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Macroeconomic Management And The Division Of Powers In Brazil
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Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Management and the Division of Powers in Brazil by : Antulio N. Bomfim
Download or read book Macroeconomic Management and the Division of Powers in Brazil written by Antulio N. Bomfim and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil's new federalism has limited, but not imperiled, the scope of fiscal policy as a stabilization tool. But the federal control over monetary policy has improved.
Book Synopsis Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Macroeconomic Management in Large Countries by :
Download or read book Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Macroeconomic Management in Large Countries written by and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 1994 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at the Senior Policy Seminar on Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations and Macroeconomic Management in Large Countires, held in New Delhi, February 26-28, 1991.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Federalism and Macroeconomic Governance by : Anwar Shah
Download or read book Fiscal Federalism and Macroeconomic Governance written by Anwar Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1998 Shah concludes that, contrary to a common misconception, decentralized fiscal systems offer more potential for improved macroeconomic governance than do centralized fiscal systems, because they require greater clarity about the roles of various players and decisionmakers and-to ensure fair play-greater transparency in rules governing interactions. In analyzing the institutional environment for macroeconomic management, Shah discusses monetary policy, fiscal policy, and subnational borrowing. In analyzing the macroeconomic dimensions of securing an economic union, he discusses the regulatory environment, tax coordination, transfer payments and social insurance, intergovernmental fiscal transfers, and regional equity. Finally, he discusses the challenges of globalization and draws lessons from experience about fiscal reform in developing countries: Among them: * Monetary policy is best entrusted to an independent central bank with a mandate for price stability. * Fiscal rules accompanied by gatekeeper intergovernmental councils or committees provide a useful framework for fiscal discipline and coordination of fiscal policy. * The integrity and independence of the financial sector contribute to fiscal prudence in the public sector. * To ensure fiscal discipline, governments at all levels must be made to face the financial consequences of their decisions. * Societal norms and consensus about the roles of various levels of government and limits to their authority are vital to the success of decentralized decisionmaking. * Tax decentralization is a prerequisite for subnational access to credit markets. * Higher-level institutional assistance may be needed to finance local capital projects. * An internal common market is best preserved by constitutional guarantees. * Intergovernmental transfers in developing countries undermine fiscal discipline and accountability while building transfer dependencies that cause a slow economic strangulation of fiscally disadvantaged regions. * Periodic review of jurisdictional assignments is essential to realign responsibilities with changing economic and political realities. * Finally, and contrary to a common misconception, decentralized fiscal systems offer more potential for improved macroeconomic governance than do centralized fiscal systems. This paper-a product of the Country and Regional Relations Division, Operations Evaluation Department-is part of a larger effort in the department to learn lessons of experience in improving public sector performance in developing countries. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Intergovernmental Relations and Economic Management in China by : J. Ma
Download or read book Intergovernmental Relations and Economic Management in China written by J. Ma and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-12-11 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how China's decentralization process has affected and will affect the country's macroeconomic performance and the functioning of the market. With an innovative application of game theory, the author develops an analytical framework that can explain the behaviour of the central and local governments under alternative institutional environments. The study also suggests how to establish desirable rules of games in China's political and economic institutions through appropriate reforms.
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Management and Intergovernmental Relations in China by : Jun Ma
Download or read book Macroeconomic Management and Intergovernmental Relations in China written by Jun Ma and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil by : David Samuels
Download or read book Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil written by David Samuels and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-02-24 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambition theory suggests that scholars can understand a good deal about politics by exploring politicians' career goals. In the USA, an enormous literature explains congressional politics by assuming that politicians primarily desire to win re-election. In contrast, although Brazil's institutions appear to encourage incumbency, politicians do not seek to build a career within the legislature. Instead, political ambition focuses on the subnational level. Even while serving in the legislature, Brazilian legislators act strategically to further their future extra-legislative careers by serving as 'ambassadors' of subnational governments. Brazil's federal institutions also affect politicians' electoral prospects and career goals, heightening the importance of subnational interests in the lower chamber of the national legislature. Together, ambition and federalism help explain important dynamics of executive-legislative relations in Brazil. This book's rational-choice institutionalist perspective contributes to the literature on the importance of federalism and subnational politics to understanding national-level politics around the world.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Decentralization and Fiscal Performance by : Anwar Shah
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Fiscal Performance written by Anwar Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiscal rules binding on all levels can help sustain political commitment in countries having coalitions or fragmented regimes in power. Coordinating institutions help in the use of moral suasion to encourage a coordinated response. Industrial countries' experiences also show that unilaterally imposed federal controls and constraints on subnational governments typically do not work. Instead, societal norms based on fiscal conservatism such as the Swiss referenda and political activism of the electorate play important roles. Ultimately capital markets and bond-rating agencies provide more effective discipline on fiscal policy. In this context, it is important not to backstop state and local debt and not to allow ownership of the banks by any level of government. Transparency of the budgetary process and institutions, accountability to the electorate, and general availability of comparative data encourages fiscal discipline.
Book Synopsis The New Fiscal Federalism in Brazil by : Anwar Shah
Download or read book The New Fiscal Federalism in Brazil written by Anwar Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an overview of the existing state of fiscal federalism in Brazil and suggests directions for change.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Management in Federal Democracies by : William R. Dillinger
Download or read book Fiscal Management in Federal Democracies written by William R. Dillinger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: May 1999 - Argentina and Brazil-two of the most decentralized public sectors in Latin America and (along with Colombia and India) among the most decentralized democracies in the developing world-faced similar problems in the 1980s: excessive public deficits and high inflation exacerbated by subnational deficits. In the 1990s, Argentina was more successful at macroeconomic stabilization, partly because it imposed harder budget constraints on the public sector nationally and partly because it had stronger party control of both national legislators and subnational governments. In shifting to decentralized public finances, a country's central government faces certain fiscal management problems. First, during and soon after the transition, unless it reduces spending or increases its own tax resources, the central government tends to have higher deficits as it shifts fiscal resources to subnational governments through transfers, revenue sharing, or delegation of tax bases. Reducing spending is hard not only because cuts are always hard but because subnational governments might not take on expected tasks, leaving the central government with a legal or political obligation to continue spending for certain services. Second, after decentralization, the local or state government faces popular pressure to spend more and tax less, creating the tendency to run deficits. This tendency can be a problem if subnational governments and their creditors expect or rely on bailouts by the central government. Econometric evidence from 32 large industrial and developing countries indicates that higher subnational spending and deficits lead to greater national deficits. Dillinger and Webb investigate how, and how successfully, Argentina and Brazil dealt with these problems in the 1990s. In both countries, subnational governments account for about half of public spending and are vigorous democracies in most (especially the largest) jurisdictions. The return to democracy in the 1980s revived and strengthened long-standing federal practices while weakening macroeconomic performance, resulting in unsustainable fiscal deficits, high inflation, sometimes hyperinflation, and low or negative growth. Occasional stabilization plans failed within a few years. Then Argentina (in 1991) and Brazil (in 1994) introduced successful stabilization plans. National issues were important in preventing and then bringing about macroeconomic stabilization, but so were intergovernmental fiscal relations and the fiscal management of subnational governments. State deficits and federal transfers were often out of control in the 1980s, contributing to national macroeconomic problems. Stabilization programs in the 1990s needed to establish control, and self-control, over subnational spending and borrowing. This paper-a product of Poverty Reduction and Economic Management, Latin America and the Caribbean Region-is part of the LCR regional studies program on fiscal decentralization in Latin America. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Macro Federalism and Local Finance by : Anwar M. Shah
Download or read book Macro Federalism and Local Finance written by Anwar M. Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-06-20 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design of a federal system to deal with growth, stabilization, and regional and local development issues is the primary concern of this volume, edited by Anwar Shah. The book provides analytical tools to address issues arising from globalization, localization, and regional integration. It discusses tax harmonization issues associated with subnational value added tax administration. It provides a framework for fiscal discipline in a federal system. Lessons from international experiences from policies to deal with lagging regions are drawn. The book empirically examines the effect of fiscal decentralization on the overall size of the public sector. Finally, it draws lessons from industrial countries' experiences on local governance. This important new series represents a response to several independent evaluations in recent years that have argued that development practitioners and policy makers dealing with public sector reforms in developing countries and, indeed, anyone with a concern for effective public governance could benefit from a synthesis of newer perspectives on public sector reforms. This series distills current wisdom and presents tools of analysis for improving the efficiency, equity, and efficacy of the public sector. Leading public policy experts and practitioners have contributed to the series.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Decentralization and Budget Control by : Laura von Daniels
Download or read book Fiscal Decentralization and Budget Control written by Laura von Daniels and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-03-25 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can governments control spending pressure from influential groups, often representing powerful regional interests? This book is concerned with institutional solutions that allow modern nation states to balance historically grown cultural, political and economic diversity. Laura von Daniels combines different literatures in economics and political science, and draws on interviews with former government leaders, and country experts from international organizations. She applies this research to topics such as fiscal institutions and budget balances, presenting a critical review of different institutional approaches to resolving fiscal imbalances and public indebtedness. Students and scholars of various disciplines, including politics, public and social policy, economics and business will find the discussions and detailed description of institutional reforms in emerging market nations to be of use to their research. It will also be of interest to practitioners working on fiscal decentralization and budget control.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Center by : Shahid Javed Burki
Download or read book Beyond the Center written by Shahid Javed Burki and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This report examines the impact of decentralization and its effect on the efficiency of public services, on equity, and on macroeconomic stability.
Book Synopsis Constitutional Engineering in Brazil by : Celina Souza
Download or read book Constitutional Engineering in Brazil written by Celina Souza and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book investigates why a country facing issues that needed to be tackled nationwide chose to decentralize when it moved from authoritarianism to democracy. It discusses the events of the Brazilian constituent assembly and investigates the results of decentralization at the subnational sphere. The results suggest that there was a lack of social consensus on what was to be achieved by decentralization. They suggest that political and economic factors influence the outcomes of decentralization, thus exposing the limits of decentralization on policy results.
Book Synopsis Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance by : James M. Poterba
Download or read book Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance written by James M. Poterba and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unprecedented rise and persistence of large-scale budget deficits in many developed and developing nations during the past three decades has caused great concern. The widespread presence of such deficits has proved difficult to explain. Their emergence in otherwise diverse nations defies particularistic explanations aimed at internal economic developments within a specific country. Fiscal Institutions and Fiscal Performance shifts emphasis away from narrow economic factors to more broadly defined political and institutional factors that affect government policy and national debt. This collection brings together new theoretical models, empirical evidence, and a series of in-depth case studies to analyze the effect of political institutions, fiscal regulations, and policy decisions on accumulating deficits. It provides a fascinating overview of the political and economic issues involved and highlights the role of budgetary institutions in the formation of budget deficits.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Reform by : Federico Sturzenegger
Download or read book The Political Economy of Reform written by Federico Sturzenegger and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Federico Sturzenegger and Mariano Tommasi propose formal models to answer some of the questions raised by the recent reform experience of many Latin American and eastern European countries.
Book Synopsis Development Centre Seminars Fiscal Decentralisation in Emerging Economies Governance Issues by : OECD Development Centre
Download or read book Development Centre Seminars Fiscal Decentralisation in Emerging Economies Governance Issues written by OECD Development Centre and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1999-04-22 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of experiences of fiscal decentralisation across a wide range of OECD-Member and non-member economies reveals lessons which are equally of relevance to both groups of countries.
Book Synopsis Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1995 by : Michael Bruno
Download or read book Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1995 written by Michael Bruno and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation. The 1995 conference continued the tradition of holding a roundtable discussion related to the subject of the forthcoming annual World Development Report (*), in this case, economies in transition. The conference addressed four themes: redistribution with growth; demographic change and development; aid and development; and fiscal decentralization. Among the articles included in the 1995 proceedings are: - Argentina's Miracle? From Hyperinflation to Sustained Growth. Domingo F. Cavallo and Guillermo Mondino - Inequality, Poverty, and Growth: Where Do We Stand? Albert Fishlow - Government Provision and Regulation of Economic Support in Old Age. Peter Diamond - Is Growth in Developing Countries Beneficial to Industrial Countries? Richard N. Cooper - Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization: A Review of Some Efficiency and Macroeconomic Aspects. Vito Tanzi.
