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Author : Tom Kornstad
Publisher : Statistik Sentralbyra
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Empirical Life Cycle Models of Labour Supply and Consumption written by Tom Kornstad and published by Statistik Sentralbyra. This book was released on 1995 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Angus Deaton
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Life-cycle Models of Consumption written by Angus Deaton and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Martin Browning
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Shocks, Stocks and Socks written by Martin Browning and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Orazio P. Attanasio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Consumption Over the Life Cycle and Over the Business Cycle written by Orazio P. Attanasio and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main aim of this paper is to assess the validity of the life cycle model of consumption. In particular, we address an issue that has recently received much attention, especially in the macroeconomic literature: that of "excess sensitivity" of consumption growth to income growth. We do this using a time series of cross sections and a novel and flexible parameterization of preferences. The former allows us to' address aggregation issues directly, while with the latter we can allow both the discount factor and the elasticity of intertemporal substitution eis to be affected by various observable variables and lifetime wealth. The main findings can be summarized as follows: (i) the excess sensitivity of consumption growth to labor income disappears when we control for demographic variables. This is true both at life cycle and business cycle frequencies. (ii) estimation of a flexible specification of preferences indicates that the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is a function of several variables, including the level of consumption. The eis increases with the level of consumption, as expected. (iii) the variables that change the eis are also important in explaining why we observe excess sensitivity over the business cycle. (iv) we are able to reconcile our results with those reported both in the macro and micro literature. (v) in our specification the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is not very well determined. This result, however, should be taken with care, as we have not made an effort to construct a 'preferred' specification, which would probably include additional controls for labor supply behavior. The evidence presented shows that the life cycle model cannot be easily dismissed. Indeed, we believe that the model does a good job at representing consumption behavior both over the life cycle and over the business cycle.
Author : Knut K. Aase
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book The Life Cycle Model with Recursive Utility written by Knut K. Aase and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze optimal consumption, including pensions, during the life time of a consumer using the life cycle model, when the consumer has recursive utility. The model framework is that of continuous-time with diffusion driven uncertainty. The relationship between substitution of consumption and risk aversion is highlighted, and clarified in the context of the life cycle model. We find the optimal consumption in closed form, and illustrate that the recursive utility consumer may prefer to smooth consumption shocks across time and states of the world. This agent consumes and invests to mitigate shocks to the economy, in situations where the conventional consumer is just myopic. This has consequences for what products the financial industry may choose to offer. The resulting model can be used to explain empirical puzzles for aggregates, indicating a plausible choice for the parameters of the utility function, for for the 'average' consumer in the context of life cycle model.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Consumption Over the Life Cycle written by Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper employs a synthetic cohort technique and Consumer Expenditure Survey data to construct average age-profiles of consumption and income over the working lives of typical households across different education and occupation groups. Using these profiles, we estimate a structural model of optimal life-cycle consumption expenditures in the presence of realistic labor income uncertainty. The model fits the profiles quite well. In addition to providing tight estimates of the discount rate and risk aversion, we find that consumer behavior changes strikingly over the life-cycle. Young consumers behave as buffer-stock agents. Around age 40, the typical household starts accumulating liquid assets for retirement, and its behavior mimics more closely that of a certainty equivalent consumer. This change in behavior is mostly driven by the life-cycle profile of expected income. Our methodology provides a natural decomposition of saving into its precautionary and retirement components.
Author : Jeffrey A. Miron
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (152 download)
Download or read book Seasonal Fluctuations and the Life Cycle-permanent Income Model of Consumption written by Jeffrey A. Miron and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent empirical work has found that both aggregate and micro data reject the rational expectations version of the Life Cycle-Permanent Income model of consumption. This paper examines a new possible explanation for the rejections: the treatment of seasonal fluctuations. There are substantial seasonal fluctuations in consumption purchases, but no previous paper has determined whether these fluctuations are consistent with the Life Cycle-Permanent Income model. The results in this paper show that when the seasonal fluctuations in consumption purchases are included in an analysis of the Life Cycle-Permanent Income model there is no evidence in the aggregate data against the model. The estimates of the parameters of agents' utility functions obtained here are plausible, and the data do not reject the overidentifying restrictions on the model
Author : Stephen Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (156 download)
Download or read book Can People Compute? written by Stephen Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the life cycle model in which subjects were asked to make preferred consumption choices under hypothetical life cycle economic conditions. The questions in the experiment are designed to test the model's assumption of rational choice and to elicit information about preferences. The subjects' responses suggest a widespread inability to make coherent and consistent consumption decisions. Errors in consumption decision-making appear to be very substantial and, in many cases, systematic. In addition, the experiment's data strongly reject the standard homothetic, time-separable life cycle model. The principal specific findings of the laboratory experiment are: (1) Subjects displayed significant inconsistencies in their consumption decisions; each of the subjects, in at least two pairs of economically identical situations, chose consumption values that differed by 20 percent or more. From the perspective of the standard life cycle model, error in decision-making accounts, on average, for roughly half of the variation in consumption. (2) A sizeable fraction of subjects undervalued future earnings relative to present assets; i.e., they systematically overdiscounted future earnings. (3) Almost all subjects exhibited oversaving behavior, apparently because they underestimated the power of compound interest. (4) The hypothesis that intertemporal consumption preferences are uniform across individuals is strongly rejected. Indeed, the demographic characteristics of subjects are significant determinants of consumption choice in the experiment
Author : B. Douglas Bernheim
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226044040
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)
Download or read book National Saving and Economic Performance written by B. Douglas Bernheim and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1991-05 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "... Papers presented at a conference held at the Stouffer Wailea Hotel, Maui, Hawaii, January 6-7, 1989. ... part of the Research on Taxation program of the National Bureau of Economic Research." -- p. ix.
Author : Jesús Fernández-Villaverde
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (248 download)
Download or read book Consumption Over the Life Cycle written by Jesús Fernández-Villaverde and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a seminonparametric model and Consumer Expenditure Survey data to estimate life cycle profiles of consumption, controlling for demographics, cohort and time e.ects. In addition to documenting profiles for total and nondurable consumption, we devote special attention to the age expenditure pattern for consumer durables. We find hump-shaped paths over the life cycle for total, for nondurable and for durable expenditures. Changes in household size account for roughly half of these humps. The other half remains unaccounted for by the standard complete markets life cycle model. Our results imply that households do not smooth consumption over their lifetimes. This is especially true for services from consumer durables. Bootstrap simulations suggest that our empirical estimates are tight and sensitivity analysis indicates that the computed profiles are robust to a large number of different specifications
Author : Daniel Shaviro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (139 download)
Download or read book Time Is, Time Was written by Daniel Shaviro and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What time periods should we use in tax and other fiscal policy to evaluate people's circumstances, and thus to determine either how they are being treated, or how they ought to be? This question is both fundamental and pervasive.Standard economic reasoning offers grounds for entirely basing one's thinking on lifetime models. In particular, the closely related permanent income and life cycle hypotheses support employing a purely lifetime perspective in evaluating people's circumstances and treatment. The resulting model posits that people make decisions on a lifetime basis, seeking to optimize lifetime utility in the face of both (1) period-specific declining marginal utility of consumption, and (2) whatever preferences they happen to have as between consumption in different periods. Accordingly, in the presence of complete markets (including a lack of borrowing constraints), the question of when one earns a given dollar ostensibly makes no difference regarding when one spends it on consumption. And equivalently, when one pays a given dollar of tax will make no difference regarding how much one spends in any period.This model applies the same basic logic as a two-goods model in an Economics 101 casebook (featuring, say, pizza and movies), but in a far more complex setting in which its application is considerably more challenging. Despite its ruthless simplification, it likely has some degree of descriptive accuracy. People surely do make some plans across very long time horizons, such as early-life career choice, and subsequent planning (however imperfect it may be) for retirement.Yet the factors that undermine life cycle view's accuracy and normative relevance are not limited to borrowing constraints. Also of crucial importance are people's tendency to treat different periods as effectively separate, and a number of other constraints that would prevent them (even if so minded) from equalizing the marginal utility of consumption as between periods.In sum, therefore, the life cycle model is not sufficiently descriptively accurate to be treated as more than an important orienting benchmark. Like such other “it doesn't matter” theories as the Coase Theorem, the Efficient Markets Hypothesis, and the Modigliani-Miller Theorem, its value lies more in its showing us where to look for falsifying conditions, than in its actual empirical validity.
Author : Jean Pierre Aubry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)
Download or read book Simulation Analysis of a Model Based on the Life-cycle Hypothesis written by Jean Pierre Aubry and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Binder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Life-Cycle Consumption Under Social Interactions written by Michael Binder and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we examine how social interactions affect consumption decisions at various levels of aggregation in a life-cycle economy made up of peer groups. For this purpose, we consider two analytically solvable life-cycle models, one under certainty equivalent behavior and one under prudence, and explicitly allow for three different forms of social interactions in peer groups, namely conformism, altruism, and jealousy. We show that whether social interactions have any effects on individuals' optimal consumption decisions critically depends on intertemporal rather than static considerations. This is true regardless of whether individuals' preferences are time separable or exhibit habit formation, and whether information within peer groups is homogeneous or disparate. It implies that analyzing the effects of social interactions in static rather than intertemporal settings is likely to be misleading. We also show that social interactions, when coupled with either habit formation or prudence, can significantly strengthen the effects of habit formation or prudence in the direction of resolving two well-known puzzles in the literature on the permanent income hypothesis, namely excess smoothness and excess sensitivity.
Author : Tullio Jappelli
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199383170
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book The Economics of Consumption written by Tullio Jappelli and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consumption decisions are crucial determinants of business cycles and growth. Knowledge of how consumers respond to the economic environment and how they react to the risks that they encounter during the life-cycle is therefore important for evaluating stabilization policies and the effectiveness of fiscal packages implemented in response to economic downturns or financial crises. In The Economics of Consumption, Tullio Jappelli and Luigi Pistaferri provide a comprehensive examination of the most important developments in the field of consumption decisions and evaluate economic models against empirical evidence. The first part of the book provides the basic ingredients of economic models of consumption decisions. The central part reviews the empirical literature on the effect of income and wealth changes on consumption and on the relevance of precautionary saving and credit market imperfections. The last chapters extend the basic framework to such important areas as bequests, leisure, lifetime uncertainty, and financial sophistication. Jappelli and Pistaferri shed light on important issues, including how consumption responds to changes in economic resources, how economic circumstances and consumers' characteristics influence behavior, and whether consumption inequality depends on income shocks and their persistence.
Author : John Laitner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Estimating Life-Cycle Parameters from Consumption Behavior at Retirement written by John Laitner and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using pseudo-panel data, we estimate the structural parameters of a life-cycle consumption model with discrete labor supply choice. A focus of our analysis is the abrupt drop in consumption upon retirement for a typical household. The literature sometimes refers to the drop, which in the U.S. Consumer Expenditure Survey we estimate to be approximately 16%, as the "retirement-consumption puzzle." Although a downward step in consumption at retirement contradicts predictions from life-cycle models with additively separable consumption and leisure, or with continuous work-hour options, a consumption jump is consistent with a setup having nonseparable preferences over consumption and leisure and requiring discrete work choices. This paper specifies a life-cycle model with these latter two elements, and it uses the empirical magnitude of the drop in consumption at retirement to provide an advantageous method of identifying structural parameters-most importantly, the intertemporal elasticity of substitution.
Author : Martin Browning
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 54 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (494 download)
Download or read book The Life Cycle Model of Consumption and Saving written by Martin Browning and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
