Local Adaptation and Its Genetic Basis in Arabidopsis Lyrata

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ISBN 13 : 9789514296765
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Adaptation and Its Genetic Basis in Arabidopsis Lyrata by : Päivi Leinonen

Download or read book Local Adaptation and Its Genetic Basis in Arabidopsis Lyrata written by Päivi Leinonen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Local adaptation is important evolutionary process leading to adaptive population differentiation. Currently, examining its genetic basis is a major goal of evolutionary and ecological genetics. In my thesis I studied local adaptation and its genetic basis in populations of a perennial outcrossing model plant Arabidopsis lyrata by combining common garden experiments at the native field sites and in controlled conditions with quantitative trait locus mapping. Estimates of fitness in the field both at the level of multiple components as well as hierarchical total fitness showed that populations of A. lyrata were locally adapted. The studied populations were also phenotypically differentiated in ecologically relevant traits. Different components of fitness were important for the advantage of the locals depending on the environment. Local alleles were associated with high fitness in the field, suggesting that differing directional selection pressures have been involved in phenotypic differentiation. Mostly different genomic regions governed local adaptation in different environments, but the results also suggested that some of these regions could involve rarely documented fitness tradeoffs (antagonistic pleiotropy). Loci governing flowering time differentiation differed between the studied environments, highlighting the need to conduct experiments both in the wild and in controlled conditions. In contrast to most existing studies, F2 hybrids in general had surprisingly high fitness at one study site, largely due to beneficial dominance effects at loci governing survival in that environment. In addition to nuclear genes, cytoplasmic genomes also were found to have a role in local adaptation"--Abstract page.

Ecological Genomics

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400773471
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Genomics by : Christian R. Landry

Download or read book Ecological Genomics written by Christian R. Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-25 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in the field of ecological genomics aim to determine how a genome or a population of genomes interacts with its environment across ecological and evolutionary timescales. Ecological genomics is trans-disciplinary by nature. Ecologists have turned to genomics to be able to elucidate the mechanistic bases of the biodiversity their research tries to understand. Genomicists have turned to ecology in order to better explain the functional cellular and molecular variation they observed in their model organisms. We provide an advanced-level book that covers this recent research and proposes future development for this field. A synthesis of the field of ecological genomics emerges from this volume. Ecological Genomics covers a wide array of organisms (microbes, plants and animals) in order to be able to identify central concepts that motivate and derive from recent investigations in different branches of the tree of life. Ecological Genomics covers 3 fields of research that have most benefited from the recent technological and conceptual developments in the field of ecological genomics: the study of life-history evolution and its impact of genome architectures; the study of the genomic bases of phenotypic plasticity and the study of the genomic bases of adaptation and speciation.

The Gene Ontology Handbook

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ISBN 13 : 9781013267710
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (677 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gene Ontology Handbook by : Christophe Dessimoz

Download or read book The Gene Ontology Handbook written by Christophe Dessimoz and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a practical and self-contained overview of the Gene Ontology (GO), the leading project to organize biological knowledge on genes and their products across genomic resources. Written for biologists and bioinformaticians, it covers the state-of-the-art of how GO annotations are made, how they are evaluated, and what sort of analyses can and cannot be done with the GO. In the spirit of the Methods in Molecular Biology book series, there is an emphasis throughout the chapters on providing practical guidance and troubleshooting advice. Authoritative and accessible, The Gene Ontology Handbook serves non-experts as well as seasoned GO users as a thorough guide to this powerful knowledge system. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

The Causes of Molecular Evolution

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195357744
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis The Causes of Molecular Evolution by : John H. Gillespie

Download or read book The Causes of Molecular Evolution written by John H. Gillespie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-05-26 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a unified theory that addresses the important problem of the origin and maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. With modern molecular techniques, variation is found in all species, sometimes at astonishingly high levels. Yet, despite these observations, the forces that maintain variation within and between species have been difficult subjects of study. Because they act very weakly and operate over vast time scales, scientists must rely on indirect inferences and speculative mathematical models. However, despite these obstacles, many advances have been made. The author's research in molecular genetics, evolution, and bio-mathematics has enabled him to draw on this work, and present a coherent and valuable view of the field. The book is divided into three parts. The first consists of three chapters on protein evolution, DNA evolution, and molecular mechanisms. This section reviews the experimental observations on genetic variation. The second part gives a unified treatment of the mathematical theory of selection in a fluctuating environment. The final two chapters combine the earlier assessments in a treatment of the scientific status of two competing theories for the maintenance of genetic variation. Steeped in the enormous advances population genetics has made over the past 25 years, this book has proven highly popular among human geneticists, biologists, evolutionary theorists, and bio-mathematicians.

Genetics of Local Adaptation in Arabidopsis Thaliana

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (698 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics of Local Adaptation in Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Ilkka Kronholm

Download or read book Genetics of Local Adaptation in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Ilkka Kronholm and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118860179
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation by : Roosa Laitinen

Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation written by Roosa Laitinen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are forced to adapt for a variety of reasons— protection, reproductive viability, and environmental and climatic changes. Computational tools and molecular advances have provided researchers with significant new insights into the molecular basis of plant adaptation. Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation provides a comprehensive overview of a wide variety of these different mechanisms underlying adaptation to these challenges to plant survival. Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation opens with a chapter that explores the latest technological advances used in plant adaptation research, providing readers with an overview of high-throughput technologies and their applications. The chapters that follow cover the latest developments on using natural variation to dissect genetic, epigenetic and metabolic responses of plant adaptation. Subsequent chapters describe plant responses to biotic and abiotic stressors and adaptive reproductive strategies. Emerging topics such as secondary metabolism, small RNA mediated regulation as well as cell type specific responses to stresses are given special precedence. The book ends with chapters introducing computational approaches to study adaptation and focusing on how to apply laboratory findings to field studies and breeding programs. Molecular Mechanisms in Plant Adaptation interest plant molecular biologists and physiologists, plant stress biologists, plant geneticists and advanced plant biology students.

Genetic Basis for Natural Variation in Flowering Time in Local Populations of Arabidopsis Thaliana

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Basis for Natural Variation in Flowering Time in Local Populations of Arabidopsis Thaliana by : Hayley Louise McCulloch

Download or read book Genetic Basis for Natural Variation in Flowering Time in Local Populations of Arabidopsis Thaliana written by Hayley Louise McCulloch and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441971181
Total Pages : 675 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae by : Renate Schmidt

Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae written by Renate Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-03 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Genetics and Genomics of the Brassicaceae provides a review of this important family (commonly termed the mustard family, or Cruciferae). The family contains several cultivated species, including radish, rocket, watercress, wasabi and horseradish, in addition to the vegetable and oil crops of the Brassica genus. There are numerous further species with great potential for exploitation in 21st century agriculture, particularly as sources of bioactive chemicals. These opportunities are reviewed, in the context of the Brassicaceae in agriculture. More detailed descriptions are provided of the genetics of the cultivated Brassica crops, including both the species producing most of the brassica vegetable crops (B. rapa and B. oleracea) and the principal species producing oilseed crops (B. napus and B. juncea). The Brassicaceae also include important “model” plant species. Most prominent is Arabidopsis thaliana, the first plant species to have its genome sequenced. Natural genetic variation is reviewed for A. thaliana, as are the genetics of the closely related A. lyrata and of the genus Capsella. Self incompatibility is widespread in the Brassicaceae, and this subject is reviewed. Interest arising from both the commercial value of crop species of the Brassicaceae and the importance of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model species, has led to the development of numerous resources to support research. These are reviewed, including germplasm and genomic library resources, and resources for reverse genetics, metabolomics, bioinformatics and transformation. Molecular studies of the genomes of species of the Brassicaceae revealed extensive genome duplication, indicative of multiple polyploidy events during evolution. In some species, such as Brassica napus, there is evidence of multiple rounds of polyploidy during its relatively recent evolution, thus the Brassicaceae represent an excellent model system for the study of the impacts of polyploidy and the subsequent process of diploidisation, whereby the genome stabilises. Sequence-level characterization of the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa are presented, along with summaries of comparative studies conducted at both linkage map and sequence level, and analysis of the structural and functional evolution of resynthesised polyploids, along with a description of the phylogeny and karyotype evolution of the Brassicaceae. Finally, some perspectives of the editors are presented. These focus upon the Brassicaceae species as models for studying genome evolution following polyploidy, the impact of advances in genome sequencing technology, prospects for future transcriptome analysis and upcoming model systems.

Evolution of flagellin perception in Arabidopsis thaliana and its relatives

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Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736934548
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of flagellin perception in Arabidopsis thaliana and its relatives by : Madlen Vetter

Download or read book Evolution of flagellin perception in Arabidopsis thaliana and its relatives written by Madlen Vetter and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2010-08-20 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are constantly challenged by microbes which try to gain fitness benefits at the cost of their host. Microbes which may putatively cause disease are therefore detected by plant receptors that bind pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The peptide flg22 resembles the most conserved part of the N-terminus of bacterial flagellin and is perceived as a PAMP by the pattern recognition receptors (PRR) FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) in all higher plant species. Upon perception of flg22, FLS2 elicits PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) and thus contributes to host survival and fitness. While the evolution of resistance (R) genes has been extensively examined, no detailed studies on the evolution of PRRs are available, although this information may improve pest management in crops. Here, functional variation of FLS2 in A. thaliana and its relatives within the Brassicaceae was investigated. Differences in FLS2 protein abundance but no major changes in affinity of FLS2 towards flg22 cause functional diversity in accessions of A. thaliana. Duplication of the FLS2 gene in A. lyrata contributes to a large variation in flg22 perception in this species. FLS2 functional variation correlates with bacteria load in the plant mesophyll. Despite this beneficial contribution to Darwinian fitness, functional variation segregates within populations of A. thaliana. The intraspecific variation in flg22 perception in A. thaliana is as pronounced as among several Brassicaceae species. This suggests that FLS2 is not subjected to directional selection towards a general optimum of receptor function but flg22 perception is a quantitative trait in the Brassicaceae family. Using genetic and quantitative population differentiation to detect natural selection, no conclusive evidence could be found that evolution of flg22 perception is driven by the adaptation to local flg22 variants as has been demonstrated for highly specific gene-for-gene interaction of R genes and their cognate microbial effector molecules. Instead, flg22 perception correlates with the flg22-triggered inhibition of seedling growth. The genetic basis of inhibition of seedling growth was investigated by quantitative trait locus mapping and revealed that a locus which co-localizes with FLS2 partially controls variation in inhibition of seedling growth. Furthermore, fitness assays with functional and non-functional FLS2 alleles revealed a background-dependent detrimental effect of FLS2 on reproductive fitness. Moreover, variation in flg22 perception is correlated with flowering time in A. thaliana giving first experimental evidence that FLS2 function and life-history traits do not evolve independently.

Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139488554
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management by : J. Andrew DeWoody

Download or read book Molecular Approaches in Natural Resource Conservation and Management written by J. Andrew DeWoody and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in molecular genetics and genomics have been embraced by many in natural resource conservation. Today, several major conservation and management journals are now using 'genetics' editors to deal solely with the influx of manuscripts that employ molecular data. The editors have attempted to synthesize some of the major uses of molecular markers in natural resource management in a book targeted not only at scientists but also at individuals actively making conservation and management decisions. To that end, the text features contributors who are major figures in molecular ecology and evolution - many having published books of their own. The aim is to direct and distil the thoughts of these outstanding scientists by compiling compelling case histories in molecular ecology as they apply to natural resource management.

Understanding the Impact of Heterozygosity on Metabolism, Growth and Hybrid Necrosis Within a Local Arabidopsis Thaliana Collection Site

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Impact of Heterozygosity on Metabolism, Growth and Hybrid Necrosis Within a Local Arabidopsis Thaliana Collection Site by : Andres Eduardo Rodriguez Cubillos

Download or read book Understanding the Impact of Heterozygosity on Metabolism, Growth and Hybrid Necrosis Within a Local Arabidopsis Thaliana Collection Site written by Andres Eduardo Rodriguez Cubillos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants are unable to move away from unwanted environments and therefore have to locally adapt to changing conditions. Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), a model organism in plant biology, has been able to rapidly colonize a wide spectrum of environments with different biotic and abiotic challenges. In recent years, natural variation in Arabidopsis has shown to be an excellent resource to study genes underlying adaptive traits and hybridization's impact on natural diversity. Studies on Arabidopsis hybrids have provided information on the genetic basis of hybrid incompatibilities and heterosis, as well as inheritance patterns in hybrids. However, previous studies have focused mainly on global accessions and yet much remains to be known about variation happening within a local growth habitat. In my PhD, I investigated the impact of heterozygosity at a local collection site of Arabidopsis and its role in local adaptation. I focused on two different projects, both including hybrids among Arabidopsis individuals collected around Tübingen ...

Evolution after Gene Duplication

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118148096
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution after Gene Duplication by : Katharina Dittmar

Download or read book Evolution after Gene Duplication written by Katharina Dittmar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene duplication has long been believed to have played a major role in the rise of biological novelty through evolution of new function and gene expression patterns. The first book to examine gene duplication across all levels of biological organization, Evolution after Gene Duplication presents a comprehensive picture of the mechanistic process by which gene duplication may have played a role in generating biodiversity. Key Features: Explores comparative genomics, genome evolution studies and analysis of multi-gene families such as Hox, globins, olfactory receptors and MHC (immune system) A complete post-genome treatment of the topic originally covered by Ohno's 1970 classic, this volume extends coverage to include the fate of associated regulatory pathways Taps the significant increase in multi-gene family data that has resulted from comparative genomics Comprehensive coverage that includes opposing theoretical viewpoints, comparative genomics data, theoretical and empirical evidence and the role of bioinformatics in the study of gene duplication This up-to-date overview of theory and mathematical models along with practical examples is suitable for scientists across various levels of biology as well as instructors and graduate students.

Arabidopsis Protocols

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Publisher : Methods in Molecular Biology
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 754 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Arabidopsis Protocols by : Jose J. Sanchez-Serrano

Download or read book Arabidopsis Protocols written by Jose J. Sanchez-Serrano and published by Methods in Molecular Biology. This book was released on 2013-09-21 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arabidopsis Protocols, Third Edition compiles some of the most recent methodologies developed to exploit the Arabidopsis genome. These methodologies cover from the guided access to public resources, to genetic, cell biology, biochemical and physiological techniques, including both those that are widely used as well as those novel techniques likely to open up new avenues of knowledge in the future. In addition, considering the recent unparalleled progress of the “omics” tools in Arabidopsis, leading experts have contributed sections on genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and other whole-system approaches. Arabidopsis thaliana is acknowledged as the most important plant model system by the scientific community and Arabidopsis research has fundamentally influenced our understanding of the basic biology and ecology of plants. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Arabidopsis Protocols, Third Edition seeks to serve both experienced researchers and beginners with its detailed methodologies on this burgeoning scientific field.

Seeds

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461446937
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Seeds by : J. Derek Bewley

Download or read book Seeds written by J. Derek Bewley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated and much revised third edition of Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy provides a thorough overview of seed biology and incorporates much of the progress that has been made during the past fifteen years. With an emphasis on placing information in the context of the seed, this new edition includes recent advances in the areas of molecular biology of development and germination, as well as fresh insights into dormancy, ecophysiology, desiccation tolerance, and longevity. Authored by preeminent authorities in the field, this book is an invaluable resource for researchers, teachers, and students interested in the diverse aspects of seed biology.

The Genetics, Biogeography and Local Adaptation of Intraspecific Variation in Defense Traits of Arabidopsis Thaliana

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781321224573
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (245 download)

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Book Synopsis The Genetics, Biogeography and Local Adaptation of Intraspecific Variation in Defense Traits of Arabidopsis Thaliana by :

Download or read book The Genetics, Biogeography and Local Adaptation of Intraspecific Variation in Defense Traits of Arabidopsis Thaliana written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the mapping panels and data used in this thesis are available as supplementary files.

The Genetics of Phenotypic Variation in Arabidopsis Thaliana

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (656 download)

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Book Synopsis The Genetics of Phenotypic Variation in Arabidopsis Thaliana by :

Download or read book The Genetics of Phenotypic Variation in Arabidopsis Thaliana written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All organisms exhibit substantial quantitative trait variation within populations. Such variation is important because it can affect fitness and serve as the substrate for adaptive evolution. Identifying the quantitative trait genes (QTGs) responsible for phenotypic variation is necessary to understand the mechanisms that generate trait variation and to determine the historical action of natural selection on quantitative traits and QTGs. However, in most complex organisms, the genetic mapping of QTGs is difficult and presently not feasible to do systematically at a gene-level resolution. Model organisms that are both tractable in the laboratory and complex developmentally can serve as trial systems for developing broadly applicable methods for QTG mapping. Using the plant genetic model Arabidopsis thaliana, I have attempted to map QTGs for ecologically-significant quantitative traits â€" shoot branching and flowering time â€" through a combination of forward and reverse genetic methods. Three main research projects are reported here: i) candidate gene association mapping and linkage mapping of shoot branching; ii) regulatory network-wide candidate gene association mapping of flowering time; and iii) a survey of intra- and interspecific genetic variation at nearly half of the microRNAs (miRNAs) and their binding sites in the genome. These studies have identified strong candidate QTGs for traits that are determinants of A. thaliana fitness in the wild. I synthesize my results with those of other researchers in this area to highlight the achievements, future promise, and looming challenges for statistical genetics in terms of elucidating the genetic basis of trait variation.

Ecological Genetics of Local Adaptation

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecological Genetics of Local Adaptation by : John K. McKay

Download or read book Ecological Genetics of Local Adaptation written by John K. McKay and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: