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Level Or Growth Which Is More Important Influence Of Human Capital On Spillovers From Foreign Direct Investment
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Book Synopsis Level or Growth, Which is More Important? Influence of Human Capital on Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment by : Abdul Mumit
Download or read book Level or Growth, Which is More Important? Influence of Human Capital on Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment written by Abdul Mumit and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper examines the spillover benefits of foreign direct investment (FDI) in relation to their contribution to economic growth, by utilizing a cross-country panel framework over the last four decades. The findings suggest that only when the host country has a certain threshold level of human capital, FDI contributes positively to economic growth through technology diffusion. It is also found that in general terms, the growth of human capital, and not the level of human capital, in the host economy interacts more strongly with FDI to produce the positive externalities. This indicates that countries can compensate for their lower levels of human capital stock by substituting it with higher rates of human capital growth.
Book Synopsis Making Foreign Direct Investment Work for Sub-Saharan Africa by : Thomas Farole
Download or read book Making Foreign Direct Investment Work for Sub-Saharan Africa written by Thomas Farole and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the results of a groundbreaking study on ‘spillovers’ of knowledge and technology from global value-chain oriented foreign direct investment (FDI) in Sub-Saharan Africa, and discusses implications for policymakers hoping to harness the power of FDI for economic development.
Book Synopsis Trade, foreign direct investment, and international technology transfer : a survey by : Kamal Saggi
Download or read book Trade, foreign direct investment, and international technology transfer : a survey written by Kamal Saggi and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: May 2000 - How much a developing country can take advantage of technology transfer from foreign direct investment depends partly on how well educated and well trained its workforce is, how much it is willing to invest in research and development, and how much protection it offers for intellectual property rights. Saggi surveys the literature on trade and foreign direct investment - especially wholly owned subsidiaries of multinational firms and international joint ventures - as channels for technology transfer. He also discusses licensing and other arm's-length channels of technology transfer. He concludes: How trade encourages growth depends on whether knowledge spillover is national or international. Spillover is more likely to be national for developing countries than for industrial countries; Local policy often makes pure foreign direct investment infeasible, so foreign firms choose licensing or joint ventures. The jury is still out on whether licensing or joint ventures lead to more learning by local firms; Policies designed to attract foreign direct investment are proliferating. Several plant-level studies have failed to find positive spillover from foreign direct investment to firms competing directly with subsidiaries of multinationals. (However, these studies treat foreign direct investment as exogenous and assume spillover to be horizontal - when it may be vertical.) All such studies do find the subsidiaries of multinationals to be more productive than domestic firms, so foreign direct investment does result in host countries using resources more effectively; Absorptive capacity in the host country is essential for getting significant benefits from foreign direct investment. Without adequate human capital or investments in research and development, spillover fails to materialize; A country's policy on protection of intellectual property rights affects the type of industry it attracts. Firms for which such rights are crucial (such as pharmaceutical firms) are unlikely to invest directly in countries where such protections are weak, or will not invest in manufacturing and research and development activities. Policy on intellectual property rights also influences whether technology transfer comes through licensing, joint ventures, or the establishment of wholly owned subsidiaries. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study microfoundations of international technology diffusion. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Microfoundations of International Technology Diffusion. The author may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Human Capital and Inward FDI by : Magnus Blomström
Download or read book Human Capital and Inward FDI written by Magnus Blomström and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Human Capital and Skill Availability On Attraction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Into Regions Within Developing Economies by : Arkadiusz Mironko
Download or read book The Impact of Human Capital and Skill Availability On Attraction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Into Regions Within Developing Economies written by Arkadiusz Mironko and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When making a strategic location choice multinational corporations (MNCs) examine a number of conditions which influence the investment before settling on the location choice that includes human capital and availability of a skilled workforce. This paper will test the importance of the relationship between geographic distribution and clustering of foreign firms and the influence of human capital and skill present in the regions, generally represented by major cities, on the location choice strategy and innovation activity of foreign investors across regions in the host economy of a developing nation.Testing the data on the location of foreign firms and skilled workforce (among other factors) in the regions across Poland, this study finds that a higher level of presence of skilled workforce in the regions tends to attract higher value-added and service-related foreign subsidiaries into them hence, furthering the development of the host cities and regions.Also, the industries with higher amounts of foreign investment tend to narrow their industrial specialization, in some regions including also smaller regions such as Podkarpackie, while Mazowieckie (the leading region) continues to attract higher value-added and service FDI despite the highest labor cost.
Book Synopsis Trade and Human Capital Accumulation by : Dörte Dömeland
Download or read book Trade and Human Capital Accumulation written by Dörte Dömeland and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides empirical evidence that trade increases on-the-job human capital accumulation by estimating the effect of home country openness on estimated returns to home country experience of U.S. immigrants. The positive effect of trade on on-the-job human capital accumulation remains significant when controlling for GDP, educational attainment, and institutional quality. It is not the result of self-selection, heterogeneity in returns to experience, English-speaking origin, or cultural background. The effect persists when restricting the sample to non-OECD countries, thereby resolving the theoretical ambiguity of whether trade increases or decreases learning-by-doing. The role of trade in generating economic growth is therefore likely to be more important than generally considered.
Book Synopsis The Role of Human Capital on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows by : Mohammad Sharif Karimi
Download or read book The Role of Human Capital on Foreign Direct Investment Inflows written by Mohammad Sharif Karimi and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Human Capital (HC) are two areas of paramount importance to the economic growth and prosperity of any developed nation. While FDI and HC individually affect growth, they also reinforce and complement each other with varying effects. Not only have these topics been widely studied, they have also been the inspiration and focal point of two substantial bodies of literature. However, the links between these two engines of growth have been less explored. FDI inflows into developed countries over the past two decades are significantly higher than what developing countries receive and there is a huge gap between them. One of the characteristics of rich industrial economies is the availability of a workforce with a high level of HC. Whether HC has been the key driver of FDI or vice-versa is still a matter of debate.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Human Capital on Economic Growth by : Riyanto Wujarso
Download or read book The Influence of Human Capital on Economic Growth written by Riyanto Wujarso and published by Asadel Publisher. This book was released on 2023-07-09 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Influence of Human Capital on Economic Growth" delves into a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between human capital and regional financial development in West Java Province. This research covers the period from 2017 to 2019 and employs a quantitative research approach using mathematical analysis techniques. To gather data for the analysis, the book relies on secondary sources, specifically the data reports provided by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik or BPS). These reports offer valuable information crucial for understanding the dynamics of regional financial development in West Java Province. The research technique utilized in this study is panel regression, specifically employing the GLS fixed-effect model approach. This statistical method allows for the examination of both cross-sectional and time series data, making it suitable for analyzing the relationship between human capital and regional financial development over a specific time period. The GLS fixed-effect model accounts for individual characteristics of each region in West Java Province, providing a more accurate estimation of the impact of human capital on financial growth. The study's findings shed light on the critical role of human capital, with a specific focus on education, in influencing economic growth in West Java Province. The estimation results highlight the significant impact of the education variable on the region's financial development, emphasizing the importance of investing in education and improving educational infrastructure to enhance the quality of the workforce and stimulate economic growth. While the relationship between human capital and financial development extends beyond education alone, the estimation results reveal education as the most dominant factor influencing financial development in West Java Province. Therefore, efforts to improve the education level of the workforce should be prioritized to enhance productivity and drive economic progress. Based on the research findings, the book proposes recommendations for the local governments in West Java Province. It suggests a substantial increase in regional expenditure allocations specifically dedicated to the education and health sectors to improve the quality of education and healthcare. By prioritizing human capital development and creating an enabling environment for skills enhancement, West Java Province can pave the way for sustainable and inclusive financial growth. "The Influence of Human Capital on Economic Growth" provides valuable insights into the impact of human capital on regional financial development in West Java Province. It emphasizes the significant role of education in fostering economic growth and calls for increased investments in education and health sectors. By prioritizing human capital development and creating an enabling environment for skills enhancement, West Java Province can pave the way for sustainable and inclusive financial growth.
Book Synopsis How Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Exploring the Effects of Financial Markets on Linkages by : Laura Alfaro
Download or read book How Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth? Exploring the Effects of Financial Markets on Linkages written by Laura Alfaro and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The empirical literature finds mixed evidence on the existence of positive productivity externalities in the host country generated by foreign multinational companies. We propose a mechanism that emphasizes the role of local financial markets in enabling foreign direct investment (FDI) to promote growth through backward linkages, shedding light on this empirical ambiguity. In a small open economy, final goods production is carried out by foreign and domestic firms, which compete for skilled labor, unskilled labor, and intermediate products. To operate a firm in the intermediate goods sector, entrepreneurs must develop a new variety of intermediate good, a task that requires upfront capital investments. The more developed the local financial markets, the easier it is for credit constrained entrepreneurs to start their own firms. The increase in the number of varieties of intermediate goods leads to positive spillovers to the final goods sector. As a result financial markets allow the backward linkages between foreign and domestic firms to turn into FDI spillovers. Our calibration exercises indicate that a) holding the extent of foreign presence constant, financially well-developed economies experience growth rates that are almost twice those of economies with poor financial markets, b) increases in the share of FDI or the relative productivity of the foreign firm leads to higher additional growth in financially developed economies compared to those observed in financially under-developed ones, and c) other local conditions such as market structure and human capital are also important to generate a positive effect of FDI on economic growth.
Book Synopsis Human Capital as a Determinant of FDI Technology Spillovers and Its Threshold Effects in China by : Miao Fu
Download or read book Human Capital as a Determinant of FDI Technology Spillovers and Its Threshold Effects in China written by Miao Fu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the absorbtive capacity of human capital for foreign direct investment technology spillovers using threshold regression. Shows that while most developed countries exceed the sign-change threshold of 10,99 per cent, other developing countries (incl. China) are below that threshod. Finds interregional technology transfer between advanced and backwarded regions. Reveals that economic growth in the past was capital-driven, but is becoming more technology-driven.
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment for Development Maximising benefits, minimising costs by : OECD
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment for Development Maximising benefits, minimising costs written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2002-09-24 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive review of the issues related to the impact of FDI on development as well as to the policies needed to maximise the benefits.
Book Synopsis Does it Matter where You Come From? by : Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik
Download or read book Does it Matter where You Come From? written by Beata K. Smarzynska Javorcik and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Javorcik, Saggi, and Spatareanu use a firm-level panel data set from Romania to examine whether the nationality of foreign investors affects the degree of vertical spillovers from foreign direct investment. Investors' country of origin may matter for spillovers to domestic producers in upstream sectors (supplying intermediate inputs) in two ways. First, the share of intermediate inputs sourced by multinationals from a host country is likely to increase with the distance between the host and the source economy. Second, the sourcing pattern is likely to be affected by preferential trade agreements that cover some but not other source economies. In this case, the Association Agreement signed between Romania and the European Union (EU) implies that inputs sourced from the EU are subject to a lower tariff than inputs sourced from America or Asia. Moreover, while for European investors intermediate inputs sourced from home country suppliers comply with the rules of origin and thus can be exported to the EU on preferential terms, this would not be the case for home country suppliers of American or Asian multinationals. Therefore, one would expect that American and Asian investors source more from Romania than EU investors and thus present greater potential for vertical spillovers. The empirical analysis produces evidence in support of the authors' hypothesis. They find a positive association between the presence of American and Asian companies in downstream sectors and the productivity of Romanian firms in the supplying industries. Further, the productivity of Romanian firms in the supplying sectors is negatively correlated with operations of European investors in downstream sectors. The differences between the effects associated with investors of different origin are statistically significant. This paper--a product of the Trade Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effects of foreign direct investment on developing countries"--World Bank web site.
Author :Centre for Educational Research and Innovation Publisher :Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development ISBN 13 : Total Pages :128 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Human Capital Investment by : Centre for Educational Research and Innovation
Download or read book Human Capital Investment written by Centre for Educational Research and Innovation and published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development. This book was released on 1998 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment in human capital is to the fore of debate and analysis in OECD countries about how to promote economic prosperity, fuller employment, and social cohesion. Individuals, organisations and nations increasingly recognise that high levels of know
Book Synopsis Foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Economic Growth by : Shahid Ahmed
Download or read book Foreign Direct Investment, Trade and Economic Growth written by Shahid Ahmed and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the opportunities and challenges in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and trade, particularly service trade, for developing and emerging economies in a globalised world. Using comprehensive case studies from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries, it explores various channels through which trade and FDI affect the process of economic growth and development. In particular, it determines growth trajectories impelled by service trade (such as telecommunications, transport, finance and distribution), where developing countries are playing an increasingly significant role. It also discusses value chains and production networks in the backdrop of the financial crisis of 2008. Combining theoretical and empirical tools, rigorous methodology and latest data, this work will serve as an important resource for formulation of international trade and economic policies in developing countries. It will be of special interest to students, researchers and policy makers dealing with international trade and FDI, and those in economics, commerce, business & management and political science.
Book Synopsis Regional Inequality in China by : Shenggen Fan
Download or read book Regional Inequality in China written by Shenggen Fan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-04 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As regional inequality looms large in the policy debate in China, this volume brings together a selection of papers from authors whose work has had real impact on policy, so that researchers and policy makers can have access to them in one place.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Human Capital on Inwards FDI by : Artane Rizvanolli
Download or read book The Effect of Human Capital on Inwards FDI written by Artane Rizvanolli and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A country's human capital has been neglected as a potential determinant of inwards foreign direct investment (FDI), both in theory and empirical research. When human capital has been included in models of the determinants of FDI, it appears simply as a control variable or one of the variables in a "kitchen sink" approach, usually without any theoretical rationale for its inclusion or critical discussion of the measures used. The mis-specification that may result from this is advanced as one of the potential explanations for the very diverse findings in previous literature and the failure of the meta-regression analysis (MRA) reported in this thesis to find an 'authentic' effect of human capital on inwards FDI. Accordingly, this research seeks to fill this gap, by identifying the mechanism through which human capital is expected to attract! FDI to European transition economies and drawing conclusions about the most appropriate measures of human capital given the characteristics of the former communist (education) system. The ' productivity-enhancing' skills and traits that (foreign) investors are likely to value in such economies are identified and the manner in which these skills are developed is analysed. In the light of this analysis the conventional human capital measures used in empirical analyses are critically assessed. These contributions are used to develop an empirical model for estimating the effect of human capital on inwards FD[ at country-, sector- and industry-level in 12 European transition economies during the period 1995-2008. Consistent with the results of previous studies. as suggested by the MRA, no significant effect of traditional volume measures of human capital on FDI inflows/stocks/stocks is found. However, some evidence is presented in this thesis indicating that the quality dimension of human capital as measured by cognitive skills proxies may affect inwards 1--"01 in the manufacturing sector. Accordingly, several potential explanations for the findings and some of their implications for future macro-level research focusing on the effects of human capital are explored.
Book Synopsis Human Capital Spillovers, Labor Migration and Regional Development in China by : Yuming Fu
Download or read book Human Capital Spillovers, Labor Migration and Regional Development in China written by Yuming Fu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study applies unique data from the 1990s period of economic liberalization in China to evaluate the effects of human capital spillovers on urbanization and regional agglomeration of human capital. We examine these effects via a utility maximizing directional migration model, which accounts for heterogeneous migration costs and benefits among population strata. We use model estimates to decompose and evaluate human capital spillover effects as derive from three distinct sources, including productivity effects (social returns to schooling), skill premia (skill complementarity in production), and non-wage benefits (quality of life and learning opportunities). In contrast to extant literature emphasizing skill complementarity, we find significantly stronger non-wage than wage effects in the determination of regional human capital agglomeration. However, among low-skill migrants, non-wage benefits are substantially reduced - due likely to urban segregation that deprives low-skill migrants of social externalities. This finding suggests limited human capital spillovers among low-skill migrants and hence dampened long-run growth benefits to Chinese urbanization. Finally, we find that urban concentration of skilled workers was more important than foreign direct investment, the prominent source of technology transfer in China during the 1990s, in attracting skilled workers.
