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Lord Lothian And Anglo American Relations 1939 1940
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Book Synopsis Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1939-1940 by : David Reynolds
Download or read book Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1939-1940 written by David Reynolds and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on 1983 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the British amateur ambassadors, none was more distinguished than Philip Kerr, 11th Marquis of Lothian (1882-1940). His tenure of office was brief -- Aug. 1939 to Dec. 1940 -- but it coincided with a crucial period in British & U.S. history. Recently-opened archives enable one to fill in some important gaps in the history of his life & achievements & to set Lothian's work in the context of British & U.S. policy-making. This book will shows the strengths & weaknesses of a non-career diplomat. In the end, the successes outweighed the failures, as is shown by examining Lothian's role as intermediary between Churchill & Roosevelt in the two episodes in Anglo-American diplomacy during 1940, the Destroyers-for-Bases Deal & the origins of Lend-Lease.
Book Synopsis Mr. Kerry Goes to Washington by : Craig E. Saucier
Download or read book Mr. Kerry Goes to Washington written by Craig E. Saucier and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract - The purpose of this dissertation is to examine and assess the role of Philip Henry Kerr, eleventh Marquis of Lothian, the British ambassador to the United States from August 1939 to December 1940. While much of the historiography of Anglo-American relations during the Second World War focuses on the Roosevelt-Churchill axis, this dissertation contends that Lord Lothian played a vital, if not the principal, role in creating that axis and in forging closer relations during the vital months before Pearl Harbor. More generally, this dissertation contends that Lothian is a vital, if not the principal, architect of the "Special Relationship." Anglo-American relations during the interwar years were characterized by an underlying discord, caused by economic disparity, naval rivalry, and divergent approaches to international security. By December 1940, however, relations were stronger and closer, as many Americans came to appreciate that Britain's survival was critical to keeping the United States out of the war. Although not exclusively responsible, Lothian played a significant role in affecting this transformation in public opinion. First, he established a British public relations apparatus and initiated a vigorous publicity campaign in the United States, which generated greater awareness of Britain's increasingly dire military predicament and more widespread popular support for Britain. Second, Lothian helped to broker the celebrated Destroyers-for-Bases deal, by which the United States agreed to provide Britain with fifty destroyers in return for land rights in various British possessions in the Western Hemisphere. Third, Lothian helped to lay the foundations for the Lend-Lease program. Following a brief autumn visit to Britain, he intimated to the American press that London was running out of cash with which to purchase American military supplies. He also urged Churchill to outline the realities of Britain's position in a long, detailed letter to Roosevelt. These two initiatives presented the Roosevelt administration with a comprehensive view of Britain's desperate situation that compelled the president to take action. The result was the Lend-Lease Act, which provided Britain with a program of American assistance, hardly compatible with neutrality, and ultimately became the foundation of the Anglo-American alliance during the Second World War.
Book Synopsis Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1939-1940 by : David Reynolds
Download or read book Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1939-1940 written by David Reynolds and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on 2007-12 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the British ¿amateur ambassadors¿ none was more distinguished than Philip Kerr, 11th Marquis of Lothian (1882-1940). His tenure of office was brief -- Aug. 1939 to Dec. 1940 -- but it coincided with a crucial period in British & U.S. history. Recently-opened archives enable one to fill in some important gaps in the history of his life & achievements & to set Lothian¿s work in the context of British & U.S. policy-making. This book will shows the strengths & weaknesses of a non-career diplomat. In the end, the successes outweighed the failures, as is shown by examining Lothian¿s role as intermediary between Churchill & Roosevelt in the two episodes in Anglo-Amer. diplomacy during 1940, the Destroyers-for-Bases Deal & the origins of Lend-Lease.
Book Synopsis Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1900-1940 by : Priscilla Mary Roberts
Download or read book Lord Lothian and Anglo-American Relations, 1900-1940 written by Priscilla Mary Roberts and published by Republic of Letters. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of International Relations, Diplomacy and Intelligence, 13 (History of International Relations Library, 13) For the first four decades of the twentieth century Philip Kerr, the Eleventh Marquess of Lothian, hovered on the fringes of power in Britain. As a commentator on public affairs, private secretary to Liberal prime minister David Lloyd George, secretary to the Rhodes Trust, Liberal peer, and ambassador to the United States at the beginning of World War II, Lothian's greatest interest was in preserving and strengthening the British Empire and building close bonds with the United States. This international collection of essays by seven scholars explores Lothian's impact on Anglo-American relations and his role, behind the scenes and as a government official, in forging what would eventually become known as the "special relationship." Table of Contents PREFACE INTRODUCTION The Making of an Atlanticist: Philip Kerr, 1882-1921 Priscilla Roberts CHAPTER ONE Lord Lothian, Russia, and Ideas for a New International Order, 1916-1922 Keith Neilson CHAPTER TWO Philip Kerr, the Irish Question, and Anglo-American Relations, 1916-1921 Melanie Sayers CHAPTER THREE The Interwar Philip Lothian Priscilla Roberts CHAPTER FOUR Lord Lothian, the Far East, and Anglo-American Strategic Relations, 1934-1941 Greg Kennedy CHAPTER FIVE Lord Lothian's Ambassadorship in Washington August 1939-December 1940 J. Simon Rofe CHAPTER SIX Creating a Sense of Criticality: 'Lothian's Method' and the Evolution of U.S. Wartime Aid to Britain Gavin Bailey CHAPTER SEVEN Lothian and the Problem of Relative Decline David P. Billington, Jr. CONCLUSION The Final Stage Priscilla Roberts BIBLIOGRAPHY INFORMATION ON CONTRIBUTORS INDEX About the Author(s)/Editor(s) Priscilla Roberts, Ph.D. (1981) in History, King's College, Cambridge, is Associate Professor of History at the University of Hong Kong. She has published extensively on twentieth-century international history and Anglo-American diplomacy. David P. Billington, Jr., Ph.D. (1995) in History, University of Texas at Austin. is an independent scholar. His books include Lothian: Philip Kerr and the Quest for World Order (2006). Greg Kennedy, Ph.D. (1998) in History, University of Albera, is Professor of Strategic Foreign Policy at the Defence Studies Department, King's College, London. He has written extensively on strategic foreign policy issues, diplomacy, and intelligence, including Anglo-American Strategic Relations and the Far East, 1933-1939 (2002). Keith Neilson is a professor in the History Department of the Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He has written extensively on British strategic foreign policy, particularly with regard to Russia and the Soviet Union. Gavin Bailey is a research student at Dundee University, completing a Ph.D. thesis on Anglo-American aviation supply collaboration during the Second World War. He has a particular interest in locating technically-informed military history within the broader context of diplomatic and economic statecraft. J. Simon Rofe is a lecturer in the Centre for American Studies in the Department of Politics & International Relations, University of Leicester. His research interests focus on twentieth-century U.S. foreign relations and diplomacy. Amongst his most recent publications is Franklin Roosevelt's Foreign Policy and the Welles Mission (2007). Melanie Sayers is finishing her Ph.D.thesis at the University of Edinburgh. This will explore the involvement of Philip Kerr in the Irish problem, particularly between the years 1916-1921, and his influence on the settlement finally reached.
Book Synopsis Address by the Most Hon. the Marquess of Lothian, (British Ambassador to the United States), to the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce, April 19, 1940 by : Philip Henry Kerr Marquis of Lothian
Download or read book Address by the Most Hon. the Marquess of Lothian, (British Ambassador to the United States), to the St. Louis Chamber of Commerce, April 19, 1940 written by Philip Henry Kerr Marquis of Lothian and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chamberlain and Roosevelt by : William R. Rock
Download or read book Chamberlain and Roosevelt written by William R. Rock and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Anglo-American Relations by : Sylvia Ellis
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Anglo-American Relations written by Sylvia Ellis and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anglo-American relations have been a crucial factor in international relations for over two centuries. For most of that time dealings between Britain and the United States have remained co-operative, cordial, and supportive. In the beginning, however, relations were confrontational and discordant: the two nations waged war against each other twice_in the War of Independence and in the War of 1812_and have often disagreed over trade, finance, and foreign policy. This volume demonstrates the changing nature of Anglo-American relations and focuses, in particular, on the strengths and fragilities of the 'special relationship' that developed in the aftermath of the WWII and continues to the present day. The Historical Dictionary of Anglo-American Relations surveys Anglo-American relations from 1607 to the present and covers key events, individuals, and issues that have played a part in its history. Through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, appendixes, and hundreds of cross-referenced entries_with an emphasis on the political and economic relationship between Britain and the United States but also featuring the cultural links between the two_this comprehensive and easily accessible reference tool will delight those interested in the history of these two countries.
Book Synopsis Churchill and the Anglo-American Special Relationship by : Alan P. Dobson
Download or read book Churchill and the Anglo-American Special Relationship written by Alan P. Dobson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines Winston Churchill’s role in the creation and development of the Anglo–American special relationship. Drawing together world leading and emergent scholars, this volume offers a critical celebration of Churchill’s contribution to establishing the Anglo–American special relationship. Marking the seventieth anniversary of Churchill’s pronouncement in 1946 of that special relationship in his famous Iron Curtain speech, the book provides new insights into old debates by drawing upon approaches and disciplines that have hitherto been marginalised or neglected. The book foregrounds agency, culture, values, ideas and the construction and representation of special Anglo–American relations, past and present. The volume covers two main themes. Firstly, it identifies key influences upon Churchill as he developed his political career, especially processes and patterns of Anglo–American convergence prior to and during World War Two. Second, it provides insights into how Churchill sought to promote a post-war Anglo–American special relationship, how he discursively constructed it and how he has remained central to that narrative to the present day. From this analysis emerges new understanding of the raw material from which Churchill conjured special UK–US relations and of how his conceptualisation of that special relationship has been shaped and re-shaped in the decades after 1946. This book will be of much interest to students of Anglo–American relations, Cold War Studies, foreign policy, international history and IR in general.
Book Synopsis Anglo-American Defence Relations, 1939-84 by : John Baylis
Download or read book Anglo-American Defence Relations, 1939-84 written by John Baylis and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984-10-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: '... strongly recommended to anyone with an interest in the current problems of defence ...' British Army Review
Book Synopsis Anglo-American Defence Relations 1939–1980 by : John Baylis
Download or read book Anglo-American Defence Relations 1939–1980 written by John Baylis and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-06-18 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anglo-American Relations in the Twentieth Century by : Ritchie Ovendale
Download or read book Anglo-American Relations in the Twentieth Century written by Ritchie Ovendale and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 1998-10-30 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critique of Anglo-American relations in the twentieth century in the light of the most recent research. It challenges many existing interpretations and argues that the basis of the Anglo-American special relationship was laid by Roosevelt and Chamberlain, that Roosevelt preferred Stalin to Churchill, and that the origins of the Cold War should be seen as a British education of the Americans to the Soviet threat. Suez is reassessed following the recent release of material in the Eisenhower Library. There is a consideration of the relationship of 'mutual interdependence' and why Wilson and Heath chose to move instead towards the European connection, as well as Mrs Thatcher's reasons for preferring the Atlantic alliance.
Book Synopsis Anglo-American Strategic Relations and the Far East, 1933-1939 by : Greg Kennedy
Download or read book Anglo-American Strategic Relations and the Far East, 1933-1939 written by Greg Kennedy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-11 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume charts how the national strategic needs of the United States of America and Great Britain created a "parallel but not joint" relationship towards the Far East as the crisis in that region evolved from 1933-39. In short, it is a look at the relationship shared between the two nations with respect to accommodating one another on certain strategic and diplomatic issues so that they could become more confident of one another in any potential showdowns with Japan.
Book Synopsis Churchill, Roosevelt & Company by : Lewis E. Lehrman
Download or read book Churchill, Roosevelt & Company written by Lewis E. Lehrman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During World War II the “special relationship” between the United States and Great Britain cemented the alliance that won the war. But the ultimate victory of that partnership has obscured many of the conflicts behind Franklin Roosevelt’s grins and Winston Churchill’s victory signs, the clashes of principles and especially personalities between and within the two nations. Synthesizing an impressive variety of sources from memoirs and letters to histories and biographies, Lewis Lehrman explains how the Anglo-American alliance worked--and occasionally did not work--by presenting portraits and case studies of the men who worked the back channels and back rooms, the secretaries and under secretaries, ambassadors and ministers, responsible for carrying out Roosevelt’s and Churchill’s agendas while also pursuing their own and thwarting others’. This was the domain of Joseph Kennedy, American ambassador to England often at odds with his boss; spymasters William Donovan and William Stephenson; Secretary of State Cordell Hull, whom FDR frequently bypassed in favor of Under Secretary Sumner Welles; British ambassadors Lord Lothian and Lord Halifax; and, above them all, Roosevelt and Churchill, who had the difficult task, not always well performed, of managing their subordinates and who frequently chose to conduct foreign policy directly between themselves. Scrupulous in its research and fair in its judgments, Lehrman’s book reveals the personal diplomacy at the core of the Anglo-American alliance.
Book Synopsis Forging the Anglo-American Alliance by : Tyler R. Bamford
Download or read book Forging the Anglo-American Alliance written by Tyler R. Bamford and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2022-07-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The joint British and US campaigns in the European theater of operations during World War II rank among the most impressive examples of coalition warfare in history. In just eighteen months, the US and British armies integrated their planning, intelligence, and command structures more thoroughly than any previous alliance. Millions of British and American soldiers fighting alongside one another liberated North Africa, France, Italy, and western Germany. How did these two armies come together so quickly? How did they combine their forces to a degree never before seen among the services of sovereign nations? And how did they sustain their alliance in the face of severe disagreements and battlefield setbacks? In Forging the Anglo-American Alliance, Tyler Bamford answers these questions by presenting the first history of the two armies’ relations from 1917 to 1941. Great Britain and the United States emerged from World War I as the strongest military powers in the world. Forging the Anglo-American Alliance examines why the armies of these two nations chose to view each other as their closest strategic partner instead of their greatest potential threat and illustrates the legacy that World War I had on the attitudes of the US and British armies toward one another and alliance warfare. Through personal interactions and military education in the years leading up to World War II, army officers shared large amounts of military intelligence and formed positive opinions of one another. As the threat of Germany and Japan grew, army officers were the first to anticipate the need for an alliance between their nations and to begin thinking about ways to structure their combined forces. Using untapped archival sources, official reports, and officers’ personal papers, Bamford presents an important and engaging new analysis of how this partnership grew out of the experiences and initiative of British and US Army officers and attachés during World War I and the two decades that followed.
Book Synopsis The Origins of the Grand Alliance by : William T. Johnsen
Download or read book The Origins of the Grand Alliance written by William T. Johnsen and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On December 12, 1937, Japanese aircraft sank the American gunboat Panay, which was anchored in the Yangtze River outside Nanjing, China. Although the Japanese apologized, the attack turned American public opinion against Japan, and President Roosevelt dispatched Captain Royal Ingersoll to London to begin conversations with the British admiralty about Japanese aggression in the Far East. While few Americans remember the Panay Incident, it established the first links in the chain of Anglo-American military collaboration that eventually triumphed in World War II. In The Origins of the Grand Alliance, William T. Johnsen provides the first comprehensive analysis of military collaboration between the United States and Great Britain before the Second World War. He sets the stage by examining Anglo-French and Anglo-American coalition military planning from 1900 through World War I and the interwar years. Johnsen also considers the formulation of policy and grand strategy, operational planning, and the creation of the command structure and channels of communication. He addresses vitally important logistical and materiel issues, particularly the difficulties of war production. Military conflicts in the early twenty-first century continue to underscore the increasing importance of coalition warfare for historian and soldier alike. Drawn from extensive sources and private papers held in the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States, Johnsen's exhaustively researched study refutes the idea that America was the naive junior partner in the coalition and casts new light on the US-UK "special relationship."
Book Synopsis Tomorrow, the World by : Stephen Wertheim
Download or read book Tomorrow, the World written by Stephen Wertheim and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-27 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new history explains how and why, as it prepared to enter World War II, the United States decided to lead the postwar world. For most of its history, the United States avoided making political and military commitments that would entangle it in European-style power politics. Then, suddenly, it conceived a new role for itself as the world’s armed superpower—and never looked back. In Tomorrow, the World, Stephen Wertheim traces America’s transformation to the crucible of World War II, especially in the months prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. As the Nazis conquered France, the architects of the nation’s new foreign policy came to believe that the United States ought to achieve primacy in international affairs forevermore. Scholars have struggled to explain the decision to pursue global supremacy. Some deny that American elites made a willing choice, casting the United States as a reluctant power that sloughed off “isolationism” only after all potential competitors lay in ruins. Others contend that the United States had always coveted global dominance and realized its ambition at the first opportunity. Both views are wrong. As late as 1940, the small coterie of officials and experts who composed the U.S. foreign policy class either wanted British preeminence in global affairs to continue or hoped that no power would dominate. The war, however, swept away their assumptions, leading them to conclude that the United States should extend its form of law and order across the globe and back it at gunpoint. Wertheim argues that no one favored “isolationism”—a term introduced by advocates of armed supremacy in order to turn their own cause into the definition of a new “internationalism.” We now live, Wertheim warns, in the world that these men created. A sophisticated and impassioned narrative that questions the wisdom of U.S. supremacy, Tomorrow, the World reveals the intellectual path that brought us to today’s global entanglements and endless wars.
Book Synopsis From World War to Cold War by : David Reynolds
Download or read book From World War to Cold War written by David Reynolds and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1940s was probably the most dramatic and decisive decade of the 20th century. This volume explores the Second World War and the origins of the Cold War from the vantage point of two of the great powers of that era, Britain and the USA, and of their wartime leaders, Churchill and Roosevelt. It also looks at their chequered relations with Stalin and at how the Grand Alliance crumbled into an undesired Cold War. But this is not simply a story of top-level diplomacy. David Reynolds explores the social and cultural implications of the wartime Anglo-American alliance, particularly the impact of nearly three million GIs on British life, and reflects more generally on the importance of cultural issues in the study of international history. This book persistently challenges popular stereotypes - for instance on Churchill in 1940 or his Iron Curtain speech. It probes cliches such as 'the special relationship' and even 'the Second World War'. And it offers new views of the familiar, such as the Fall of France in 1940 or Franklin Roosevelt as 'the wheelchair president'. Incisive and readable, written by a leading international historian, these essays encourage us to rethink our understanding of this momentous period in world history.
