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Low Salinity Water Flooding Application On Different Reservoir Rock Types
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Book Synopsis Low Salinity Water Flooding Application on Different Reservoir Rock Types by : mohamed magdy
Download or read book Low Salinity Water Flooding Application on Different Reservoir Rock Types written by mohamed magdy and published by محمد مجدي. This book was released on with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface chemistry has a great effect in enhancing oil recovery. For oil-wet sandstone reservoirs, low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is effective as it can alter rock wettability and reduce the oil/water interfacial tension. LSWF application is related to rock’s clay content and type. Clay hydrocarbon bonding can be formed through many mechanisms such as van deer waals forces and ionic bridge. LSWF effect is to weaken these bonds through two main mechanisms, Double Layer Expansion (DLE) and Multicomponent Ionic Exchange (MIE). Two fields (S and D), in Egypt’s Western Desert, have depleted strongly oil-wet reservoirs with similar rock and fluid properties. Field (S) is flooded by low salinity water (LSW), while Field (D) is flooded by high salinity water (HSW). Fortunately, the water source for Field (S) flooding is a LSW zone, which has a salinity +/- 5000 ppm as total dissolved solids (TDS). The formation water salinity was +/- 25,000 ppm as TDS. Field (S) lab experiments showed good compatibility between injected LSW, formation water and rock minerals. XRD and SEM indicate calcareous cementation with detrital clays content around 5%. Kaolinite is the common clay type, which has a low cation exchange capacity. For Field (S), the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) is 46%, while EUR for Field (D) is 39%. One of the main causes of this increase in Field (S) is LSWF application.
Book Synopsis Recovery of Crude Oil from Outcrop and Reservoir Sandstone by Low Salinity Waterflooding by : Hui Pu
Download or read book Recovery of Crude Oil from Outcrop and Reservoir Sandstone by Low Salinity Waterflooding written by Hui Pu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technologies cannot be overemphasized, especially in the context of the surge in energy demand driven by rapid economic growth in developing countries as people strive to improve their living standards. Getting higher oil recovery from existing fields will be a key part of meeting the world's growing demand for energy. In the past decade, injection of brines of low salinity content and selected ionic composition in sandstone reservoirs has been developed into an emerging EOR technology. The advantage of low salinity waterflooding is that it is operationally comparable to conventional waterflooding and does not require expensive chemicals or carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The complexity of the crude oil/brine/rock interactions is well recognized and the mechanisms behind the low salinity EOR process have been debated in the literature for the last decade. The objective of this work is to explore by experimental study the effect of low salinity waterflooding on different outcrop and reservoir cores. Investigation of increased oil recovery by injection of low salinity water such as coalbed methane production water has been extended to reservoir cores from the Tensleep, Minnelusa and Phosphoria formations in Wyoming and outcrop cores (Berea and Bentheim). The Tensleep and Minnelusa formations are eolian sandstones of comparable depositional environment that contain interstitial anhydrite, dolomite and occasional calcite cements. The Phosphoria dolomite has pin-point to coarse vuggy pores lined by sparry dolomite crystals and also features patches of anhydrite. All the cores taken from pay zones showed increased oil recovery ranging from 5 to 8% original oil in place through injection of low salinity water. Increase in sulfate ion content of the effluent brine confirmed the dissolution of anhydrite, for all three reservoir rock types. Proposed mechanisms of recovery by low salinity flooding of sandstones which are tied to the presence of clay cannot apply because none of these rocks have significant clay content. Further evidence of the role of anhydrite dissolution was provided by the recovery behavior of Tensleep cores taken from the water-saturated aquifer zone of an oil reservoir. Anhydrite cement was sparse and only visible in occluded regions of pore space but not in regions that were clearly permeable. For these cores, there was no additional oil recovery when the injected brine was switched to low salinity water. The release of dolomite crystals and other fine embedded minerals which is likely associated with dissolution of anhydrite, may be a factor in the observed response to low salinity waterflooding. The movement of cement components is a possible contributing factor in the wide variety of observed relationships between pressure drop and oil recovery. For example, significant variation of relative permeability to brine at constant saturation is often observed.
Book Synopsis A Mechanism of Improved Oil Recovery by Low-Salinity Waterflooding in Sandstone Rock by : Ramez Masoud Azmy Nasralla
Download or read book A Mechanism of Improved Oil Recovery by Low-Salinity Waterflooding in Sandstone Rock written by Ramez Masoud Azmy Nasralla and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injection of low-salinity water showed high potentials in improving oil recovery when compared to high-salinity water. However, the optimum water salinity and conditions are uncertain, due to the lack of understanding the mechanisms of fluid-rock interactions. The main objective of this study is to examine the potential and efficiency of low-salinity water in secondary and tertiary oil recovery for sandstone reservoirs. Similarly, this study aims to help in understanding the dominant mechanisms that aid in improving oil recovery by low-salinity waterflooding. Furthermore, the impact of cation type in injected brines on oil recovery was investigated. Coreflood experiments were conducted to determine the effect of water salinity and chemistry on oil recovery in the secondary and tertiary modes. The contact angle technique was used to study the impact of water salinity and composition on rock wettability. Moreover, the zeta potential at oil/brine and brine/rock interfaces was measured to explain the mechanism causing rock wettability alteration and improving oil recovery. Deionized water and different brines (from 500 to 174,000 mg/l), as well as single cation solutions were tested. Two types of crude oil with different properties and composition were used. Berea sandstone cores were utilized in the coreflood experiments. Coreflood tests indicated that injection of deionized water in the secondary mode resulted in significant oil recovery, up to 22% improvement, compared to seawater flooding. However, no more oil was recovered in the tertiary mode. In addition, injection of NaCl solution increased the oil recovery compared to injection of CaCl2 or MgCl2 at the same concentration. Contact angle results demonstrated that low-salinity water has an impact on the rock wettability; the more reduction in water salinity, the more a water-wet rock surface is produced. In addition, NaCl solutions made the rock more water-wet compared to CaCl2 or MgCl2 at the same concentration. Low-salinity water and NaCl solutions showed a highly negative charge at rock/brine and oil/brine interfaces by zeta potential measurements, which results in greater repulsive forces between the oil and rock surface. This leads to double-layer expansion and water-wet systems. These results demonstrate that the double-layer expansion is a primary mechanism of improving oil recovery when water chemical composition is manipulated. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149468
Download or read book Waterflooding written by G. Paul Willhite and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterflooding begins with understanding the basic principles of immiscible displacement, then presents a systematic procedure for designing a waterflood.
Download or read book Core Analysis written by Colin McPhee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 853 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Core Analysis: A Best Practice Guide is a practical guide to the design of core analysis programs. Written to address the need for an updated set of recommended practices covering special core analysis and geomechanics tests, the book also provides unique insights into data quality control diagnosis and data utilization in reservoir models. The book's best practices and procedures benefit petrophysicists, geoscientists, reservoir engineers, and production engineers, who will find useful information on core data in reservoir static and dynamic models. It provides a solid understanding of the core analysis procedures and methods used by commercial laboratories, the details of lab data reporting required to create quality control tests, and the diagnostic plots and protocols that can be used to identify suspect or erroneous data. Provides a practical overview of core analysis, from coring at the well site to laboratory data acquisition and interpretation Defines current best practice in core analysis preparation and test procedures, and the diagnostic tools used to quality control core data Provides essential information on design of core analysis programs and to judge the quality and reliability of core analysis data ultimately used in reservoir evaluation Of specific interest to those working in core analysis, porosity, relative permeability, and geomechanics
Book Synopsis Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding by : Kun Sang Lee
Download or read book Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding written by Kun Sang Lee and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-04-03 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding explains the latest technologies used in the integration of low-salinity and smart waterflooding in other EOR processes to reduce risks attributed to numerous difficulties in existing technologies, also introducing the synergetic effects. Covering both lab and field work and the challenges ahead, the book delivers a cutting-edge product for today’s reservoir engineers. Explains how smart waterflooding is beneficial to each EOR process, such as miscible, chemical and thermal technologies Discusses the mechanics and modeling involved using geochemistry Provides extensive tools, such as reservoir simulations through experiments and field tests, establishing a bridge between theory and practice
Book Synopsis Data Analysis of Low-salinity Waterflooding to Enhance the Oil Recovery in Sandstone Reservoirs by : Nadia Ariani
Download or read book Data Analysis of Low-salinity Waterflooding to Enhance the Oil Recovery in Sandstone Reservoirs written by Nadia Ariani and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The lack of a single reasonable general mechanism to describe how low-salinity waterflooding can improve oil recovery in both laboratory and field pilot projects has increased the interests of many researchers and stakeholders. There has not been observed the relationship of formation brine salinity and injected brine salinity to see how much salinity is reduced to produce the maximum enhanced oil recovery by LSWF. There is no guidance in what EOR stage the LSWF is best implemented. This work collects data from various published literature to develop a comprehensive data set regarding low-salinity waterflooding in sandstone reservoirs. The LSWF mechanisms are discussed to gain better understanding of the LSWF effect on oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs. The data set consists of parameters from coreflooding experiments that involved core samples, crude oil, and brines from different places. Histograms and box plots are used to visualize various kinds of data, and cross plots and charts are used to analyze the relationship between the important parameters and oil recovery. This study revealed the complexity of LSWF mechanisms and the corresponding parameters in the COBR system that associate with this process. The effects of rock porosity and permeability, total clay content, core aging temperature, COBR wettability, initial water saturation, oil base/acid ratio, asphaltenes content, formation and injected brine salinity and composition on the enhanced oil recovery are discussed in both secondary and tertiary LSWF modes. The applicability of parameters affecting the LSWF process are summarized. It is also observed the relationship between formation brine salinity and how much injected brine salinity was reduced or diluted to produce the maximum incremental secondary and additional tertiary recovery. Finally, in comparison to the conventional waterflooding, the final recovery from all of the LSWF stages are higher than the one of the conventional waterflooding, and the secondary+tertiary EOR stage produces the highest final recovery"--Abstract, page iii.
Book Synopsis Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs by : Emad Walid Al Shalabi
Download or read book Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs written by Emad Walid Al Shalabi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-14 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs provides a first of its kind review of the low salinity and engineered water injection (LSWI/EWI) techniques for today’s more complex enhanced oil recovery methods. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low salinity injection projects, and to date, the research is currently only located in numerous journal locations. This reference helps readers overcome these challenging issues with explanations on models, experiments, mechanism analysis, and field applications involved in low salinity and engineered water. Covering significant laboratory, numerical, and field studies, lessons learned are also highlighted along with key areas for future research in this fast-growing area of the oil and gas industry. After an introduction to its techniques, the initial chapters review the main experimental findings and explore the mechanisms behind the impact of LSWI/EWI on oil recovery. The book then moves on to the critical area of modeling and simulation, discusses the geochemistry of LSWI/EWI processes, and applications of LSWI/EWI techniques in the field, including the authors’ own recommendations based on their extensive experience. It is an essential reference for professional reservoir and field engineers, researchers and students working on LSWI/EWI and seeking to apply these methods for increased oil recovery. Teaches users how to understand the various mechanisms contributing to incremental oil recovery using low salinity and engineering water injection (LSWI/EWI) in sandstones and carbonates Balances guidance between designing laboratory experiments, to applying the LSWI/EWI techniques at both pilot-scale and full-field-scale for real-world operations Presents state-of-the-art approaches to simulation and modeling of LSWI/EWI
Book Synopsis Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes by : Ariffin Samsuri
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes written by Ariffin Samsuri and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerned with production decline, shortages of new oil reserves, and increasing world energy demand, the oil sector continues to search for economic and efficient techniques to enhance their oil recovery from the existing oil field using several enhanced oil recovery techniques (EOR)methods. Despite its highefficiency, widely acclaimed potentials, and limitations, the Low Salinity Water Flooding (LSWF), hybrid, and nanotechnology applications have gained vast interest with promising future to increase ultimate oil recovery, tackle operational challenges, reduce environmental damage, and allow the highest feasible recoveries with lower production costs. This synergistic combination has opened new routes for novel materials with fascinating properties. This book aims to provide an overview of EOR technology such as LSWF, hybrid, and nanotechnology applications in EOR processes.
Book Synopsis Novel Insights Into Low Salinity Water Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone Reservoirs by : Hasan N. Al-Saedi
Download or read book Novel Insights Into Low Salinity Water Flooding Enhanced Oil Recovery in Sandstone Reservoirs written by Hasan N. Al-Saedi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ever growing global energy demand and the natural decline in oil production from mature oil fields have been the main incentives to search for methods to increase recovery efficiency for several decades. Water flooding is extensively applied worldwide to improve oil recovery. The recent drop in oil prices has turned the oil industry to the cheapest improved oil recovery (IOR) techniques, such as low salinity (LS) waterflooding. Also, the reduction in reservoir energy and the friendly environmental aspects of low salinity water flooding (LSWF) provide additional incentives for its use. That LS water requires decreasing only the active divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and water salinity makes LS water flooding a relatively simple and low expense IOR technique. The water chemistry significantly impacts the oil recovery factor. Wettability is one of the major parameters that control the efficiency of water flooding. The primary mechanism for increased oil recovery during LSWF in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs is wettability alteration of the rock surface from oil-wet to water-wet. LS water imbibed into the low water-wet zones, the water wetness of the rock increased after injecting LS water, and in turn, microscopic sweep efficiency enhanced too. The mechanism behind LS water flooding has been extensively investigated in the literature but it still a topic of debate. The objective of this research is to solve the controversy and show the following: (1) Water chemistry weather partially or strongly determines the dominant wettability alteration mode. (2) The role of divalent cations in the formation water and in the injected water. (3) Clay's role for incremental recovery. This research work seeks to quantify the effects of mineral composition and water chemistry on water-rock interactions and wettability alteration"--Abstract, page
Book Synopsis Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery by : Patrizio Raffa
Download or read book Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery written by Patrizio Raffa and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes. A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields. • Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery. • Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR. • Includes both experimental and theoretical studies. About the Authors Patrizio Raffa is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals. Pablo Druetta works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
Book Synopsis Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies by : James J.Sheng
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by James J.Sheng and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies bridges the gap between theory and practice in a range of real-world EOR settings. Areas covered include steam and polymer flooding, use of foam, in situ combustion, microorganisms, "smart water"-based EOR in carbonates and sandstones, and many more. Oil industry professionals know that the key to a successful enhanced oil recovery project lies in anticipating the differences between plans and the realities found in the field. This book aids that effort, providing valuable case studies from more than 250 EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. The case studies cover practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, operational parameters, solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies, benefitting academicians and oil company practitioners alike. Strikes an ideal balance between theory and practice Focuses on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, and operational parameters Designed for technical professionals, covering the fundamental as well as the advanced aspects of EOR
Book Synopsis Potential of Low-Salinity Waterflooding Technology to Improve Oil Recovery by : Hisham Ben Mahmud
Download or read book Potential of Low-Salinity Waterflooding Technology to Improve Oil Recovery written by Hisham Ben Mahmud and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is a potential new method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in sandstone and carbonate rock formations. LSWF approach has gained an attention in the oil and gas industry due to its potential advantages over the conventional waterflooding and other chemical EOR technologies. The efficiency of waterflooding process is effected via reservoir and fluid parameters such as formation rock type, porosity, permeability, reservoir fluid saturation and distribution and optimum time of water injection. Combined effect of these factors can define the ultimate recovery of hydrocarbon. The main objective of this chapter is to review the mechanism of LSWF technique in improving oil recovery and the mechanism under which it operates. Various laboratory studies and few field applications of LSWF in recent years have been presented mainly at the lab scale. Also it will explore numerical modeling developments of this EOR approach.
Book Synopsis Relative Permeability Of Petroleum Reservoirs by : M.M. Honarpour
Download or read book Relative Permeability Of Petroleum Reservoirs written by M.M. Honarpour and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book enables petroleum reservoir engineers to predict the flow of fluids within a hydrocarbon deposit. Laboratory techniques are described for both steady-state and unsteady state measurements, and the calculation of relative permeability from field data is illustrated. A discussion of techniques for determing wettability is included, along with theoretical and empirical methods for the calculation of relative permeability, and prediction techniques. Contents include: Measurement of Rock Relative Permeability; Two-Phase Relative Permeability; Factors Affecting Two-Phase Relative Permeability; Three-Phase Relative Permeability; and Index.
Book Synopsis Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties by : Abhijit Y. Dandekar
Download or read book Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties written by Abhijit Y. Dandekar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A strong foundation in reservoir rock and fluid properties is the backbone of almost all the activities in the petroleum industry. Petroleum Reservoir Rock and Fluid Properties offers a reliable representation of fundamental concepts and practical aspects that encompass this vast subject area. The book provides up-to-date coverage of vari
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation Using MATLAB/GNU Octave by : Knut-Andreas Lie
Download or read book An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation Using MATLAB/GNU Octave written by Knut-Andreas Lie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents numerical methods for reservoir simulation, with efficient implementation and examples using widely-used online open-source code, for researchers, professionals and advanced students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis Macromolecular Characterization of Hydrocarbons for Sustainable Future by : Uttam Kumar Bhui
Download or read book Macromolecular Characterization of Hydrocarbons for Sustainable Future written by Uttam Kumar Bhui and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the macromolecular characterization of hydrocarbon components and their industrial applications for sustainable future development. It provides efficient integrated solutions and feasible industrial applications for sustainable cleaner and greener future. The book covers recent trends in the use of hydrocarbons such as crude oil, coal and shale, biomass and other carbon materials. Various topics covered in this book include challenges in mature field redevelopment, enhanced oil recovery, optical characteristics of petroleum crudes-surfactants-brine solutions, challenges and issues in processing hydrocarbons, 'coal for future cleaner fuel and chemicals' and 'biomass for fuels and chemicals'. The book is useful for the researchers and professionals working in the area of petroleum engineering.
