Low Energy Cosmic Ray Events Associated With Solar Flares

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Solar Cosmic Rays

Author : L.I. Miroshnichenko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401596468
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Cosmic Rays by : L.I. Miroshnichenko

Download or read book Solar Cosmic Rays written by L.I. Miroshnichenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It turned out to be really a rare and happy occasion that we know exact1y when and how a new branch of space physics was born, namely, a physics of solar cosmic rays. It happened on February 28 and March 7, 1942 when the fIrst "cosmic ray bursts" were recorded on the Earth, and the Sun was unambiguously identifIed for the fIrst time as the source of high-velocity 10 particles with energies up to > 10 eV. Just due to such a high energy these relativistic particles have been called "solar cosmic rays" (SCR), in distinction from the "true" cosmic rays of galactic origin. Between 1942 and the beginning ofthe space era in 1957 only extremely high energy solar particle events could be occasionally recorded by cosmic ray ground-Ievel detectors and balloon borne sensors. Since then the detection techniques varied considerably and the study of SCR turned into essential part of solar and solar-terrestrial physics.

Radiation and the International Space Station

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309068851
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiation and the International Space Station by : National Research Council

Download or read book Radiation and the International Space Station written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-03-25 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major objective of the International Space Station is learning how to cope with the inherent risks of human spaceflightâ€"how to live and work in space for extended periods. The construction of the station itself provides the first opportunity for doing so. Prominent among the challenges associated with ISS construction is the large amount of time that astronauts will be spending doing extravehicular activity (EVA), or "space walks." EVAs from the space shuttle have been extraordinarily successful, most notably the on-orbit repair of the Hubble Space Telescope. But the number of hours of EVA for ISS construction exceeds that of the Hubble repair mission by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the ISS orbit has nearly twice the inclination to Earth's equator as Hubble's orbit, so it spends part of every 90-minute circumnavigation at high latitudes, where Earth's magnetic field is less effective at shielding impinging radiation. This means that astronauts sweeping through these regions will be considerably more vulnerable to dangerous doses of energetic particles from a sudden solar eruption. Radiation and the International Space Station estimates that the likelihood of having a potentially dangerous solar event during an EVA is indeed very high. This report recommends steps that can be taken immediately, and over the next several years, to provide adequate warning so that the astronauts can be directed to take protective cover inside the ISS or shuttle. The near-term actions include programmatic and operational ways to take advantage of the multiagency assets that currently monitor and forecast space weather, and ways to improve the in situ measurements and the predictive power of current models.

Low Energy Cosmic Ray Events Associated with Solar Flares

Author : George Colvin Reid
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.M/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Low Energy Cosmic Ray Events Associated with Solar Flares by : George Colvin Reid

Download or read book Low Energy Cosmic Ray Events Associated with Solar Flares written by George Colvin Reid and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics

Author : Oddbjørn Engvold
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128143355
Total Pages : 524 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics by : Oddbjørn Engvold

Download or read book The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics written by Oddbjørn Engvold and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics illustrates the significance of the Sun in understanding stars through anexamination of the discoveries and insights gained from solar physics research. Ranging from theories to modelingand from numerical simulations to instrumentation and data processing, the book provides an overview of whatwe currently understand and how the Sun can be a model for gaining further knowledge about stellar physics.Providing both updates on recent developments in solar physics and applications to stellar physics, this bookstrengthens the solar–stellar connection and summarizes what we know about the Sun for the stellar, space, andgeophysics communities. - Applies observations, theoretical understanding, modeling capabilities and physical processes first revealed by the sun to the study of stellar physics - Illustrates how studies of Proxima Solaris have led to progress in space science, stellar physics and related fields - Uses characteristics of solar phenomena as a guide for understanding the physics of stars

Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena

Author : S. Matsushita
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483222519
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena by : S. Matsushita

Download or read book Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena written by S. Matsushita and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of Geomagnetic phenomena, Volume I covers the significant advances in geomagnetism and the penetrations into the generation of geomagnetic field phenomena. This volume is composed of three chapters. Chapter I deals briefly with the discovery and developments in geomagnetism, followed by discussions on some fundamental topics of the field, including the aurora and geomagnetic storms. This chapter also considers the instruments, geomagnetic stations, and the correlations between geomagnetic indices. Chapter II describes the magnetic properties of minerals and various processes of acquisition of remanent magnetization. This chapter also provides palaeomagnetic data for the direction and intensity of the geomagnetic field in ancient times. Chapter III explores geomagnetic variations caused by solar flares and eclipses. This book will prove useful to physicists, students in upper atmospheric and space topics, and scientists in allied fields with a background in geomagnetism.

Cosmic Rays at Earth

Author : P.K.F. Grieder
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080530052
Total Pages : 1117 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays at Earth by : P.K.F. Grieder

Download or read book Cosmic Rays at Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.

NASA Technical Note

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis NASA Technical Note by :

Download or read book NASA Technical Note written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Extreme Events in Geospace

Author : Natalia Buzulukova
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128127015
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Extreme Events in Geospace by : Natalia Buzulukova

Download or read book Extreme Events in Geospace written by Natalia Buzulukova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences helps deepen the understanding, description, and forecasting of the complex and inter-related phenomena of extreme space weather events. Composed of chapters written by representatives from many different institutions and fields of space research, the book offers discussions ranging from definitions and historical knowledge to operational issues and methods of analysis. Given that extremes in ionizing radiation, ionospheric irregularities, and geomagnetically induced currents may have the potential to disrupt our technologies or pose danger to human health, it is increasingly important to synthesize the information available on not only those consequences but also the origins and predictability of such events. Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences is a valuable source for providing the latest research for geophysicists and space weather scientists, as well as industries impacted by space weather events, including GNSS satellites and radio communication, power grids, aviation, and human spaceflight. The list of first/second authors includes M. Hapgood, N. Gopalswamy, K.D. Leka, G. Barnes, Yu. Yermolaev, P. Riley, S. Sharma, G. Lakhina, B. Tsurutani, C. Ngwira, A. Pulkkinen, J. Love, P. Bedrosian, N. Buzulukova, M. Sitnov, W. Denig, M. Panasyuk, R. Hajra, D. Ferguson, S. Lai, L. Narici, K. Tobiska, G. Gapirov, A. Mannucci, T. Fuller-Rowell, X. Yue, G. Crowley, R. Redmon, V. Airapetian, D. Boteler, M. MacAlester, S. Worman, D. Neudegg, and M. Ishii. - Helps to define extremes in space weather and describes existing methods of analysis - Discusses current scientific understanding of these events and outlines future challenges - Considers the ways in which space weather may affect daily life - Demonstrates deep connections between astrophysics, heliophysics, and space weather applications, including a discussion of extreme space weather events from the past - Examines national and space policy issues concerning space weather in Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States

Solar Energetic Particles

Author : Donald V. Reames
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319508717
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Energetic Particles by : Donald V. Reames

Download or read book Solar Energetic Particles written by Donald V. Reames and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise primer introduces the non-specialist reader to the physics of solar energetic particles (SEP) and systematically reviews the evidence for the two main mechanisms which lead to the so-called impulsive and gradual SEP events. More specifically, the timing of the onsets, the longitude distributions, the high-energy spectral shapes, the correlations with other solar phenomena (e.g. coronal mass ejections), as well as the all-important elemental and isotopic abundances of SEPs are investigated. Impulsive SEP events are related to magnetic reconnection in solar flares and jets. The concept of shock acceleration by scattering on self-amplified Alfvén waves is introduced, as is the evidence of reacceleration of impulsive-SEP material in the seed population accessed by the shocks in gradual events. The text then develops processes of transport of ions out to an observer. Finally, a new technique to determine the source plasma temperature in both impulsive and gradual events is demonstrated. Last but not least the role of SEP events as a radiation hazard in space is mentioned and a short discussion of the nature of the main particle telescope designs that have contributed to most of the SEP measurements is given.

Galileo Unbound

Author : David D. Nolte
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192528505
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Galileo Unbound by : David D. Nolte

Download or read book Galileo Unbound written by David D. Nolte and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galileo Unbound traces the journey that brought us from Galileo's law of free fall to today's geneticists measuring evolutionary drift, entangled quantum particles moving among many worlds, and our lives as trajectories traversing a health space with thousands of dimensions. Remarkably, common themes persist that predict the evolution of species as readily as the orbits of planets or the collapse of stars into black holes. This book tells the history of spaces of expanding dimension and increasing abstraction and how they continue today to give new insight into the physics of complex systems. Galileo published the first modern law of motion, the Law of Fall, that was ideal and simple, laying the foundation upon which Newton built the first theory of dynamics. Early in the twentieth century, geometry became the cause of motion rather than the result when Einstein envisioned the fabric of space-time warped by mass and energy, forcing light rays to bend past the Sun. Possibly more radical was Feynman's dilemma of quantum particles taking all paths at once — setting the stage for the modern fields of quantum field theory and quantum computing. Yet as concepts of motion have evolved, one thing has remained constant, the need to track ever more complex changes and to capture their essence, to find patterns in the chaos as we try to predict and control our world.

NASA Technical Report

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis NASA Technical Report by :

Download or read book NASA Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Space Weather

Author : Volker Bothmer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540345787
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Space Weather by : Volker Bothmer

Download or read book Space Weather written by Volker Bothmer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-10 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors present a state-of-the-art overview on the Physics of Space Weather and its effects on technological and biological systems on the ground and in space. It opens with a general introduction on the subject, followed by a historical review on the major developments in the field of solar terrestrial relationships leading to its development into the up-to-date field of space weather. Specific emphasis is placed on the technological effects that have impacted society in the past century at times of major solar activity. Chapter 2 summarizes key milestones, starting from the base of solar observations with classic telescopes up to recent space observations and new mission developments with EUV and X-ray telescopes (e.g., STEREO), yielding an unprecedented view of the sun-earth system. Chapter 3 provides a scientific summary of the present understanding of the physics of the sun-earth system based on the latest results from spacecraft designed to observe the Sun, the interplanetary medium and geospace. Chapter 4 describes how the plasma and magnetic field structure of the earth's magnetosphere is impacted by the variation of the solar and interplanetary conditions, providing the necessary science and technology background for missions in low and near earth's orbit. Chapter 5 elaborates the physics of the layer of the earth's upper atmosphere that is the cause of disruptions in radio-wave communications and GPS (Global Positioning System) errors, which is of crucial importance for projects like Galileo. In Chapters 6-10, the impacts of technology used up to now in space, on earth and on life are reviewed.

Nuclear Science Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1018 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Science Abstracts by :

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975-07 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Space Environment

Author : Alan C. Tribble
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691213070
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Space Environment by : Alan C. Tribble

Download or read book The Space Environment written by Alan C. Tribble and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breakup of the Space Shuttle Columbia as it reentered Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, reminded the public--and NASA--of the grave risks posed to spacecraft by everything from insulating foam to space debris. Here, Alan Tribble presents a singular, up-to-date account of a wide range of less conspicuous but no less consequential environmental effects that can damage or cause poor performance of orbiting spacecraft. Conveying a wealth of insight into the nature of the space environment and how spacecraft interact with it, he covers design modifications aimed at eliminating or reducing such environmental effects as solar absorptance increases caused by self-contamination, materials erosion by atomic oxygen, electrical discharges due to spacecraft charging, degradation of electrical circuits by radiation, and bombardment by micrometeorites. This book is unique in that it bridges the gap between studies of the space environment as performed by space physicists and spacecraft design engineering as practiced by aerospace engineers.

Cosmic Rays in the Earth’s Atmosphere and Underground

Author : Lev Dorman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402021135
Total Pages : 891 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Cosmic Rays in the Earth’s Atmosphere and Underground by : Lev Dorman

Download or read book Cosmic Rays in the Earth’s Atmosphere and Underground written by Lev Dorman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present monograph as well as the next one (Dorman, M2005) is a result of more than 50 years working in cosmic ray (CR) research. After graduation in December 1950 Moscow Lomonosov State University (Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics Division, the Team of Theoretical Physics), my supervisor Professor D. I. Blokhintsev planned for me, as a winner of a Red Diploma, to continue my education as an aspirant (a graduate student) to prepare for Ph. D. in his very secret Object in the framework of what was in those time called the Atomic Problem. To my regret the KGB withheld permission, and I, together with other Jewish students who had graduated Nuclear Divisions of Moscow and Leningrad Universities and Institutes, were faced with a real prospect of being without any work. It was our good fortune that at that time there was being brought into being the new Cosmic Ray Project (what at that time was also very secret, but not as secret as the Atomic Problem), and after some time we were directed to work on this Project. It was organized and headed by Prof. S. N. Vernov (President of All-Union Section of Cosmic Rays) and Prof. N. V. Pushkov (Director of IZMIRAN); Prof. E. L. Feinberg headed the theoretical part of the Project.

Solar Activity and Polar Cap Absorption Events

Author : Anne B. Kahle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.M/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Activity and Polar Cap Absorption Events by : Anne B. Kahle

Download or read book Solar Activity and Polar Cap Absorption Events written by Anne B. Kahle and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The known facts about visible characteristics of solar flares and flare associated solar radio emission, solar ultraviolet and x-rays, solar cosmic rays and polar cap absorption, and solar corpuscular streams are briefly reviewed. Tables of data of the occurrence of these phenomena in conjunction with polar cap absorption (PCA) events are given. (Author).

Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure

Author : Ioannis A. Daglis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402027482
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (274 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure by : Ioannis A. Daglis

Download or read book Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure written by Ioannis A. Daglis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-09-15 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 17 chapters of this book grew out of the tutorial lectures given by leading world-class experts at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop “Effects of Space Weather on Technology Infrastructure” - ESPRIT, which was held in Rhodes on March 25-29, 2004. All manuscripts were refereed and subsequently meticulously edited by the editor to ensure the highest quality for this monograph. I owe particular thanks to the lecturers of the ESPRIT Advanced Research Workshop for producing these excellent tutorial reviews, which convey the essential knowledge and the latest advances in our field. Due to the breadth, extensive literature citations and quality of the reviews we expect this publication to serve extremely well as a reference book. Multimedia material referring to individual chapters of the book is accessible on the accompanying CD. The aim of ESPRIT was to assess existing knowledge and identify future actions regarding monitoring, forecasting and mitigation of space weather induced malfunction and damage of vital technological systems operating in space and on the ground.