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Logical Methods
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Download or read book Logical Methods written by Roger Antonsen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many believe mathematics is only about calculations, formulas, numbers, and strange letters. But mathematics is much more than just crunching numbers or manipulating symbols. Mathematics is about discovering patterns, uncovering hidden structures, finding counterexamples, and thinking logically. Mathematics is a way of thinking. It is an activity that is both highly creative and challenging. This book offers an introduction to mathematical reasoning for beginning university or college students, providing a solid foundation for further study in mathematics, computer science, and related disciplines. Written in a manner that directly conveys the sense of excitement and discovery at the heart of doing science, its 25 short and visually appealing chapters cover the basics of set theory, logic, proof methods, combinatorics, graph theory, and much more. In the book you will, among other things, find answers to: What is a proof? What is a counterexample? What does it mean to say that something follows logically from a set of premises? What does it mean to abstract over something? How can knowledge and information be represented and used in calculations? What is the connection between Morse code and Fibonacci numbers? Why could it take billions of years to solve Hanoi's Tower? Logical Methods is especially appropriate for students encountering such concepts for the very first time. Designed to ease the transition to a university or college level study of mathematics or computer science, it also provides an accessible and fascinating gateway to logical thinking for students of all disciplines.
Book Synopsis White Logic, White Methods by : Tukufu Zuberi
Download or read book White Logic, White Methods written by Tukufu Zuberi and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how the racial lenses of the social sciences and the subscription of social scientists to whites' racial common sense have limited their understanding of racial matters and handicapped their capacity to appreciate the significance of the "race effect" (they call it the "racial stratification effect"). With an assemblage of leading scholars, White Logic, White Methods explores the possibilities and necessary dethroning of current social research practices, and demands a complete overhaul of current methods, towards a multicultural and pluralist approach to what we know, think, and question. Readers in various social sciences will find useful the chapters in the collection, but all will agree that the introductory and concluding chapters to the volume (Towards a Definition of White Logic and White Methods, and Telling the Real Tale of the Hunt: Towards a Race Conscious Sociology of Racial Stratification) are likely to become classics in the field of racial and ethnic relations.
Book Synopsis Logical Methods by : John N. Crossley
Download or read book Logical Methods written by John N. Crossley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 829 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The twenty-six papers in this volume reflect the wide and still expanding range of Anil Nerode's work. A conference on Logical Methods was held in honor of Nerode's sixtieth birthday (4 June 1992) at the Mathematical Sciences Institute, Cornell University, 1-3 June 1992. Some of the conference papers are here, but others are from students, co-workers and other colleagues. The intention of the conference was to look forward, and to see the directions currently being pursued, in the development of work by, or with, Nerode. Here is a brief summary of the contents of this book. We give a retrospective view of Nerode's work. A number of specific areas are readily discerned: recursive equivalence types, recursive algebra and model theory, the theory of Turing degrees and r.e. sets, polynomial-time computability and computer science. Nerode began with automata theory and has also taken a keen interest in the history of mathematics. All these areas are represented. The one area missing is Nerode's applied mathematical work relating to the environment. Kozen's paper builds on Nerode's early work on automata. Recursive equivalence types are covered by Dekker and Barback, the latter using directly a fundamental metatheorem of Nerode. Recursive algebra is treated by Ge & Richards (group representations). Recursive model theory is the subject of papers by Hird, Moses, and Khoussainov & Dadajanov, while a combinatorial problem in recursive model theory is discussed in Cherlin & Martin's paper. Cenzer presents a paper on recursive dynamics.
Book Synopsis Methods of Logic by : Willard Van Orman Quine
Download or read book Methods of Logic written by Willard Van Orman Quine and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used textbook of modern formal logic now offers a number of new features. Incorporating updated notations, selective answers to exercises, expanded treatment of natural deduction, and new discussions of predicate-functor logic and the affinities between higher set theory and the elementary logic of terms, W. V. Quine's new edition will serve admirably for both classroom and independent use.
Book Synopsis A Logical Approach to Discrete Math by : David Gries
Download or read book A Logical Approach to Discrete Math written by David Gries and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, the authors strive to change the way logic and discrete math are taught in computer science and mathematics: while many books treat logic simply as another topic of study, this one is unique in its willingness to go one step further. The book traets logic as a basic tool which may be applied in essentially every other area.
Book Synopsis Logical Creative Thinking Methods by : Min Ding
Download or read book Logical Creative Thinking Methods written by Min Ding and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a new, systematic framework, this illuminating book turns ideation into a task anybody with sound logic and a determination to learn can do, and do well, by separating the process from the outcome. In a competitive marketplace, all firms must constantly innovate to create sustained shareholder value. The main roadblock in innovation is ideation: the identification of value-creating ideas, often seen as the work of innately creative people. This first-of-its-kind textbook demonstrates that anyone can ideate through specific logical processes that require no creativity when used, but generate valuable and creative outcomes. To help students master and apply these methods, the book is filled with innovation examples across many sectors that can be explained and recreated using a specific LCT method. The book also includes exercises that enable readers to practice applying each method to solve real life innovation challenges. Upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate students of innovation, creativity, and new product development will appreciate the demystification of ideation into a problem that can be solved by applying a series of rigorous, defined methods that can be followed without ambiguity.
Download or read book Logical Options written by John L. Bell and published by Broadview Press. This book was released on 2001-03-30 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logical Options introduces the extensions and alternatives to classical logic which are most discussed in the philosophical literature: many-sorted logic, second-order logic, modal logics, intuitionistic logic, three-valued logic, fuzzy logic, and free logic. Each logic is introduced with a brief description of some aspect of its philosophical significance, and wherever possible semantic and proof methods are employed to facilitate comparison of the various systems. The book is designed to be useful for philosophy students and professional philosophers who have learned some classical first-order logic and would like to learn about other logics important to their philosophical work.
Book Synopsis Logical Investigative Methods by : Robert J. Girod
Download or read book Logical Investigative Methods written by Robert J. Girod and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how to use logic, reasoning, critical thinking, and the scientific method to conduct and improve criminal and civil investigations. The author discusses how investigators and attorneys can avoid assumptions and false premises and instead make valid deductions, inductions, and inferences. He explains how tools such as interview and interrogation can be used to detect deception and profile unknown individuals and suspects. The book is aimed at improving not only the conduct of investigations, but also the logical use of cognitive, analytical, documentation, and presentation tools to win cases.
Book Synopsis American Methods by : Kristian Williams
Download or read book American Methods written by Kristian Williams and published by South End Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful indictment, American Methods is "not about Abu Ghraib; this is a book about the USA."
Book Synopsis Algebraic Methods in Philosophical Logic by : J. Michael Dunn
Download or read book Algebraic Methods in Philosophical Logic written by J. Michael Dunn and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2001-06-28 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive text demonstrates how various notions of logic can be viewed as notions of universal algebra. It is aimed primarily for logisticians in mathematics, philosophy, computer science and linguistics with an interest in algebraic logic, but is also accessible to those from a non-logistics background. It is suitable for researchers, graduates and advanced undergraduates who have an introductory knowledge of algebraic logic providing more advanced concepts, as well as more theoretical aspects. The main theme is that standard algebraic results (representations) translate into standard logical results (completeness). Other themes involve identification of a class of algebras appropriate for classical and non-classical logic studies, including: gaggles, distributoids, partial- gaggles, and tonoids. An imporatant sub title is that logic is fundamentally information based, with its main elements being propositions, that can be understood as sets of information states. Logics are considered in various senses e.g. systems of theorems, consequence relations and, symmetric consequence relations.
Book Synopsis Methods of Logic by : Willard Van Orman Quine
Download or read book Methods of Logic written by Willard Van Orman Quine and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wittgenstein on Logic as the Method of Philosophy by : Oskari Kuusela
Download or read book Wittgenstein on Logic as the Method of Philosophy written by Oskari Kuusela and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Wittgenstein on Logic as the Method of Philosophy, Oskari Kuusela examines Wittgenstein's early and late philosophies of logic, situating their philosophical significance in early and middle analytic philosophy with particular reference to Frege, Russell, Carnap, and Strawson. He argues that not only the early but also the later Wittgenstein sought to further develop the logical-philosophical approaches of his contemporaries. Throughout his career Wittgenstein's aim was to resolve problems with and address the limitations of Frege's and Russell's accounts of logic and their logical methodologies so as to achieve the philosophical progress that originally motivated the logical-philosophical approach. By re-examining the roots and development of analytic philosophy, Kuusela seeks to open up covered up paths for the further development of analytic philosophy. Offering a novel interpretation of the philosopher, he explains how Wittgenstein extends logical methodology beyond calculus-based logical methods and how his novel account of the status of logic enables one to do justice to the complexity and richness of language use and thought while retaining rigour and ideals of logic such as simplicity and exactness. In addition, this volume outlines the new kind of non-empiricist naturalism developed in Wittgenstein's later work and explaining how his account of logic can be used to dissolve the long-standing methodological dispute between the ideal and ordinary language schools of analytic philosophy. It is of interest to scholars, researchers, and advance students of philosophy interested in engaging with a number of scholarly debates.
Book Synopsis The Character and Logical Method of Political Economy by : J. E. Cairnes
Download or read book The Character and Logical Method of Political Economy written by J. E. Cairnes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-01-28 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of the original, first published in 1875.
Book Synopsis Optimization Methods for Logical Inference by : Vijay Chandru
Download or read book Optimization Methods for Logical Inference written by Vijay Chandru and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Merging logic and mathematics in deductive inference-an innovative, cutting-edge approach. Optimization methods for logical inference? Absolutely, say Vijay Chandru and John Hooker, two major contributors to this rapidly expanding field. And even though "solving logical inference problems with optimization methods may seem a bit like eating sauerkraut with chopsticks. . . it is the mathematical structure of a problem that determines whether an optimization model can help solve it, not the context in which the problem occurs." Presenting powerful, proven optimization techniques for logic inference problems, Chandru and Hooker show how optimization models can be used not only to solve problems in artificial intelligence and mathematical programming, but also have tremendous application in complex systems in general. They survey most of the recent research from the past decade in logic/optimization interfaces, incorporate some of their own results, and emphasize the types of logic most receptive to optimization methods-propositional logic, first order predicate logic, probabilistic and related logics, logics that combine evidence such as Dempster-Shafer theory, rule systems with confidence factors, and constraint logic programming systems. Requiring no background in logic and clearly explaining all topics from the ground up, Optimization Methods for Logical Inference is an invaluable guide for scientists and students in diverse fields, including operations research, computer science, artificial intelligence, decision support systems, and engineering.
Book Synopsis Complicated Methods of Logical Analysis Based on Simple Mathematics by : Boris Kulik
Download or read book Complicated Methods of Logical Analysis Based on Simple Mathematics written by Boris Kulik and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Those who want to understand logic, if they manage to pass at least an initial, though far from simple, modern course of study, eventually conclude that practically logic consists in formulating premises and a taken-from-nowhere assertion in an incomprehensible language and then proving or disproving cause-consequence links between them. Conversely, many topical tasks of logical analysis, such as forming and testing hypotheses, inferring consequences with predefined properties, and searching for, and analysis of, logical errors and inconsistencies in reasoning, among others, are outside the scope of this discourse. They are scattered haphazardly in works on theory of argumentation, non-classical logics, and artificial intelligence. This book demonstrates the capabilities of two relatively simple mathematical systems developed by the authors, namely E-structures and n-tuple algebra, which allow the modelling of various types of reasoning and solve the above and some other tasks of logical analysis.
Download or read book Logical Methods written by Greg Restall and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An accessible introduction to philosophical logic, suitable for undergraduate courses and above. Rigorous yet accessible, Logical Methods introduces logical tools used in philosophy—including proofs, models, modal logics, meta-theory, two-dimensional logics, and quantification—for philosophy students at the undergraduate level and above. The approach developed by Greg Restall and Shawn Standefer is distinct from other texts because it presents proof construction on equal footing with model building and emphasizes connections to other areas of philosophy as the tools are developed. Throughout, the material draws on a broad range of examples to show readers how to develop and master tools of proofs and models for propositional, modal, and predicate logic; to construct and analyze arguments and to find their structure; to build counterexamples; to understand the broad sweep of formal logic’s development in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries; and to grasp key concepts used again and again in philosophy. This text is essential to philosophy curricula, regardless of specialization, and will also find wide use in mathematics and computer science programs. Features: An accessible introduction to proof theory for readers with no background in logic Covers proofs, models, modal logics, meta-theory, two-dimensional logics, quantification, and many other topics Provides tools and techniques of particular interest to philosophers and philosophical logicians Features short summaries of key concepts and skills at the end of each chapter Offers chapter-by-chapter exercises in two categories: basic, designed to reinforce important ideas; and challenge, designed to push students’ understanding and developing skills in new directions
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Practical Formal Methods Using Temporal Logic by : Michael Fisher
Download or read book An Introduction to Practical Formal Methods Using Temporal Logic written by Michael Fisher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-16 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The name "temporal logic" may sound complex and daunting; but while they describe potentially complex scenarios, temporal logics are often based on a few simple, and fundamental, concepts - highlighted in this book. An Introduction to Practical Formal Methods Using Temporal Logic provides an introduction to formal methods based on temporal logic, for developing and testing complex computational systems. These methods are supported by many well-developed tools, techniques and results that can be applied to a wide range of systems. Fisher begins with a full introduction to the subject, covering the basics of temporal logic and using a variety of examples, exercises and pointers to more advanced work to help clarify and illustrate the topics discussed. He goes on to describe how this logic can be used to specify a variety of computational systems, looking at issues of linking specifications, concurrency, communication and composition ability. He then analyses temporal specification techniques such as deductive verification, algorithmic verification, and direct execution to develop and verify computational systems. The final chapter on case studies analyses the potential problems that can occur in a range of engineering applications in the areas of robotics, railway signalling, hardware design, ubiquitous computing, intelligent agents, and information security, and explains how temporal logic can improve their accuracy and reliability. Models temporal notions and uses them to analyze computational systems Provides a broad approach to temporal logic across many formal methods - including specification, verification and implementation Introduces and explains freely available tools based on temporal logics and shows how these can be applied Presents exercises and pointers to further study in each chapter, as well as an accompanying website providing links to additional systems based upon temporal logic as well as additional material related to the book.
