible presence in world technology. Despite its current leaders' ambitions to create a knowledge economy, Russia is economically dependent on gas and oil. In Lonely Ideas, Loren Graham investigates Russia's long history of technological invention followed by failure to commercialize and implement. For three centuries, Graham shows, Russia has been adept at developing technical ideas but abysmal at benefiting from them. From the seventeenth-century arms industry through twentieth-century Nobel-awarded work in lasers, Russia has failed to sustain its technological inventiveness. Graham identifies a range of conditions that nurture technological innovation: a society that values inventiveness and practicality; an economic system that provides investment opportunities; a legal system that protects intellectual property; a political system that encourages innovation and success. Graham finds Russia lacking on all counts. He explains that Russia's failure to sustain technology, and its recurrent attempts to force modernization, reflect its political and social evolution and even its resistance to democratic principles. But Graham points to new connections between Western companies and Russian researchers, new research institutions, a national focus on nanotechnology, and the establishment of Skolkovo, “a new technology city.” Today, he argues, Russia has the best chance in its history to break its pattern of technological failure.

Kremlin Rising

Download Kremlin Rising PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0743281799
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (432 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kremlin Rising by : Peter Baker

Download or read book Kremlin Rising written by Peter Baker and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2005-06-07 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the tradition of Hedrick Smith's The Russians, Robert G. Kaiser's Russia: The People and the Power, and David Remnick's Lenin's Tomb comes an eloquent and eye-opening chronicle of Vladimir Putin's Russia, from this generation's leading Moscow correspondents. With the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia launched itself on a fitful transition to Western-style democracy. But a decade later, Boris Yeltsin's handpicked successor, Vladimir Putin, a childhood hooligan turned KGB officer who rose from nowhere determined to restore the order of the Soviet past, resolved to bring an end to the revolution. Kremlin Rising goes behind the scenes of contemporary Russia to reveal the culmination of Project Putin, the secret plot to reconsolidate power in the Kremlin. During their four years as Moscow bureau chiefs for The Washington Post, Peter Baker and Susan Glasser witnessed firsthand the methodical campaign to reverse the post-Soviet revolution and transform Russia back into an authoritarian state. Their gripping narrative moves from the unlikely rise of Putin through the key moments of his tenure that re-centralized power into his hands, from his decision to take over Russia's only independent television network to the Moscow theater siege of 2002 to the "managed democracy" elections of 2003 and 2004 to the horrific slaughter of Beslan's schoolchildren in 2004, recounting a four-year period that has changed the direction of modern Russia. But the authors also go beyond the politics to draw a moving and vivid portrait of the Russian people they encountered -- both those who have prospered and those barely surviving -- and show how the political flux has shaped individual lives. Opening a window to a country on the brink, where behind the gleaming new shopping malls all things Soviet are chic again and even high school students wonder if Lenin was right after all, Kremlin Rising features the personal stories of Russians at all levels of society, including frightened army deserters, an imprisoned oil billionaire, Chechen villagers, a trendy Moscow restaurant king, a reluctant underwear salesman, and anguished AIDS patients in Siberia. With shrewd reporting and unprecedented access to Putin's insiders, Kremlin Rising offers both unsettling new revelations about Russia's leader and a compelling inside look at life in the land that he is building. As the first major book on Russia in years, it is an extraordinary contribution to our understanding of the country and promises to shape the debate about Russia, its uncertain future, and its relationship with the United States.

The Future Is History

Download The Future Is History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 159463453X
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (946 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Future Is History by : Masha Gessen

Download or read book The Future Is History written by Masha Gessen and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WINNER OF THE 2017 NATIONAL BOOK AWARD IN NONFICTION FINALIST FOR THE NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARDS WINNER OF THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY'S HELEN BERNSTEIN BOOK AWARD NAMED A BEST BOOK OF 2017 BY THE NEW YORK TIMES BOOK REVIEW, LOS ANGELES TIMES, WASHINGTON POST, BOSTON GLOBE, SEATTLE TIMES, CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, NEWSWEEK, PASTE, and POP SUGAR The essential journalist and bestselling biographer of Vladimir Putin reveals how, in the space of a generation, Russia surrendered to a more virulent and invincible new strain of autocracy. Award-winning journalist Masha Gessen's understanding of the events and forces that have wracked Russia in recent times is unparalleled. In The Future Is History, Gessen follows the lives of four people born at what promised to be the dawn of democracy. Each of them came of age with unprecedented expectations, some as the children and grandchildren of the very architects of the new Russia, each with newfound aspirations of their own--as entrepreneurs, activists, thinkers, and writers, sexual and social beings. Gessen charts their paths against the machinations of the regime that would crush them all, and against the war it waged on understanding itself, which ensured the unobstructed reemergence of the old Soviet order in the form of today's terrifying and seemingly unstoppable mafia state. Powerful and urgent, The Future Is History is a cautionary tale for our time and for all time.

A War Made in Russia

Download A War Made in Russia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1509558411
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (95 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A War Made in Russia by : Sergei Medvedev

Download or read book A War Made in Russia written by Sergei Medvedev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely and incisive book, Sergei Medvedev argues that Russia’s war in Ukraine was not merely a whim of Putin’s obsession: rather, it was the result of two decades of authoritarian degradation and post-imperial ressentiment, a culmination of Putin’s regime and of Russia’s entire imperial history. Building on his prize-winning book The Return of the Russian Leviathan, Medvedev argues that it was not only Putin that started this war, but Russia itself, which, by and large, has imagined and embraced it with enthusiasm, seeking to relive its own military glory and colonial past.

With Napoleon in Russia

Download With Napoleon in Russia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Courier Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0486148246
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (861 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis With Napoleon in Russia by : Armand de Caulaincourt

Download or read book With Napoleon in Russia written by Armand de Caulaincourt and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-03-09 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Born into a noble family with a strong military tradition, Armand de Caulaincourt had been Napoleon’s Ambassador to Russia; Minister for Foreign Affairs; political advisor; and during the disastrous Russian campaign, his personal aide. In this unique document—the first English translation of the original French manuscript—the French statesman presents a comprehensive picture of the supreme crisis of Napoleon’s career, with graphic accounts of the French army’s advance into Russia, the occupation of Moscow, and the horrors of retreat. “By far the most important addition to Napoleonic documentation published in modern times.”—The London Times “When General de Caulaincourt laid down his pen he had completed, whether he knew it or not, a masterpiece.”—The New York Times A superb biography, history, and memoir in one unforgettable volume, the work will fascinate students, teachers, scholars, and history buffs alike.

Sale of the Century

Download Sale of the Century PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Crown
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sale of the Century by : Chrystia Freeland

Download or read book Sale of the Century written by Chrystia Freeland and published by Crown. This book was released on 2000 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1990s, all eyes turned to the momentous changes in Russia, as the world's largest country was transformed into the world's newest democracy. But the heroic images of Boris Yeltsin atop a tank in front of Moscow's White House soon turned to grim new realities: a currency in freefall and a war in Chechnya; on the street, flashy new money and a vicious Russian mafia contrasted with doctors and teachers not receiving salaries for months at a time. If this was what capitalism brought, many Russians wondered if they weren't better off under the communists. This new society did not just appear ready-made: it was created by a handful of powerful men who came to be known as the oligarchs and the young reformers. The oligarchs were fast-talking businessmen who laid claim to Russia's vast natural resources. The young reformers were an elite group of egghead economists who got to put their wild theories into action, with results that were sometimes inspiring, sometimes devastating. With unparalleled access and acute insight, Chrystia Freeland takes us behind the scenes and shows us how these two groups misused a historic opportunity to build a new Russia. Their achievements were considerable, but their mistakes will deform Russian society for generations to come. Along with a gripping account of the incredible events in Russia's corridors of power, Freeland gives us a vivid sense of the buzz and hustle of the new Russia, and inside stories of the businesses that have beaten the odds and become successful and profitable. She also exposes the conflicts and compromises that developed when red directors of old Soviet firms and factories yielded to -- or fought -- the radically new ways of doing business. She delves into the loophole economy, where anyone who knows how to manipulate the new rules can make a fast buck. Sale of the Century is a fascinating fly-on-the-wall economic thriller -- an astonishing and essential account of who really controls Russia's new frontier.

K9 Working Breeds

Download K9 Working Breeds PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Dog Training Press
ISBN 13 : 155059317X
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis K9 Working Breeds by : Resi Gerritsen

Download or read book K9 Working Breeds written by Resi Gerritsen and published by Dog Training Press. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to understand people better, we often look to their past. Resi Gerritsen and Ruud Haak show that the same is true for dog breeds. By taking a look back through the history of those breeds most active in K9 work, Gerritsen and Haak reveal why the traits of each breed emerged to make them world class K9 workers. Each chapter in this book examines the history, characteristics, training experience, and physical defects of the world's best working breeds. Only through understanding a breed's history can a K9 handler truly appreciate the different characteristics and capabilities of the dog they're working with. Knowing this information is invaluable in training a dog in order to develop his full potential. To this end, the authors include a chapter devoted to the difference in training the increasingly popular Malinois versus the previous top K9 worker, the German Shepherd.

Explodity

Download Explodity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Getty Publications
ISBN 13 : 1606065084
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Explodity by : Nancy Perloff

Download or read book Explodity written by Nancy Perloff and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2017-01-21 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The artists’ books made in Russia between 1910 and 1915 are like no others. Unique in their fusion of the verbal, visual, and sonic, these books are meant to be read, looked at, and listened to. Painters and poets—including Natalia Goncharova, Velimir Khlebnikov, Mikhail Larionov, Kazimir Malevich, and Vladimir Mayakovsky— collaborated to fabricate hand-lithographed books, for which they invented a new language called zaum (a neologism meaning “beyond the mind”), which was distinctive in its emphasis on “sound as such” and its rejection of definite logical meaning. At the heart of this volume are close analyses of two of the most significant and experimental futurist books: Mirskontsa (Worldbackwards) and Vzorval’ (Explodity). In addition, Nancy Perloff examines the profound differences between the Russian avant-garde and Western art movements, including futurism, and she uncovers a wide-ranging legacy in the midcentury global movement of sound and concrete poetry (the Brazilian Noigandres group, Ian Hamilton Finlay, and Henri Chopin), contemporary Western conceptual art, and the artist’s book. Sound recordings of zaum poems featured in the book are available at www.getty.edu.