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Author : Jennifer Utter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780473141936
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Lifestyle and Obesity in South Pacific Youth written by Jennifer Utter and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John David Sluyter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (825 download)
Download or read book Lifestyle and Body Composition in Adolescents in the South Pacific written by John David Sluyter and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity prevalence among Pacific Island adolescents is high and is a major health concern. In view of this, obesity interventions targeted at this group are urgently required. However, evidence of suitable intervention strategies for this population is lacking. In addition, it is not clear how well measures of obesity that can be used in the field setting quantify fatness in South Pacific youth. To address these gaps of knowledge in the literature, this thesis aimed to examine the association between lifestyle risk factors of obesity and body composition variables in this population (Obesity Prevention In Communities (OPIC) study). To assist this objective, a second aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between fatness estimated by field methods (anthropometric and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) variables) and measured by an accepted reference method in South Pacific youth (validation study). In the validation study, 432 adolescents (Pacific Island, Maori, Asian and European) were purposively selected from high schools in Auckland. Anthropometric variables were measured, impedance variables were measured on an 8-electrode BIA (BIA8) device (Tanita BC-418; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan) and body composition variables were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In the OPIC study, data were collected from >17,000 students from 4 countries (New Zealand (NZ), Australia, Fiji and Tonga) and 8 ethnic groups (NZ Pacific Island, NZ Maori, NZ Asian, NZ European, Indigenous Fijian, Fijian Indian and Tongan), which comprised information on demographic, lifestyle and body composition variables. Results from the validation study showed that, compared to Europeans, for the same body mass index (BMI), Asian Indians had more percent body fat (%BF), while Maori and Pacific Islanders had less %BF. In boys, readily measured variables, waist circumference/height and conicity index, had notable effects on the %BF ethnic differences. Other factors that contributed to these differences in boys and girls were variation in muscularity, bone mass, fat distribution and relative leg length. BIA8 estimated DXA-measured total fat mass (TFM), %BF and fat-free mass with significant bias. BIAbased prediction equations developed in the sample performed better than reliance on the manufacturer's equations and these equations depended upon ethnicity. For the same waist circumference (WC), compared to Europeans and Maori, Asians had more percent abdominal fat (%AbFM) and Pacific Islanders had less %AbFM. Adjustment for trunk impedance (ZTr) removed or reduced these %AbFM differences. In fact, at a given WC, ethnic differences in ZTr mirrored variation in %AbFM across ethnic groups. OPIC analyses revealed that Pacific Islanders had markedly higher fatness levels than other groups, including when %BF, TFM and %AbFM were used as fatness measures. Among all ethnic groups combined, TV watching was positively related to fatness in a dose-dependent manner. Overall effects showed strong, dose-dependent associations between fatness and soft drink consumption (positive relationship), breakfast consumption (inverse relationship) and after-school physical activity (inverse relationship). Differences in lifestyle obesity risk factors were associated with percentage differences in body composition variables that were greatest for TFM, followed by %BF and then BMI. This thesis supports the view that TV watching, soft drink consumption, breakfast consumption and physical inactivity contribute to increased obesity prevalence among Pacific Island youth. Body composition (DXA-measured fatness) notably varies at a given body size. Consistent with this, and an original finding, is that lifestyle factors are most strongly related to TFM and %BF, suggesting that obesity interventions and studies that use only BMI to quantify fatness may underestimate the "true" effect of lifestyle on adiposity.
Author : Luis A. Moreno
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441960392
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)
Download or read book Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents written by Luis A. Moreno and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite adults’ best preventive efforts, childhood obesity is on the rise in most areas of the world, and with it the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and other formerly adult-onset conditions. Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents takes the global ecological approach that is needed to understand the scope of the problem and its multiple causes and mechanisms, and to aid in developing more effective prevention and intervention programs. In the book’s first half, experts present a descriptive summary of youth obesity trends in ten world regions, broken down by age group, gender, socioeconomic status, and risk factors. Complementing these findings, part two reviews the evidence base regarding the variables, separately and in combination, having the most significant impact on young people’s development of obesity, including: • Genetic and nutrigenomic factors. • Environmental and psychosocial factors, such as family shopping and eating habits and access to healthful foods. • Neuroendocrine regulation. • Prenatal and neonatal factors (e.g., gestational diabetes of the mother). • Dietary factors, from nutrient content to young people’s food preferences. • Physical activity versus sedentary behavior. Epidemiology of Obesity in Children and Adolescents is necessary reading for the range of professionals involved in curtailing this epidemic, including public health specialists, epidemiologists, pediatricians, nurses, nutritionists, psychologists, health educators, and policymakers.
Author : James M. Rippe
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439845425
Total Pages : 1633 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Lifestyle Medicine, Second Edition written by James M. Rippe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 1633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is no doubt that daily habits and actions exert a profound health impact. The fact that nutritional practices, level of physical activity, weight management, and other behaviors play key roles both in the prevention and treatment of most metabolic diseases has been recognized by their incorporation into virtually every evidence-based medical guideline. Despite this widespread recognition, physicians and other healthcare workers often cannot find a definitive and comprehensive source of information on all of these areas. Designed for physicians and other health care workers, Lifestyle Medicine, Second Edition brings together evidence-based research in multiple health-related fields to assist practitioners both in treating disease and promoting good health. Sections cover nutrition and exercise, behavioral psychology, public policy, and management of a range of disorders, including cardiovascular disease, endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, obesity, cancer, immunology and infectious diseases, pulmonary disorders, and many more.
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124165729
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (241 download)
Download or read book Advances in Food and Nutrition Research written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-05-27 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Food and Nutrition Research recognizes the integral relationship between the food and nutritional sciences and brings together outstanding and comprehensive reviews that highlight this relationship. Contributions detail scientific developments in the broad areas of food science and nutrition and are intended to provide those in academia and industry with the latest information on emerging research in these constantly evolving sciences. The latest important information for food scientists and nutritionists Peer-reviewed articles by a panel of respected scientists The go-to series since 1948
Author : Laurette Dube
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080922090
Total Pages : 832 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Obesity Prevention written by Laurette Dube and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, approaches to obesity prevention and treatment have gone from focusing on genetic and other biological factors to exploring a diversity of diets and individual behavior modification interventions anchored primarily in the power of the mind, to the recent shift focusing on societal interventions to design "temptation-proof" physical, social, and economic environments. In spite of repeated calls to action, including those of the World Health Organization (WHO), the pandemic continues to progress. WHO recently projected that if the current lifestyle trend in young and adult populations around the world persist, by 2012 in countries like the USA, health care costs may amount to as much as 17.7% of the GDP. Most importantly, in large part due to the problems of obesity, those children may be the first generation ever to have a shorter life expectancy than that of their parents. Obesity Prevention presents the most current research and proposals for addressing the pandemic. Past studies have focused primarly on either genetic or behavioral causes for obesity, however today's research indicates that a strongly integrated program is the best prospect for success in overcoming obesity. Furthermore, focus on the role of society in establishing an affordable, accessible and sustainable program for implementing these lifestyle changes is vital, particularly for those in economically challenged situations, who are ultimately at the highest risk for obesity. Using studies from both neuroscience and behavioral science to present a comprehensive overview of the challenges and possible solutions, The brain-to-society approach to obesity prevention focuses on what is needed in order to sustain a healthy, pleasurable and affordable lifestyle. Explores the "brain-to-society" approach to obesity prevention, focusing on an integrative approach to addressing the obesity pandemic Presents both the nueroscientific and the behavioral factors that impact eating habits Identifies the challenges and suggests solutions for altering attitudes toward food on both an individual and a societal level
Author : Jennifer A. O'Dea
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0199572917
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)
Download or read book Childhood Obesity Prevention written by Jennifer A. O'Dea and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity is an international public health concern, with a high profile in both the media and government policy. Controversial issues in the prevention of childhood obesity need to be considered early in the development of school, clinical or community prevention programs, as these issues are often the ones that promote the success or failure of attempts to ameliorate the problem at hand. This book combines health education theory, research, and practice to guide researchers, students, educators, community health workers and practitioners in the prevention of childhood obesity and the promotion of child and adolescent health and well-being. It examines controversy in childhood obesity, including the link with poverty and the difficulty of addressing obesity whilst also tackling the issue of eating disorders. The prevalence of childhood obesity is covered, with international chapters examining the importance of factors such as social class and ethnic differences, and global and local trends are identified. Approaches to prevention are presented, and the book concludes with the successful outcome of various interventions, demonstrating how the whole school community can collaborate to promote health among young people.
Author : Tasileta Teevale
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (65 download)
Download or read book Obesity in Pacific Adolescents written by Tasileta Teevale and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this thesis was to explore socio-cultural factors that may promote or prevent obesity in Pacific communities residing in New Zealand. Specific objectives were to describe the behaviours, knowledge, beliefs and values of Pacific adolescents and their parents, as related to food consumption, physical activity and body image and to compare the responses of obese Pacific adolescents and their parents to their non-obese or healthy weight counterparts. A mixed-methods approach was utilised to gather data. Information was collected from a questionnaire administered to 4215 students who participated in the New Zealand arm of the Obesity Prevention In Communities (OPIC) project and sixty-eight individuals (33 students and 35 parents) from 30 Pacific households participated in individual interviews as part of the qualitative phase of the study. To meet the comparative objectives of the study, Pacific adolescents were recruited by obese (n=16) and healthy weight (n=17) status. The outcome of the analysis found that cost and affordability of food, time-constraints through employment obligations and lack of health education or experience negatively affected the health-promoting behaviours of Pacific adolescents and their parents (i.e. not meeting the current guidelines for healthy eating and regular physical activity). Healthy weight Pacific adolescents were significantly more active, consumed fruit and vegetables regularly and had habitual levels of breakfast and lunch consumption compared to obese Pacific adolescents. Obese adolescents were inactive, had takeaway family meals more often and skipped breakfast and lunch meals more frequently. Obese adolescents were also dissatisfied with their body weight, received more parental encouragement to lose weight and engaged in weight control behaviours more than the healthy weight cohort. Healthy weight adolescents and parents seemed to have more health-related knowledge and experience than obese adolescents and parents. There were no differences in the knowledge, values and beliefs about the health-protective effects of food and regular physical activity between obese and healthy weight Pacific adolescents and their parents. There was sound knowledge observed in the link between food and particular eating habits, physical inactivity and body size to obesity risk and study participants desired to increase their healthful behaviours, particularly amongst the obese. The key difference between healthy weight and obese adolescent households was in parental presence at home. Healthy weight adolescents came from households that were more likely to have a full-time or part-time parent at home. While obese adolescents were more likely to come from households that had both parents working full-time, particularly for sustained periods of time in shift-type working arrangements. Furthermore, all students and parents perceived overweight and underweight bodies undesirable for adverse health consequences, suggesting they understand the link between obesity and health. Most students and parents desired average-sized bodies that were functional, i.e. for adolescents, bodies that could be competent in sports and dance, for Pacific adults, bodies that could achieve daily tasks like housework, childrearing and meeting the needs of the family were desired and valued. This thesis finds that socio-environmental influences like socio-economic position, occupational type, health education and experience were much more instrumental influencers on health behaviours than socio-cultural factors. Attitudes, values and beliefs about food, physical activity and body image, which were comparable between obese and non-obese Pacific adolescents and their parents, were not as influential on health behaviours. Obese adolescents held the same attitudes, beliefs and values about food, physical activity and body image as their healthy-weight counterparts, but these factors were not protective for obesity-risk. To address obesity in Pacific youth in New Zealand, a number of macro-environmental changes are recommended to reverse obesity trends. Developing food pricing control policies to mitigate healthy food costs, revising sustained employment hour policies, making changes to school food and physical activity environments and incentivising healthy workplaces are some suggestions. This study suggests certain structural environmental factors related to poverty affects the health-promoting behaviours of Pacific communities in New Zealand. Future obesity intervention efforts for Pacific groups need to address poverty status and specific interventions that prioritise the elements of motivation, self-esteem, self-confidence and life-skills training as well as making policy changes to structural barriers is likely to be more effective.
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organisation (Who)
ISBN 13 : 9789290610441
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Diet, Food Supply and Obesity in the Pacific written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organisation (Who). This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper attempts to collect documented evidence to examine the relationship between the food supply, dietary patterns and obesity in Pacific countries. It draws on dietary studies and reviews undertaken over the last 80 years and documented accounts of diets since evidence or food crop consumption in the Pacific was established over 28 000 years ago. Section 1 gives a short account of obesity, emphasizing that it is a growing epidemic that has affected urban communities. Section 2 discusses and defines a healthy diet for a population. In section 3, a view of food consumption patterns is given from Pacific pre-civilization and pre-European contact times to show the conservative and homogeneous nature of Pacific communities. Pacific dietary studies are reviewed in section 4, with emphasis on the contributions of micronutrients to energy. The section starts with individual country data, listing countries alphabetically. The food supply is then examined and analyzed, with data from FAO Food Balance Sheets from seven Pacific countries. This section ends with a short account of food dependence. Conclusions are then given in section 5. There is a large reference list, and food supply data are provided in the Annexes.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book PIN written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Laurence Macia
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288974146X
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)
Download or read book Modern Lifestyle and Health: How Changes in the Environment Impacts Immune Function and Physiology written by Laurence Macia and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : May Okihiro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in a Population of Pacific Island Children written by May Okihiro and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tim Gill
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789822039252
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Obesity in the Pacific written by Tim Gill and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Moshe Rapaport
Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824865847
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)
Download or read book The Pacific Islands written by Moshe Rapaport and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific is the last major world region to be discovered by humans. Although small in total land area, its numerous islands and archipelagoes with their startlingly diverse habitats and biotas, extend across a third of the globe. This revised edition of a popular text explores the diverse landforms, climates, and ecosystems of the Pacific island region. Multiple chapters, written by leading specialists, cover the environment, history, culture, population, and economy. The work includes new or completely revised chapters on gender, music, logging, development, education, urbanization, health, ocean resources, and tourism. Throughout two key issues are addressed: the exceptional environmental challenges and the demographic/economic/political challenges facing the region. Although modern technology and media and waves of continental tourists are fast eroding island cultures, the continuing resilience of Pacific island populations is apparent. This is the only contemporary text on the Pacific Islands that covers both environment and sociocultural issues and will thus be indispensable for any serious student of the region. Unlike other reviews, it treats the entirety of Oceania (with the exception of Australia) and is well illustrated with numerous photos and maps, including a regional atlas. Contributors: David Abbott, Dennis A. Ahlburg, Glenn Banks, John Barker, Geoffrey Bertram, David A. Chappell, William C. Clarke, John Connell, Ron Crocombe, Julie Cupples, Derrick Depledge, Colin Filer, Gerard J. Fryer, Patricia Fryer, Brenden S. Holland, E. Alison Kay, David M. Kennedy, Lamont Lindstrom, Rick Lumpkin, Harley I. Manner, Selina Tusitala Marsh, Nancy McDowell, Hamish A. McGowan, Frank McShane, Simon Milne, R. John Morrison, Dieter Mueller-Dombois, Stephen G. Nelson, Patrick D. Nunn, Michael R. Ogden, Andrew Pawley, Jean-Louis Rallu, Vina Ram-Bidesi, Moshe Rapaport, Annette Sachs Robertson, Richard Scaglion, Donovan Storey, Andrew P. Sturman, Lynne D. Talley, James P. Terry, Randolph R. Thaman, Frank R. Thomas, Caroline Vercoe, Terence Wesley-Smith, Paul Wolffram.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781406429299
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (292 download)
Download or read book Healthy Lifestyles written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Mattias Helble
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9784899740858
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Wealthy But Unhealthy written by Mattias Helble and published by . This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asia and the Pacific have recently recorded high rates of not only economic growth but also overweight and obesity, which are important risk factors for diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. Both conditions reduce productivity and thus have a direct impact on economies. Both conditions are also typically chronic and often require lifelong treatment, which burdens households and governments. This book (i) summarizes the knowledge on overweight and obesity in the region; (ii) presents the main determinants of overweight and obesity across countries; (iii) evaluates the economic costs of overweight and obesity, including the negative impact on productivity and higher probability of premature death; and (iv) recommends ways to lower the incidence of overweight based on market and nonmarket-based instruments.
Author : Donald A. P. Bundy
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464804397
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 8) written by Donald A. P. Bundy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More children born today will survive to adulthood than at any time in history. It is now time to emphasize health and development in middle childhood and adolescence--developmental phases that are critical to health in adulthood and the next generation. Child and Adolescent Health and Development explores the benefits that accrue from sustained and targeted interventions across the first two decades of life. The volume outlines the investment case for effective, costed, and scalable interventions for low-resource settings, emphasizing the cross-sectoral role of education. This evidence base can guide policy makers in prioritizing actions to promote survival, health, cognition, and physical growth throughout childhood and adolescence.
