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Author : Kathleen Regan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Linking Microbial Abundance and Function to Understand Nitrogen Cycling in Grassland Soils written by Kathleen Regan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. P. Robertson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195120833
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)
Download or read book Standard Soil Methods for Long-term Ecological Research written by G. P. Robertson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the volume is to facilitate cross-site synthesis and evaluation of ecosystem processes. The book is the first broadly based compendium of standardized soil measurement methods and will be an invaluable resource for ecologists, agronomists, and soil scientists."--BOOK JACKET.
Author : Rahul Datta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811372640
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil written by Rahul Datta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-24 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several textbooks and edited volumes are currently available on general soil fertility but‚ to date‚ none have been dedicated to the study of “Sustainable Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Soil.” Yet this aspect is extremely important, considering the fact that the soil, as the ‘epidermis of the Earth’ (geodermis)‚ is a major component of the terrestrial biosphere. This book addresses virtually every aspect of C and N cycling, including: general concepts on the diversity of microorganisms and management practices for soil, the function of soil’s structure-function-ecosystem, the evolving role of C and N, cutting-edge methods used in soil microbial ecological studies, rhizosphere microflora, the role of organic matter (OM) in agricultural productivity, C and N transformation in soil, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and its genetics, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), PGPRs and their role in sustainable agriculture, organic agriculture, etc. The book’s main objectives are: (1) to explain in detail the role of C and N cycling in sustaining agricultural productivity and its importance to sustainable soil management; (2) to show readers how to restore soil health with C and N; and (3) to help them understand the matching of C and N cycling rules from a climatic perspective. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for educators, researchers, and policymakers, as well as undergraduate and graduate students of soil science, soil microbiology, agronomy, ecology, and the environmental sciences. Gathering cutting-edge contributions from internationally respected researchers, it offers authoritative content on a broad range of topics, which is supplemented by a wealth of data, tables, figures, and photographs. Moreover, it provides a roadmap for sustainable approaches to food and nutritional security, and to soil sustainability in agricultural systems, based on C and N cycling in soil systems.
Download or read book Linking Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling to Plant-soil-microbial Interactions at the Field-, Soil Pedon-, and Micro-scales Within Long-term Conventional, Low-input, and Organic Cropping Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the greatly increased productive capacity of current-day cropping systems, the shortcomings associated with conventional, high-intensity cropping systems and the growing threat of global climate change, warrant the identification of crop management practices that promote long-term agricultural sustainability and productivity. Unlike conventional cropping practices, which include synthetic nitrogen and pesticide use, alternative crop management practices, e.g., cover cropping, tillage reduction, organic amendment additions, and reducing or eliminating synthetic fertilizer use, have emerged as integrated and ecologically sound approaches to enhance agroecosystem functioning and services. Yet, mechanisms governing the differences in soil quality and crop yields among alternative cropping systems and conventional systems remain unclear. The aim of this dissertation study was to understand and quantify the mechanisms governing the relationship between carbon and nitrogen cycling and the interactions between plants, soil, and microorganisms within long-term conventional (annual synthetic fertilizer), low-input (alternating synthetic fertilizer and cover crop additions), and organic (annual manure- and cover crop additions) cropping systems, at the field-, soil pedon-, and micro-scales. A multi-scaled approach, including agronomic experiments, stable isotopes (13C and 15N), soil fractionation techniques, and microbiological analyses (e.g., functional gene quantification and phospholipid fatty acid assays), was employed to study mechanisms of soil carbon and nitrogen stabilization and loss and to draw links between microbial populations and carbon and nitrogen processing across different agroecosystems. Data from this research only partly corroborated the global hypothesis: the effects of long-term, low-input crop management enhance microbial-mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in different soil microenvironments and optimize the balance between carbon and nitrogen stabilization and loss compared to the conventional and organic cropping systems. Only a weak relationship between short-term microbial community structure and long-term carbon and nitrogen sequestration was found across the three cropping systems. The conclusion drawn is that the effects of long-term crop management are dictated by complex trade-offs between soil carbon and nitrogen stabilization, microbial abundance and activity, nitrogen losses, crop productivity, and the quantity and quality of carbon and nitrogen inputs in alternative cropping systems.
Author : Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535122487
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Actinobacteria written by Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an introductory overview of Actinobacteria with three main divisions: taxonomic principles, bioprospecting, and agriculture and industrial utility, which covers isolation, cultivation methods, and identification of Actinobacteria and production and biotechnological potential of antibacterial compounds and enzymes from Actinobacteria. Moreover, this book also provides a comprehensive account on plant growth-promoting (PGP) and pollutant degrading ability of Actinobacteria and the exploitation of Actinobacteria as ecofriendly nanofactories for biosynthesis of nanoparticles, such as gold and silver. This book will be beneficial for the graduate students, teachers, researchers, biotechnologists, and other professionals, who are interested to fortify and expand their knowledge about Actinobacteria in the field of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biomedical Science, Plant Science, Agriculture, Plant pathology, Environmental Science, etc.
Author : J. Philip Grime
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118223276
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)
Download or read book The Evolutionary Strategies that Shape Ecosystems written by J. Philip Grime and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-26 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE EVOLUTIONARY STRATEGIES THAT SHAPE ECOSYSTEMS In 1837 a young Charles Darwin took his notebook, wrote “I think”, and then sketched a rudimentary, stick-like tree. Each branch of Darwin’s tree of life told a story of survival and adaptation – adaptation of animals and plants not just to the environment but also to life with other living things. However, more than 150 years since Darwin published his singular idea of natural selection, the science of ecology has yet to account for how contrasting evolutionary outcomes affect the ability of organisms to coexist in communities and to regulate ecosystem functioning. In this book Philip Grime and Simon Pierce explain how evidence from across the world is revealing that, beneath the wealth of apparently limitless and bewildering variation in detailed structure and functioning, the essential biology of all organisms is subject to the same set of basic interacting constraints on life-history and physiology. The inescapable resulting predicament during the evolution of every species is that, according to habitat, each must adopt a predictable compromise with regard to how they use the resources at their disposal in order to survive. The compromise involves the investment of resources in either the effort to acquire more resources, the tolerance of factors that reduce metabolic performance, or reproduction. This three-way trade-off is the irreducible core of the universal adaptive strategy theory which Grime and Pierce use to investigate how two environmental filters selecting, respectively, for convergence and divergence in organism function determine the identity of organisms in communities, and ultimately how different evolutionary strategies affect the functioning of ecosystems. This book refl ects an historic phase in which evolutionary processes are finally moving centre stage in the effort to unify ecological theory, and animal, plant and microbial ecology have begun to find a common theoretical framework. Companion website This book has a companion website www.wiley.com/go/grime/evolutionarystrategies with Figures and Tables from the book for downloading.
Author : Yang Ouyang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)
Download or read book Agricultural Nitrogen Management Affects Microbial Communities, Enzyme Activities, and Functional Genes for Nitrification and Nitrogen Mineralization written by Yang Ouyang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformations of organic nitrogen to ammonium and nitrate are central processes in the internal soil nitrogen cycle. In most agricultural soils, ammonium is rapidly oxidized to nitrate in the process known as nitrification; often leading to loss of nitrate from the system. Nitrification is mediated by ammonia oxidizing bacteria or archaea, and nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Understanding links between process rates, enzyme activities and the communities of microbes that cycle nitrogen may contribute to sustainable management. Our main objective was to determine the impacts of contrasting nitrogen management on soil microbial communities, enzyme activities, and functional genes for nitrification and nitrogen mineralization in a Utah agricultural system. Process rates and activities were measured in laboratory potential assays and 15N isotope pool dilution experiments. The abundance and diversity of genes involved in nitrification and nitrogen mineralization were examined using quantitative real-time PCR, pyrosequencing, clone libraries, and metagenomics. Key enzymes and their relevant marker genes included ammonia monooxygenase (amoA), nitrite oxidoreductase (nxrB), protease (npr and sub), chitinase (chiA), and urease (ureC). The overall soil microbial community composition was assessed targeting ribosomal genes. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria were more responsive than archaea to ammonium fertilizers while the archaea were competitive under low ammonium levels. The relative contribution of ammonia oxidizing archaea to nitrification increased with increasing temperature and their activity had a higher temperature optimum than bacteria. The abundance of ammonia oxidizers in the organic farming system increased with organic nitrogen fertilizers and their activity was higher in manure than in compost treated soil. Nitrogen fertilizers strongly stimulated the rates of potential nitrite oxidation. Nitrospira was the only known nitrite oxidizer genus recovered from any soil sample. The application of organic nitrogen fertilizers, but not inorganic, increased the diversity of the prokaryotic community and the activities of soil enzymes. In the organic farming system, abundances of functional genes for mineralization were increased by organic nitrogen fertilizer and these abundances were significantly correlated with corresponding enzyme activity. Understanding the link between microbial communities and the biogeochemical functions of nitrification and mineralization may allow ecosystem models to incorporate microorganisms as dynamic components driving nitrogen flux.
Author : J. S. Rodwell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521627207
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (272 download)
Download or read book British Plant Communities written by J. S. Rodwell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-04-30 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: British Plant Communities is the first systematic and comprehensive account of the vegetation types of this country. It covers all natural, semi-natural and major artificial habitats in Great Britain (but not Northern Ireland), representing the fruits of fifteen years of research by leading plant ecologists. The book breaks new ground in wedding the rigorous interest in the classification of plant communities that has characterized Continental phytosociology with the deep concern traditional in Great Britain to understand how vegetation works. The published volumes have been greeted with universal acclaim, and the series has become firmly established as a framework for a wide variety of teaching, research and management activities in ecology, conservation and land-use planning.
Author : Cristina Cruz
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030712060
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Soil Nitrogen Ecology written by Cristina Cruz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the latest discoveries about the nitrogen cycle in the soil. It introduces the concept of nitrogen fixation and covers important aspects of nitrogen in soil and ecology such as its distribution and occurrence, soil microflora and fauna and their role in N-fixation. The importance of plant growth-promoting microbes for a sustainable agriculture, e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizae in N-fixation, is discussed as well as perspectives of metagenomics, microbe-plant signal transduction in N-ecology and related aspects. This book enables the reader to bridge the main gaps in knowledge and carefully presents perspectives on the ecology of biotransformations of nitrogen in soil.
Author : Alice Fiona Charteris
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030310574
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)
Download or read book 15N Tracing of Microbial Assimilation, Partitioning and Transport of Fertilisers in Grassland Soils written by Alice Fiona Charteris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-28 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents innovative research on soil nitrogen cycling and nitrate leaching with a view to improving soil management and fertiliser nitrogen use efficiency and reducing nitrogen leaching losses. In this regard, nitrogen-15 (15N)-labelled fertiliser was used as a biochemical and physical stable isotope tracer in laboratory and field experiments. The major outcome of the research was the development, validation and application of a new compound-specific amino acid 15N stable isotope probing method for assessing the assimilation of fertiliser nitrogen by soil microbial biomass. The novelty of the method lies in its tracing of incorporated nitrogen into newly biosynthesised microbial protein in time-course experiments using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The approach provides previously unattainable insights into the microbial processing of different nitrogen fertilisers in different soils. Further, it identifies the mechanistic link between molecular-scale processes and observations of field-scale fertiliser nitrogen immobilisation studies. The method and the results presented here will have far-reaching implications for the development of enhanced recommendations concerning farm-based soil management practices for increasing soil productivity and reducing nitrogen losses, which is essential to minimising environmental impacts.
Author : Mark A. Sutton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139501372
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)
Download or read book The European Nitrogen Assessment written by Mark A. Sutton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the first continental-scale assessment of reactive nitrogen in the environment, this book sets the related environmental problems in context by providing a multidisciplinary introduction to the nitrogen cycle processes. Issues of upscaling from farm plot and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail with emphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. The five key societal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe, including the first cost-benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and future scenarios. Incorporating comprehensive maps, a handy technical synopsis and a summary for policy makers, this landmark volume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines, as well as stakeholders and policy makers. It is also a valuable tool in communicating the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.
Author : Nicola Linton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Microbial Communities in Agricultural Soil - Diversity, Abundance and Activity Impacted by Fertilization, Cropping and Tillage Practices written by Nicola Linton and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil is a complex ecosystem that supports diverse communities of microorganisms carrying out multiple biogeochemical cycles, which contribute to its health and functioning. Agricultural management practices such as nutrient inputs, tillage and crop rotations impact physiochemical and biological soil qualities, and the provision of multiple ecosystem services. The objectives of this thesis are to understand how management impacts soil bacterial functional groups involved in nitrogen cycling, as well as total bacterial and fungal diversity. We found that delayed release urea fertilizer increased nitrogen cycling gene abundance and decreased nitrous oxide emissions in a soil microcosm study. We further explored links between nitrogen cycling microbial communities and nitrous oxide emissions in a long-term field study with simple and diverse crop rotations under no till. Long-term no tillage and diversification of corn-soybean rotations with winter wheat and red clover cover increased total, nitrifying, and denitrifying (nirK and nosZ2) bacterial functional groups during the second-year corn phase. Nitrous oxide emissions occurred after urea ammonium nitrate fertilization and were higher in the diverse rotation, highlighting that agricultural management practices can improve soil health but also lead to alteration of nutrient cycling pathways as a tradeoff. The effects of long-term tillage and crop rotational diversity on total bacterial and fungal diversity were also explored through use of high throughput sequencing of soil sampled during the second-year corn phase. Tillage decreased bacterial and fungal diversity but increased community evenness. Alfalfa alone or in rotation with corn increased fungal diversity metrics but had less of an impact on bacterial diversity. Bacterial and fungal community composition was shaped by both tillage and crop rotational diversity. Tillage and crop rotational history were associated with bacterial and fungal taxonomic groups that were relatively more abundant in soils under each long-term management strategy. This thesis shows how a multitude of bacterial functional groups, as well as total bacterial and fungal communities can be shaped by agricultural management practices and influence the processes that provide many soil ecosystem benefits.
Author : Johannes Rousk
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889192970
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book The Microbial Regulation of Global Biogeochemical Cycles written by Johannes Rousk and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients are increasingly affected by human activities. So far, modeling has been central for our understanding of how this will affect ecosystem functioning and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. These models have been forced to adopt a reductive approach built on the flow of carbon and nutrients between pools that are difficult or even impossible to verify with empirical evidence. Furthermore, while some of these models include the response in physiology, ecology and biogeography of primary producers to environmental change, the microbial part of the ecosystem is generally poorly represented or lacking altogether. The principal pool of carbon and nutrients in soil is the organic matter. The turnover of this reservoir is governed by microorganisms that act as catalytic converters of environmental conditions into biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. The dependency of this conversion activity on individual environmental conditions such as pH, moisture and temperature has been frequently studied. On the contrary, only rarely have the microorganisms involved in carrying out the processes been identified, and one of the biggest challenges for advancing our understanding of biogeochemical processes is to identify the microorganisms carrying out a specific set of metabolic processes and how they partition their carbon and nutrient use. We also need to identify the factors governing these activities and if they result in feedback mechanisms that alter the growth, activity and interaction between primary producers and microorganisms. By determining how different groups of microorganisms respond to individual environmental conditions by allocating carbon and nutrients to production of biomass, CO2 and other products, a mechanistic as well as quantitative understanding of formation and decomposition of organic matter, and the production and consumption of greenhouse gases, can be achieved. In this Research Topic, supported by the Swedish research councils' programme "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Landscape" (BECC), we intend to promote this alternative framework to address how cycling of carbon and nutrients will be altered in a changing environment from the first-principle mechanisms that drive them – namely the ecology, physiology and biogeography of microorganisms – and on up to emerging global biogeochemical patterns. This novel and unconventional approach has the potential to generate fresh insights that can open up new horizons and stimulate rapid conceptual development in our basic understanding of the regulating factors for global biogeochemical cycles. The vision for the research topic is to facilitate such progress by bringing together leading scientists as proponents of several disciplines. By bridging Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry, connecting microbial activities at the micro-scale to carbon fluxes at the ecosystem-scale, and linking above- and belowground ecosystem functioning, we can leap forward from the current understanding of the global biogeochemical cycles.
Author : Jian Sun
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832530575
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book Patterns, functions, and processes of alpine grassland ecosystems under global change written by Jian Sun and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-01 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Nitrogen Cycling in a Changing World written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cycling of nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), is arguably one of the most critical ecosystem services provided by soil. Nitrogen is the limiting nutrient for plant growth in many terrestrial ecosystems and can consequently regulate net primary production, plant diversity, and community composition. Transformations of available N, which are catalyzed by soil microorganisms, can also affect air and water quality, with possible implications for climate change and human health. In an era of global environmental change, it is paramount to gain a mechanistic understanding of how soil N is affected by anthropogenically derived perturbations such as exotic plant invasion and elevated nutrient deposition. Using a multifactor global change experiment, I assessed how three principal global change factors - exotic plant invasion, N deposition (simulated by N fertilization), and aboveground vegetation removal (to simulate cattle grazing or mowing) - affected soil N cycling, namely NH4 and NO3− availability and potential rates of nitrification and denitrification, in a California grassland. In order to increase understanding of how soil microbial communities regulate changes in N cycling, I concurrently measured broad-scale community structure of bacteria and archaea and the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. I found that two invasive plants, Aegilops triuncialis and Elymus caput-medusae reduced soil N availability and nitrification and denitrification potentials compared to perennial-dominated native communities but not naturalized exotic communities. Aboveground vegetation removal, which is often used as a tool to manage invasive plant populations (through cattle grazing or mowing), tended to exacerbate the effects of invasion by further reducing nitrification potential and soil NO3− availability. Fertilization with NH4 NO3 consistently increased nitrification potential and soil NO3− availability, yet NH4 remained unaffected and denitrification potential was reduced. When combined, defoliation and N fertilization always produced additive effects. Finally, despite the sometimes dramatic shifts in N availability and potential rates that were observed, microbial community composition remained unaffected by changes in plant composition, N fertilization and defoliation. Overall, these findings provide evidence that N cycling is uniquely affected by each individual global change factor, and that the interactive effects of N fertilization and defoliation can be predicted based on combining single factor studies. These results also suggest that microbial communities composition is insensitive to global change in this system, and that microbial activity - as measured by rates of N cycling - is decoupled from community composition.
Author : Richard W. Weaver
Publisher : ACSESS
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1164 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2 written by Richard W. Weaver and published by ACSESS. This book was released on 1994 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil sampling for microbiological analysis; Statistical treatment of microbial data; Soil sterilization; Soil water potencial; Most probable number counts; Light microscopic methods for studying soil microorganisms; Viruses; Recovery and enumeration of viable bacteria; Coliform bacteria; Autotrophic nitrifying bacteria; Free-living dinitrogen-fixing bacteria; Legume nodule symbionts; Anaerobic bacteria and processes; Denitrifiers; Actiomycetes; Frankia and the actinorhizal symbiosis; Filamentous fungi; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Isolation of microorganisms producting antibiotics; Microbiological procedures for biodegradation research; Algae and cyanobacteria; Marking soil bacteria with lacZY; Detection of specific DNA sequences in environmental sample via polymerase chaim reaction; Isolation and purification of bacterial DNA from soil; Microbial biomass; Soil enzymes; Carbon mineralization; Isotopic methods for the study of soil organic matter dynamics ; Practical considerations in the use of nitrogen tracers in agricultural and environmental research; Nitrogen availability; Nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification; Dinitrogen fixation; Measuring denitrification in the field; Sulfur oxidation and reduction in soils; Iron and manganese oxidation and reduction.
Author : Nicola Senesi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470494948
Total Pages : 905 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems written by Nicola Senesi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-23 with total page 905 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date resource on natural nonliving organic matter Bringing together world-renowned researchers to explore natural nonliving organic matter (NOM) and its chemical, biological, and ecological importance, Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems offers an integrated view of the dynamics and processes of NOM. This multidisciplinary approach allows for a comprehensive treatment encompassing all the formation processes, properties, reactions, environments, and analytical techniques associated with the latest research on NOM. After briefly outlining the historical background, current ideas, and future prospects of the study of NOM, the coverage examines: The formation mechanisms of humic substances Organo-clay complexes The effects of organic matter amendment Black carbon in the environment Carbon sequestration and dynamics in soil Biological activities of humic substances Dissolved organic matter Humic substances in the rhizosphere Marine organic matter Organic matter in atmospheric particles In addition to the above topics, the coverage includes such relevant analytical techniques as separation technology; analytical pyrolysis and soft-ionization mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance; EPR, FTIR, Raman, UV-visible adsorption, fluorescence, and X-ray spectroscopies; and thermal analysis. Hundreds of illustrations and photographs further illuminate the various chapters. An essential resource for both students and professionals in environmental science, environmental engineering, water science, soil science, geology, and environmental chemistry, Biophysico-Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems provides a unique combination of the latest discoveries, developments, and future prospects in this field.
