Author : Ahmad A. Ibrahim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (753 download)
Book Synopsis Lewis Base-catalyzed Formal [2+2] Cycloadditions of Ketenes by : Ahmad A. Ibrahim
Download or read book Lewis Base-catalyzed Formal [2+2] Cycloadditions of Ketenes written by Ahmad A. Ibrahim and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: [Greek letter beta]-Lactones, important targets in synthesis, are integral structural features of many biologically active molecules such as Salinosporamide A, Omuralide, panclicin D and 1233A. [Greek letter beta]-Lactones have also been employed in the synthesis of many natural products. Two important pathways to access [Greek letter beta]-Lactones from ketenes have been reported in the literature. The first pathway to [Greek letter beta]-lactones is through dimerization of ketenes, and the other pathway is through a formal [2+2] cycloaddition of ketenes and aldehydes or ketones. While the asymmetric homodimerization of certain aldoketenes has been reported by Calter and co-workers, our group and Ye's group have communicated independently results in the asymmetric homodimerization of ketoketenes. We have found that Josiphos phosphine catalysts (10 mol% catalyst loading) are optimal nucleophilic catalysts for homodimerization of alkylarylketenes with high asymmetic induction (up to 96% ee), and dialkylketenes (up to 99% yield). We also investigated phosphine-catalyzed formal [2+2} cycloaddition of alkylarylketoketenes and aldehydes and found the chiral diphosphine catalyst R-BINAPHANE to be the optimal catalyst in terms of enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee), diastereoselectivity (dr up to 99:1) and yield. Only a few isolated cases of regioselective heterodimerization of ketenes have been reported in the literature and those have used special ketenes. We have developed a method for accessing ketene heterodimer [Greek letter beta]-lactones in a highly regioselective and enantioselective fashion through the cinchona alkaloid-catalyzed formal [2+2] cycloaddition of various aldoketenes (generated in situ) with ketoketenes (alkylarylketenes and dimethylketene) or trimethylsilylketene. The ketene heterodimers are formed in good to excellent yields (up to 90%) and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%).