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Long Term Effects Of The 1959 1961 China Famine
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Book Synopsis Long-term Effects of the 1959-1961 China Famine by : Douglas Almond
Download or read book Long-term Effects of the 1959-1961 China Famine written by Douglas Almond and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper estimates the effects of maternal malnutrition exploiting the 1959-1961 Chinese famine as a natural experiment. In the 1% sample of the 2000 Chinese Census, we find that fetal exposure to acute maternal malnutrition had compromised a range of socioeconomic outcomes, including: literacy, labor market status, wealth and marriage market outcomes. Women married spouses with less education and later, as did men, if at all. In addition, maternal malnutrition reduced the sex ratio (males to females) in two generations -- those prenatally exposed and their children -- presumably through heightened male mortality. This tendency toward female offspring is interpretable in light of the Trivers-Willard (1973) hypothesis, according to which parents in poor condition should skew the offspring sex ratio toward daughters. Hong Kong natality micro data from 1984-2004 further confirm this pattern of female offspring among mainland-born residents exposed to malnutrition in utero.
Book Synopsis The Long Term Health and Economic Consequences of 1959-1961 Famine in China by : Yuyu Chen
Download or read book The Long Term Health and Economic Consequences of 1959-1961 Famine in China written by Yuyu Chen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's 1959-1961 famine caused about 15-30 million excess death tolls, standing out as the worst in human history. Despite the striking severity of the catastrophe, little is known about its long-term effects. This paper, using a unique individual level dataset, tries to quantify the long-term effects of the famine on the health and economic status of the survivors. While the main approach adopted by many previous studies relies on the variations in the exposure to the famine by different cohorts, we construct a difference-in-difference estimator by using the variations in the exposure of famine both across regions and across cohorts. Chinese institutional context in the famine period greatly alleviates the potential problems concerning endogenous response to famine and sample selection bias. We find that the great famine in 1959-61 caused serious health and economic consequences for the survivors, especially for those who were in early childhood during the famine. Our estimates show that on average, in the absence of the famine, individuals of 1959 birth cohort would have otherwise grown 3.35 cm taller, and have nearly 28% of increase in total labor supply and 38% of increase in per capita agrarian income. We also find that the famine created a larger sustained effect on boys than girls in terms of height attainment.
Book Synopsis The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia by : Takatoshi Ito
Download or read book The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia written by Takatoshi Ito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies show that almost all industrial countries have experienced dramatic decreases in both fertility and mortality rates. This situation has led to aging societies with economies that suffer from both a decline in the working population and a rise in fiscal deficits linked to increased government spending. East Asia exemplifies these trends, and this volume offers an in-depth look at how long-term demographic transitions have taken shape there and how they have affected the economy in the region. The Economic Consequences of Demographic Change in East Asia assembles a group of experts to explore such topics as comparative demographic change, population aging, the rising cost of health care, and specific policy concerns in individual countries. The volume provides an overview of economic growth in East Asia as well as more specific studies on Japan, Korea, China, and Hong Kong. Offering important insights into the causes and consequences of this transition, this book will benefit students, researchers, and policy makers focused on East Asia as well as anyone concerned with similar trends elsewhere in the world.
Book Synopsis The Great Famine in China, 1958-1962 by : Xun Zhou
Download or read book The Great Famine in China, 1958-1962 written by Xun Zhou and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on previously closed archives that have since been made inaccessible again, this volume contains the most crucial primary documents concerning the fate of the Chinese peasantry between 1957 and 1962, covering everything from cannibalism and selective killing to mass murder.
Book Synopsis A Social History of Maoist China by : Felix Wemheuer
Download or read book A Social History of Maoist China written by Felix Wemheuer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new social history of Maoist China provides an accessible view of the complex and tumultuous period when China came under Communist rule.
Book Synopsis Mao's Great Famine by : Frank Dikötter
Download or read book Mao's Great Famine written by Frank Dikötter and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Samuel Johnson Prize An unprecedented, groundbreaking history of China's Great Famine that recasts the era of Mao Zedong and the history of the People's Republic of China. "Between 1958 and 1962, China descended into hell. Mao Zedong threw his country into a frenzy with the Great Leap Forward, an attempt to catch up to and overtake Britain in less than 15 years The experiment ended in the greatest catastrophe the country had ever known, destroying tens of millions of lives." So opens Frank Dikötter's riveting, magnificently detailed chronicle of an era in Chinese history much speculated about but never before fully documented because access to Communist Party archives has long been restricted to all but the most trusted historians. A new archive law has opened up thousands of central and provincial documents that "fundamentally change the way one can study the Maoist era." Dikötter makes clear, as nobody has before, that far from being the program that would lift the country among the world's superpowers and prove the power of Communism, as Mao imagined, the Great Leap Forward transformed the country in the other direction. It became the site not only of "one of the most deadly mass killings of human history,"--at least 45 million people were worked, starved, or beaten to death--but also of "the greatest demolition of real estate in human history," as up to one-third of all housing was turned into rubble). The experiment was a catastrophe for the natural world as well, as the land was savaged in the maniacal pursuit of steel and other industrial accomplishments. In a powerful mesghing of exhaustive research in Chinese archives and narrative drive, Dikötter for the first time links up what happened in the corridors of power-the vicious backstabbing and bullying tactics that took place among party leaders-with the everyday experiences of ordinary people, giving voice to the dead and disenfranchised. His magisterial account recasts the history of the People's Republic of China.
Download or read book Tombstone written by Yang Jisheng and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An account of the famine that killed roughly thirty-six million Chinese during the Great Leap Forward examines how the communist ideologies and collectivization campaigns perpetuated by the country's leaders caused the catastrophe.
Book Synopsis The Long-Term Health Effects of Fetal Malnutrition by : Seonghoon Kim
Download or read book The Long-Term Health Effects of Fetal Malnutrition written by Seonghoon Kim and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report evidence of long-term adverse health impacts of in utero exposure to malnutrition based on survivors in their 50s who were born during the China Famine that occurred in the years 1959-1961. We take advantage of recently available data provided by the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) to corroborate evidence supporting the Fetal Origin Hypothesis.We find that fetal exposure to malnutrition has large and long-lasting impacts on both physical health and cognitive abilities, including the risks of suffering a stroke, physical disabilities in speech, walking and vision, and measures of mental acuity. Our findings on the health impacts of fetal malnutrition on middle-age survivors suggest that it would be desirable to trace the changes of health status of the famine survivors as they age into later life stages. We suspect that such further study would support the lifetime benefits of in utero and early infancy health interventions that extend through the life cycle in the form of avoiding both physical and mental impairment.
Download or read book Hungry Ghosts written by C J Barker and published by Book Guild Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-28 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lives of Vic Woods and Ruth Wolfe, working-class teenagers from Liverpool and London, are profoundly disrupted by the arrival of World War II. Ruth’s journey leads her to aerial photographic interpretation, though her aspirations for advancement are denied, while Vic’s wartime experiences with bomber command haunt him long after the war is over. Their post-war marriage and tumultuous relationship with their son, James, make for a gripping narrative of trauma, conflict and, ultimately, love. Set against the backdrop of World War II and the social upheaval of the late 1960s, Hungry Ghosts transports readers into the drama of two pivotal eras in history, exploring the intergenerational impact of war, particularly on the intricate relationships between fathers and sons. Hungry Ghosts is not just a war story; it’s a timeless exploration of family bonds and the indelible scars left by war.
Book Synopsis Mao's Great Famine by : Frank Dikotter
Download or read book Mao's Great Famine written by Frank Dikotter and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1958 and 1962, 45 million Chinese people were worked, starved or beaten to death. Mao Zedong threw his country into a frenzy with the Great Leap Forward. It lead to one of the greatest catastrophes the world has ever known.
Book Synopsis Famine in China, 1959-61 by : Penny Kane
Download or read book Famine in China, 1959-61 written by Penny Kane and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrition and Poverty by : Siddiqur Rahman Osmani
Download or read book Nutrition and Poverty written by Siddiqur Rahman Osmani and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with an ongoing debate relating to the definition and measurement of nutritional status. It focuses on the problems of measuring undernutrition and its links with poverty, both as a cause and an effect.
Book Synopsis Essays on the Long-run Impacts of the Great Chinese Famine on Human Capital by : Shu Zhang
Download or read book Essays on the Long-run Impacts of the Great Chinese Famine on Human Capital written by Shu Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays. In the first essay, I study the long run effect of the Chinese famine on gender difference using a new and high-quality dataset-2004 MEDOW. By comparing the health and education outcomes of pre-famine (1956-1958), famine (1959-1961) and post-famine (1963-1965) cohorts, I find that the long run impact of famine is not gender neutral. Exposure to famine in utero and in early childhood significantly reduces height and years of schooling for adult women, but not for adult men. Thus, famine significantly increases the gender gap. The greater harm of famine for females could be due to son preference or mortality selection, and to disentangle these two effects I use two alternative measures of son preference in ethnic groups. I find that in ethnic groups without strong son preference, the health outcomes for the female famine cohort is relatively better. Although the mortality selection due to the fragile male phenomenon is the main force of the widening gender gap, son preference also appears to play a role. In the second essay, I use the sharp timing of the Great Chinese Famine (1959-1961) to explore the intergenerational transmission of health and education. First, by comparing the health status and education outcomes between children of mothers born before the famine (1956-1958) or during the famine (1959-1961) and children of mothers born after the famine (1963-1965), I find that children of famine-affected women are more likely to be overweight or obese, and are less likely to be underweight. These effects are stronger for children of mothers born in high famine-severity provinces. Second, children of famine-affected women are less educated and have a lower probability of entering middle school. Third, the famine exposure had no significant impact on females' likelihood of marriage, fertility decisions and fertility rate, though it does impact husband's characteristics. In the third essay (with Elaine M. Liu), we conduct a meta-analysis to investigate how changes over time and model specifications could contribute to the differences in estimates of returns to education in China. The results show that approximately 10 percent of the variation can be explained by changes in labor market. Since the reform in 1978, returns to education have increased approximately 0.2 percentage points a year. This increasing trend has reached a stop when the global recession hit China in 2008. We find that returns to education for migrant workers are 2.3 percentage points lower than that of urban workers.
Book Synopsis Food Availability, Entitlements and the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961 by : Justin Yifu Lin
Download or read book Food Availability, Entitlements and the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961 written by Justin Yifu Lin and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fighting Famine in North China by : Lillian M. Li
Download or read book Fighting Famine in North China written by Lillian M. Li and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monumental work provides a new perspective on the historical significance of famines in China over the past three hundred years. It examines the relationship between the interventionist state policies of the eighteenth-century Qing emperors (“the golden age of famine relief”), the environmental and political crises of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (when China was called “the Land of Famine”), and the ambitions of the Mao era (which tragically led to the greatest famine in human history). In addition to a wide array of documentary sources, the book employs quantitative analysis to measure the economic impact of natural crises, state policies, and markets. In this way, the theories of Qing statesmen that have received much attention in recent scholarship are linked to actual practices and outcomes. Using the Zhili-Hebei region as its focus, the book also reveals the unusual role played by the institutions and policies designed to ensure food security for the capital, Beijing.
Book Synopsis Development Centre Studies Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run by : Maddison Angus
Download or read book Development Centre Studies Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run written by Maddison Angus and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1998-09-25 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study provides a major reassessment of the scale and scope of China’s resurgence over the past half century, employing quantitative measurement techniques which are standard practice in OECD countries, but which have not hitherto been available for China.
Book Synopsis Decisive Encounters by : Odd Arne Westad
Download or read book Decisive Encounters written by Odd Arne Westad and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Though the book highlights the military aspects of the war, it also shows how these took place alongside profound changes in Chinese politics, society, and culture - changes that ultimately contributed as much to the character of today's China as did the major battles. By analyzing the war as an international and not simply a domestic conflict, the author explains why so much of the present legitimacy of the Beijing government derives from its successes during the late 1940s, and reveals how the antagonism between China and the United States, so important to current international affairs, was born."--BOOK JACKET.
