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Author : Andrew Paul Marshall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (311 download)
Download or read book Low Velocity Impact Damage on Thick-section Graphite/epoxy Laminates written by Andrew Paul Marshall and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jean-Maurice Férauge
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (212 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Low Velocity Impact Damage in a Twenty Four Ply Graphite-epoxy Laminate written by Jean-Maurice Férauge and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781731539595
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (395 download)
Download or read book Indentation-Flexure and Low-Velocity Impact Damage in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Static indentation and low velocity impact tests were performed on quasi-isotropic and cross ply graphite/epoxy composite laminates. The load deflection relations in static tests and impact force history in the impact tests were recorded. The damage was assessed by using ultrasonic C-scanning and photomicrographic techniques. The static behavior of the laminates and damage progression during loading, unloading, and reloading were explained by a simple plate delamination model. A good correlation existed between the static and impact responses. It was found that results from a few static indentation-flexture tests can be used to predict the response and damage in composite laminates due to a class of low velocity impact events. Kwon, Young S. and Sankar, Bhavani V. GRAPHITE-EPOXY COMPOSITES; IMPACT DAMAGE; IMPACT TESTS; INDENTATION; LOW SPEED; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; STATIC TESTS; DELAMINATING; LAMINATES; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS; PHOTOMICROGRAPHS; STRAIN ENERGY RELEASE RATE; ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION...
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Indentation-flexure and Low-velocity Impact Damage in Graphite/epoxy Laminates written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : JE. Masters
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Impact Damage Development in Graphite/Epoxy Laminates written by JE. Masters and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental investigations indicate that the damage tolerance of graphite/epoxy systems, as measured by the laminate's residual compression strength after low-velocity impact, is directly proportional to the neat resins strain to failure. Results also indicate that laminate damage tolerance is significantly increased when thin, discrete layers of tough, ductile resin are "interlayered" or placed between the graphite/epoxy lamina. The physical mechanics which lead to this improved impact resistance are examined in this investigation. Interlayered and noninterlayered 36-ply pseudoisotropic [(±45/0/90/0/90)2/±45/0/90/±45]s laminates were subjected to low-velocity, drop-weight impacts. Incident impact energy levels ranged from 1110 to 8890 N . m/m of laminate thickness (that is 250 to 2000 in. . lb/in. (Note: Original measurements were in English, which appear in parentheses in this paper.) The resulting impact-induced damage was characterized by a combination of destructive and non-destructive test methods, including ultrasonic C-scan, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The differences in the amounts and in the distributions of impact-induced damage in the interlayered and noninterlayered laminates will be discussed in detail. The ultrasonic C-scan data indicate that interlayering significantly reduced the size of internal delamination at all impact energy levels. Microscopic investigation of sectioned, polished impact specimens indicates that the pattern of damage development was also altered through interleafing. Although transverse cracks developed in the interlayered laminates at intermediate impact levels, they do not form delaminations at the ply interfaces as they do in the uninterleafed laminates. Damage at these levels is limited, for the most part, to a system of transverse cracks. While interlayered laminates do delaminate at the high-impact energy levels, the number and size of the delaminations are reduced.
Author : YS. Kwon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Indentation-Flexure and Low-Velocity Impact Damage in Graphite Epoxy Laminates written by YS. Kwon and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Static indentation-flexure and low-velocity impact tests were performed on quasi-isotropic and cross-ply graphite/epoxy composite laminates. The load-deflection relations in static tests and impact force history in impact tests were recorded. The damage was assessed by using ultrasonic C-scanning and photo-micrographic techniques. Some features of the static behavior were explained by simple analytical models. A good correlation existed between the load-deflection curves for static and impact loading. It was found that results from a few static indentation-flexure tests can be used to predict the impact force history and delamination radius in composite laminates due to low-velocity impact.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Summary of a Study to Determine Low-velocity Impact Damage and Residual Tension Strength for a Thick Graphite/epoxy Motor Case written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781722827342
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (273 download)
Download or read book Summary of a Study to Determine Low-Velocity Impact Damage and Residual Tension Strength for a Thick Graphite/Epoxy Motor Case written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impacters of various shapes and masses were dropped from various heights onto 36 mm (1.4 in.) thick graphite/epoxy cylinders, which represented filament wound cases (FWC) for the booster motors of the Space Shuttle. Insert solid propellant was cast into some of the cylinders. The cylinders were impacted numerous times around the circumference and then cut into 51 mm (2.0 in.) wide tension specimens, each containing an impact site. Four indenters were used: a sharp corner, two hemispheres, and a bolt-like rod. The diameters of the hemispheres were 12.7 mm mm (0.5 in.) and 25.4 mm (1.0 in.), and the diameter of the rod was 6.3 mm (0.25 in.). Impacts with the rod were simulated by pressing the rod against the face of specimens. For the hemispheres, the damage initiated beneath the surface at a critical contact pressure and was not visible on the surface until an even larger pressure was exceeded. The damage consisted of matrix cracking and broken fiber. The rod an corner made visible surface damage in all tests. For the hemispheres, the tension strength was reduced considerably before the damage was visible on the surface, 30 percent for the 25.4 mm (1.0 in.) diameter hemisphere and 10 percent for the 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) diameter hemisphere. Analytical methods were used to predict the damage and residual tension strength. A factor of safety to account for nonvisible damage was determined. Poe, C. C., Jr. Langley Research Center RTOP 505-63-01-05...
Download or read book Carmina congratulatoria destinata honoribus Lucae Richter ... written by and published by . This book was released on 1600 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book An Investigation of the Effect of Low Velocity Impacts on P75/934 Graphite/Epoxy Composites written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The low velocity impact testing of the P75/934 laminate plates revealed that this graphite/epoxy composite system is damaged very easily by impact. Impact energies to initiate damage as low as 6 ft-lb per inch thickness of composite were measured in drop-weight-type impact tests with edge supported, clamped specimens. Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, in particular, ultrasonic C-scan and dye enhanced X-ray radiography, confirmed that the damaged area increased with increased impact energy. The surface damage to the composite was detected visually only upon close inspection. Another promising NDE technique that was used to detect the presence of damage was thermal acoustic emission testing. Further study of this technique would be worthwhile pursuing.
Author : RL. Ramkumar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Effect of Low-Velocity Impact Damage on the Fatigue Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates written by RL. Ramkumar and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses an experimental program that addressed the effect of low-velocity impact damage on the fatigue behavior of two laminates, fabricated from AS/3501-6 graphite/epoxy unidirectional tapes, with lay-ups representative of high-performance fighter aircraft wing skin lay-ups. Prior to testing, specimens from these laminates were subjected to one of two types of low-velocity impact damage. The first type was created using a blunt-tipped (1.6-cm tip diameter) impactor, and the impact energy was chosen to induce internal damage, approximately 5 cm in diameter, with no visible sign of damage on the outer surfaces. The second type of damage was created using a sharp (tetrahedral-tipped) impactor, with visible signs of damage on the impacted and opposite surfaces. Subsequent to introducing low-velocity impact damage, test specimens were subjected to static and constant amplitude fatigue loading. In the presence of compressive loads, lateral knife-edge supports were placed near the outer edge, for specimen stability, permitting unconstrained delamination growth elsewhere. Static tension and compression tests were conducted initially, and significant strength reductions due to the impact damages were measured. Fatigue load amplitudes were chosen to be fractions, S, of the static strengths. The behavior of impact-damaged specimens was investigated under tension-tension (R ? 0), tension-compression (R = -1), and compression-compression (R -> -?) fatigue loads. During fatigue, the growth in the impact damage was monitored by means of ultrasonic pulse-echo records. Fatigue life data for the various laminate-damage-loading combinations were obtained in the form of S-N curves. Interesting damage growth patterns were observed, and the criticality of each type of impact damage on the fatigue behavior of the tested laminates was assessed.
Author : E. L. Stanton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book An Analysis of Interlaminar Stress Gradients and Impact Damage in Graphite-Epoxy Laminates written by E. L. Stanton and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interlaminar stress gradients caused by an internal disbond and by low velocity impact are analyzed using 3D finite elements. The disbonded (O/+ or -45/O2//-45/45/O) laminate warps out-of-plane under biaxial compression without large stress gradients. A much thicker 48 ply laminate (+ or -45/O2/+ or -45/O2/+ or -45/O/90)2S is analyzed for impact by a steel sphere that strikes the laminate off-center. Large subsurface shear stresses occur around the perimeter of the contact area with a sinusoidal distribution. These results were obtained using the PATCHES-III program with new constraint elements for modeling laminates. (Author).
Author : Marvin D. Rhodes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Effect of low-velocity impact damage on the compressive strength of graphite-epoxy hat-stiffened panels written by Marvin D. Rhodes and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (317 download)
Download or read book Simulated Impact Damage in a Thick Graphite/epoxy Laminate Using Spherical Indenters written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jon Shively
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Low-velocity Impact Effects on Graphite/epoxy Laminates written by Jon Shively and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781725015975
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (159 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Impact Damage and Circular Holes on the Compressive Strength of a Graphite-Epoxy Laminate written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Specimens were impacted by 1.27-cm-diameter aluminum spheres with speeds ranging from 52 to 101 m/s. Some specimens were impacted without any applied compressive load and then loaded to failure to determine their residual strength. Other specimens were loaded to a prescribed axial compressive strain and impacted while at that applied load. Loaded specimens that did not fail catastrophically on impact were subsequently loaded to failure to determine their residual strength. Low-velocity impact damage was found to degrade seriously the laminate static compressive strength. Low-strain compression-compression cyclic loading was found to degrade further the compressive strength of impact-damaged specimens. Specimens with circular holes having diameters up to a third of the specimen width were loaded to failure in compression. It was found that circular holes can also degrade the static compressive strength of the laminate. The effects of circular holes and impact damage on the compressive strength of the laminate are compared. Starnes, J. H., Jr. and Rhodes, M. D. and Williams, J. G. Langley Research Center NASA-TM-78796 ...
Author : Serge Abrate
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400753292
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Dynamic Failure of Composite and Sandwich Structures written by Serge Abrate and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-02 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad view of the current state of the art regarding the dynamic response of composite and sandwich structures subjected to impacts and explosions. Each chapter combines a thorough assessment of the literature with original contributions made by the authors. The first section deals with fluid-structure interactions in marine structures. The first chapter focuses on hull slamming and particularly cases in which the deformation of the structure affects the motion of the fluid during the water entry of flexible hulls. Chapter 2 presents an extensive series of tests underwater and in the air to determine the effects of explosions on composite and sandwich structures. Full-scale structures were subjected to significant explosive charges, and such results are extremely rare in the open literature. Chapter 3 describes a simple geometrical theory of diffraction for describing the interaction of an underwater blast wave with submerged structures. The second section addresses the problem of impact on laminated composite structures with chapters devoted to ballistic impacts on pre-stressed composite structures, tests developed to simulate dynamic failure in marine structures, damage mechanisms and energy absorption in low velocity impacts, perforation, the numerical simulation of intra and inter-ply damage during impact, and hail impact on laminated composites. Sandwich structures with laminated facings are considered in Section 3 with chapters dealing with the discrete modeling of honeycomb core during the indentation of sandwich structures, the behavior of fold core sandwich structures during impact, and impact on helicopter blades. The fourth section consists of two chapters presenting experimental results and numerical simulation of composite structures subjected to crash. This volume is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and engineers interested and involved in analysis and design of composite structures.
