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Longitudinal Distribution Patterns And Habitat Associations Of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch In Tributaries Of The Little Susitna River Alaska
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Book Synopsis Longitudinal Distribution Patterns and Habitat Associations of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Tributaries of the Little Susitna River, Alaska by : Kevin Michael Foley
Download or read book Longitudinal Distribution Patterns and Habitat Associations of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Tributaries of the Little Susitna River, Alaska written by Kevin Michael Foley and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how headwater streams function as rearing habitats for juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch is essential for effective population management and conservation. To inform habitat restoration activities within the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Alaska, I determined upstream distribution limits, validated abundance estimates, and established fish habitat relationships in two headwater stream tributaries of the Little Susitna River in 2010-11. Using a low-effort, spatially continuous sampling approach and linear mixed-effects models, I related local- and landscape-scale habitat associations to abundance estimates. All-aged coho salmon composed approximately 98% of all fish sampled and inhabited the entire stream length to their upstream limits. Age-1+ fish resided in 64% and 44% of the stream length for the two sampled streams. The mean upstream elevation limit for all-aged fish in these streams was 278m and 267m. For age- 1+ fish, the upstream elevation limit in the two streams was 275m and 238m. Percent slope at the distribution limit of all-aged fish was consistent across streams at 5%, whereas percent slope for age-1+ fish correspond to 4% and 6%. Elevation and percent slope consistently described upstream distribution limits among age classes. Therefore, we must consider these landscape features when prioritizing restoration projects in headwater streams.
Book Synopsis Spawning Site Selection of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Susitna River Tributaries, Alaska by : Betsy W. McCracken
Download or read book Spawning Site Selection of Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Susitna River Tributaries, Alaska written by Betsy W. McCracken and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch are the most widely distributed Pacific salmon species across Alaska. The lack of knowledge surrounding the habitat requirements of this species results in challenges for conservation and management due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. Tributaries of the Susitna River drainage in Alaska support many small and distinct Coho Salmon populations. Heterogeneity of in-stream spawning habitat is an ecological concept known to promote resiliency of salmonid populations. The goal of this study was to investigate the best habitat predictors of spawning site selection and the scale by which spawning habitat should be evaluated for management insights. Scale is particularly important when measuring, assessing, and predicting potential impacts to species from development activities because habitat research at the stream rather than the reach scale can overestimate the amount of available spawning habitat. I investigated a suite of field-measured stream habitat variables paired with empirical Coho Salmon spawning survey data in five tributaries during 2013 and 2014. Physical data was defined as biotic and abiotic surroundings of an organism or population that have an influence on survival, development, and evolution. Mixed-effects modeling results indicated that Coho Salmon spawning-site selection was positively related to gravel substrate and the presence of groundwater flux, and that spawning Coho Salmon avoided cobble substrate. Physical data were analyzed at both the stream and reach scales, and mixed-effects modeling results further concluded that variation in spawning activity at the reach scale (variance = 1.34, SD = 1.16) accounted for more variability and was more predictive than at the stream scale(variance = 0.04, SD = 0.19). This is important because fish habitat-associations identified at the reach scale were not identified at the stream scale. These results highlight the need for multi-scale habitat data collections and analyses to identify the most meaningful fish-habitat associations.
Book Synopsis A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry by :
Download or read book A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) rely on unique habitats during the winter season, which may dictate how much individuals may growth and when migration from freshwater rearing habitat to the ocean occurs. Here I analyze movement timing and growth patterns for coho salmon through a field-based study and a literature review. For the field portion, I examined hatchery-stocked juvenile coho salmon across four stream basins in the Russian River watershed, California to determine the relative importance of climate, landscape, and fish size metrics in predicting movement and growth patterns over a winter rearing and spring smolt outmigration time period (December 2014-June 2015). I observed three unique movement strategies: winter parr movement, spring smolt movement, and inter-tributary movement. Movement was predicted in relation to daily temperature and precipitation, followed by in-stream and upslope basin conditions in random forest modeling. Specifically, fish that moved later were associated with basins that contained higher productivity and low-gradient floodplain habitats, while fish that moved earlier came from streams that lacked invertebrate prey and had limited low-gradient rearing habitat. Fish size and timing of movement were the primary predictors of growth, with relatively larger fish in the spring growing faster than fish that were relatively smaller prior to winter. These relationships suggest that hatchery-release fish are still highly influenced by environmental conditions once released, especially in terms of initial seasonal movement, and that watershed conditions should be considered when utilizing hatchery-rearing programs to supplement wild fish populations. In North America, coho salmon populations are distributed from Alaska through California, and may exhibit unique movement and growth patterns in relationship to population-scale vulnerability (Endangered Species Act listing), basin area, and availability and types of rearing habitat. For the second part of my thesis, I conducted a literature review to assess what factors are commonly considered in predicting movement and growth patterns for these fish, as well as the types (season and life stage) and number of movement strategies reported. Eighteen studies were summarized, of which sixteen identified unique movement strategies, ranging from one to four. Despite a wide range of basin areas and latitudes, winter parr and spring smolt movements were commonly observed, with authors primarily relating these behaviors to in-stream habitat and fish size metrics. Additionally, growth was linked positively and primarily with off-channel winter rearing, which may outweigh the importance of fish size in predicting growth when high quality rearing habitats are available during the winter season. Recognizing movement timing diversity and its drivers can help recover threatened coho salmon populations. More widely distributed populations may have unique phenotypic expressions based on localized genetic and environmental interactions, increasing diversity and overall stability across the population, a concept known as the portfolio effect. Understanding fish-habitat relationships can aid recovery efforts by providing a framework of climatic and watershed conditions that support unique behaviors, even in already severely limited populations.
Book Synopsis Identification of Physical Habitats Limiting the Production of Coho Salmon in Western Oregon and Washington by : Gordon H. Reeves
Download or read book Identification of Physical Habitats Limiting the Production of Coho Salmon in Western Oregon and Washington written by Gordon H. Reeves and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Abundance, Size, Habitat Utilization, and Intrastream Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon in a Small Southeast Alaskan Stream by : Roger Dean Harding
Download or read book Abundance, Size, Habitat Utilization, and Intrastream Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon in a Small Southeast Alaskan Stream written by Roger Dean Harding and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Habitat Suitability Index Models by : Thomas E. McMahon
Download or read book Habitat Suitability Index Models written by Thomas E. McMahon and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Protocol Using Coho Salmon to Monitor Tongass National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Standards and Guidelines for Fish Habitat by : Mason D. Bryant
Download or read book A Protocol Using Coho Salmon to Monitor Tongass National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Standards and Guidelines for Fish Habitat written by Mason D. Bryant and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe a protocol to monitor the effectiveness of the Tongass Land Management Plan (TLMP) management standards for maintaining fish habitat. The protocol uses juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in small tributary streams in forested watersheds. We used a 3-year pilot study to develop detailed methods to estimate juvenile salmonid populations, measure habitat, and quantitatively determine trends in juvenile coho salmon abundance over 10 years. Coho salmon have been shown to be sensitive to habitat alterations, and we use coho salmon parr as the primary indicator in the protocol. A priori criteria for type I and type II error rates, effect size, and sample sizes for the protocol were derived with estimates of variance computed from the 3-year pilot study. The protocol is designed to detect trends in abundance of coho salmon parr, as well as coho salmon fry and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), in small streams managed according to TLMP standards and guidelines and to compare these to trends in unmanaged (old-growth) watersheds. Trends are adjusted to account for statistically significant habitat covariates. This information provides an important element in monitoring land management practices in the Tongass National Forest. The methods we describe may have application to monitoring protocols elsewhere for fish populations and land management practices.
Book Synopsis Effects of Logging on Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon by : Paul M. Iwanaga
Download or read book Effects of Logging on Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon written by Paul M. Iwanaga and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Rapid Assessment Method to Estimate the Distribution of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) in an Interior Alaska River Basin by : Allison N. Matter
Download or read book A Rapid Assessment Method to Estimate the Distribution of Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) in an Interior Alaska River Basin written by Allison N. Matter and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identification and protection of water bodies used by anadromous species in Alaska are critical in light of increasing threats to fish populations, yet challenging given budgetary and logistical limitations. Non-invasive, rapid assessment sampling techniques may reduce costs and effort while increasing species detection efficiencies. I used an intrinsic potential (IP) habitat model to identify high quality Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha rearing habitats and select sites to sample throughout the Chena River basin for juvenile occupancy using environmental DNA (eDNA) and distribution within tributaries using snorkel surveys. Water samples were collected from 75 tributary sites in 2014 and 2015. The presence of Chinook Salmon DNA in water samples was assessed using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay targeting that species. Snorkel surveys were conducted and physical habitat was measured for a subset of tributaries examined with the eDNA approach. Juvenile salmon were counted within 50 m reaches starting at the tributary confluence and continuing upstream until no juvenile salmon were observed. The IP model predicted over 900 stream km in the basin to support high quality (IP ≥ 0.75) rearing habitat. Occupancy estimation based on eDNA samples indicated that 80.2% (± 4.3 SE) of previously unsampled sites classified as high IP and 56.4% of previously unsampled sites classified as low IP were occupied. The probability of detection of Chinook Salmon DNA from three replicate water samples was high (0.76 ± 1.9 SE) but varied with drainage area. A power analysis indicated power to detect proportional changes in occupancy based on parameter values estimated from eDNA occupancy models. Results of snorkel surveys showed that the upper extent of juvenile Chinook Salmon within tributaries was from 200 to 1,350 m upstream of tributary confluences. Occurrence estimates based on eDNA and snorkel surveys generally agreed, but care should be taken to ensure that little temporal gap exists between samples as juvenile salmon use of tributary habitats is likely often intermittent. Overall, the combination of IP habitat modeling, occupancy estimation based on eDNA, and snorkel surveys provided a useful, rapid-assessment method to predict and subsequently quantify the distribution of juvenile salmon in previously unsampled tributary habitats. These methods will provide tools for managers to rapidly and efficiently map critical rearing habitats and prioritize sampling efforts to expand the known distribution of juvenile salmon in interior Alaska streams.
Book Synopsis Scale Patterns Indicate Changes in Use of Rearing Habitat by Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, from 1955 to 1984 in the Tenmile Lakes, Oregon by : Hugrún Gunnarsdóttir
Download or read book Scale Patterns Indicate Changes in Use of Rearing Habitat by Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, from 1955 to 1984 in the Tenmile Lakes, Oregon written by Hugrún Gunnarsdóttir and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was designed to provide information about the juvenile life history of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in the Tenmile Lakes in Oregon by 1) classifying scales of spawning fish and outgoing smolts (1+), 2) assessing the contribution of juvenile life history types to the returns of adults (32) and jacks (22), and 3) comparing growth rates and survival of different types. Scales of outmigrating smolts from one brood year, jacks from two brood years, and scales of adults from four brood years were classified into juvenile life histories and examined for several scale characters. A linear discriminant function analysis was used to show the separation of the types and to determine the most distinguishing scale characters. Length of smolts at ocean entry back-calculated from scales of jacks and adults was compared with the length of the observed group of emigrating smolts. Based on variation in numbers and spacing of circuli and the size of the freshwater scale zone, believed to represent different residence time in the tributaries and the lakes, four types of juvenile life histories were defined. Fish classified as type 1, stream-reared, are believed to have reared in the tributaries until migrating as smolts in the following year. Type 2, stream-lake-reared, fish are thought to have reared in the tributaries for almost a year but then moved down to the lakes, where rearing continued until smolt migration in spring. Type 3, stream-lake- reared, are believed to have reared for a short time in the tributaries, then moved down to the lakes sometime in their first year of life. Rearing continued in the lakes until spring of the following year. Type 4, lake-reared, are thought to have moved down to the lakes shortly after emergence from the gravel, where they reared until migrating as smolts in the following spring. Scales of smolts, jacks, and adults were sorted into these four types. Presently, coho salmon fry and yearlings appear to be moving out of tributaries in late spring and from March to beginning of May, respectively. Migration of smolts out of the lake system to the ocean occurs mostly within the month of May. Recent habitat surveys show that dramatic seasonal changes occur in use of rearing habitat by juvenile coho salmon in the Tenmile Lakes tributaries from summer to winter. In winter juveniles appear to be using more low gradient, low velocity, off-channel areas than in summer. Fish of type 4 represented 90%, 43%, and 74% of the returns of adults in 1957- 58, 1963-64, and 1971-72, respectively, and 90% of the returns of jacks in 1962-63 and 1970-71. However, no type 4 fish was represented in the returns of adults in 1985-86, whereas type 1 fish represented 89% of the returns. Type 4 appeared to have grown better in fresh water, reached a larger size at outmigration, and have a greater relative survival than fish of type 2, when compared among the observed group of smolts, returning jacks, and adults. The large proportion of the escapement returning as jacks for some of the years may indicate good growing condition for juvenile coho salmon in fresh water. According to the classification of jack scales a large proportion of fish returning as jacks were lake-reared and were found to be larger at migration to ocean than fish returning as adults. This may suggest that fish that reared well in the lakes and reached a large size at outmigration had the tendency to mature early and return as jacks. Based on the analysis of scales, lake-reared juvenile coho salmon formerly contributed well to adult returns. The former high returns of jacks and adults reflect the importance of the lake habitat for the coho salmon populations of this system. In order to enhance this stock to a higher level, management strategies should be focused on making the lake habitat available to juvenile coho salmon for at least some part of their freshwater life.
Book Synopsis Creel and Escapement Statistics for Coho Salmon on the Little Susitna River, Alaska, During 1990 by : Larry Bartlett
Download or read book Creel and Escapement Statistics for Coho Salmon on the Little Susitna River, Alaska, During 1990 written by Larry Bartlett and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) returns to the Little Susitna River (flowing into Cook Inlet in southern Alaska) were assessed with a creel survey to estimate sport harvest and a weir to estimate spawning escapement.
Book Synopsis Recolonization Potential for Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Tributaries to the Klamath River After Dam Removal by : Max M. Ramos
Download or read book Recolonization Potential for Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Tributaries to the Klamath River After Dam Removal written by Max M. Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Removal of four major dams on the Klamath River is scheduled to begin in 2023, restoring access to greater than 50 km of historic mainstem habitat for coho salmon. However, mainstem habitat may not be suitable for juvenile coho salmon due to elevated water temperatures and high concentrations of infectious myxospores in the summer and fast water velocities in the winter. Small, cooler tributaries can provide essential habitat for escape from deleterious conditions in the mainstem Klamath River. I used temperature and other physical features of six tributaries to the Klamath River above Iron Gate Dam to assess their capacity to support juvenile coho salmon following dam removal. I applied the Habitat Limiting Factors and Intrinsic Potential models to tributaries above Iron Gate Dam to estimate potential capacity. I also developed an occupancy model using data from reference tributaries below the dam and from other nearby watersheds to estimate the potential distribution of juvenile coho salmon in tributaries above Iron Gate Dam. I found that the six newly accessible tributary streams will provide greater than 26 km of accessible rearing habitat. Most streams had summer temperature suitable for coho salmon, with maximum weekly maximum and maximum weekly average temperatures ranging from 13.2 °C to 24.0°C and 12.0 °C to 20.7 °C respectively. The Habitat Limit Factors model estimated that the streams could support up to 105,000 juvenile coho salmon in the summer, with most of this capacity (66,300 individuals) in Spencer Creek (note that predicted capacity is not a prediction of actual production following dam removal). Four out of the six streams exhibited high intrinsic potential, particularly near their confluences with the Klamath River. In reference streams, coho salmon occupancy ranged from 0.41-0.44 of available habitat. I found that the probability of summertime occupancy by juvenile coho salmon was positively correlated with percent instream cover, surface area, and nearby coho salmon hatchery production. Applying these relationships to the study streams, Scotch, Jenny, Fall, Shovel, and Spencer creeks exhibited 0.48, 0.50, 0.53, 0.46, and 0.61 mean occupancy probability respectively. I also found that Scotch, Jenny, Fall, Shovel, and Spencer creeks contained 26%, 2%, 7%, 2%, and 46% by surface area of suitable spawning gravels for adult coho salmon. Based on model predictions and a large quantity of suitable habitat for coho salmon habitat, Spencer Creek should be prioritized for restoration and protection. While Spencer Creek contains a large quantity of suitable habitat for coho salmon, I identified limited spawning and rearing habitat in Jenny, Fall, and Shovel creeks suggesting a need for habitat restoration.
Book Synopsis Habitat Selection in Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, the Effects of Intraspecific Competition and Predation Risk by :
Download or read book Habitat Selection in Juvenile Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus Kisutch, the Effects of Intraspecific Competition and Predation Risk written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper and Middle/lower Susitna River (Studies 9.5 and 9.6), Draft Chinook and Coho Salmon Identification Protocol by :
Download or read book Fish Distribution and Abundance in the Upper and Middle/lower Susitna River (Studies 9.5 and 9.6), Draft Chinook and Coho Salmon Identification Protocol written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the need for standarizing sampling techniques used to collect data for phenotype variation in juvenile chinook and coho salmon as part of studies for the Susitna-Watana Hydroelectric Project.
Book Synopsis Little Susitna River Juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon Study, 1979 by : Kevin J. Delaney
Download or read book Little Susitna River Juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon Study, 1979 written by Kevin J. Delaney and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Habitat Characteristics on Abundance and Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Constructed Habitats in the Middle Klamath River Basin by : Michelle R. Krall
Download or read book The Influence of Habitat Characteristics on Abundance and Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Constructed Habitats in the Middle Klamath River Basin written by Michelle R. Krall and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantial investment has been directed toward construction of off-channel ponds in the middle Klamath River basin to benefit Coho Salmon populations. Previous research showed that abundance, retention, and growth of juvenile Coho Salmon varied across sites but were not consistently different between constructed ponds and natural habitats; instead, variation was attributed to individual site characteristics. However, the characteristics responsible for these differences are not clear. In this exploratory study, I investigated the effect of accessibility on juvenile Coho Salmon abundance within nine constructed ponds. I also assessed whether habitat conditions, Coho Salmon density, and food availability within the ponds could predict abundance, retention, and growth of Coho Salmon. Few strong relationships were found between characteristics of ponds and the response variables. Despite potentially stressful conditions at some sites, Coho Salmon occupied most ponds through the summer, suggesting that they provide suitable rearing habitats. Lack of accessibility throughout the year had potentially important effects on the survival and life history of individuals trapped in constructed ponds. Retention rates were strongly correlated with zooplankton availability, while Coho Salmon density and available benthic prey displayed little correlation with retention. While growth rate differed among ponds; while measures of prey availability did not explain variation in growth rate, growth rate was negatively correlated with Coho Salmon density in the ponds. Constructed off-channel ponds serve as important rearing habitat for Coho Salmon and an increased understanding of their role in Coho Salmon rearing and production is necessary.
Book Synopsis Over-winter Survival and Habitat Use of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Lake Superior Tributaries by : John E. Ford
Download or read book Over-winter Survival and Habitat Use of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) in Lake Superior Tributaries written by John E. Ford and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
