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Leaching Mechanisms Of Nuclear Waste Forms
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Book Synopsis Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms by : Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Materials Characterization Center
Download or read book Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms written by Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Materials Characterization Center and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Workshop on the Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms, October 27-28, 1981 by : John E. Mendel
Download or read book Workshop on the Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms, October 27-28, 1981 written by John E. Mendel and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Materials Characterization Center Workshop on Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms, May 19-21, 1982, Gaithersburg, MD by : John E. Mendel
Download or read book Materials Characterization Center Workshop on Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms, May 19-21, 1982, Gaithersburg, MD written by John E. Mendel and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Materials Characterization Center Workshop on the Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms, December 7-8, 1982, Thousand Oaks, CA by : J. E. Mendel
Download or read book Materials Characterization Center Workshop on the Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms, December 7-8, 1982, Thousand Oaks, CA written by J. E. Mendel and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Materials Characterization Center Workshop on Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms, May 19-21, 1982, Gaithersburg, Maryland. Summary Report by :
Download or read book Materials Characterization Center Workshop on Leaching Mechanisms of Nuclear Waste Forms, May 19-21, 1982, Gaithersburg, Maryland. Summary Report written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a report of the second workshop on the leaching mechanism of nuclear waste forms, which was held at Geithersburg, Maryland, May 19-21, 1982. The first session of the workshop was devoted to progress reports by participants in the leaching mechanisms program. These progress reports, as prepared by the participants, are given in Section 3.0. The goal of the remainder of the workshop was to exchange information on the development of repository-relevant leach testing techniques, often called interactions testing. To this end, a wide spectrum of investigators, many of whose work is sponsored by DOE's Nuclear Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) project, made presentations at the workshop. These presentations were a significant and beneficial part of the workshop and are summarized in Sections 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 according to the workshop agenda topics. In many cases, the presenters provided a written version of their presentation which has been included verbatim; in the other cases, the workshop chairman has supplied a brief synopsis. Twenty-one papers have been abstracted and indexed for inclusion in the data base.
Book Synopsis Study of Leaching Mechanisms of Ions Incorporated in Cement Or PolymerTask 3 by :
Download or read book Study of Leaching Mechanisms of Ions Incorporated in Cement Or PolymerTask 3 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Leaching Mechanisms of Solidified Low-level Waste. The Literature Survey by :
Download or read book Leaching Mechanisms of Solidified Low-level Waste. The Literature Survey written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literature survey on leaching mechanisms, available mathematical models and factors that affect leaching from solidified low-level radioactive waste (LLW) was compiled. Physicochemical mechanisms identified include diffusion, dissolution, ion exchange, corrosion and surface effects. Diffusion was generally considered to be the predominant mechanism in LLW leachability. However, this hierarchy of importance has been strongly questioned for waste forms containing soluble salts and has been shown to be invalid for waste forms incorporating sorbents which control the release of radionuclides by ion exchange. Leaching behavior was modeled both mathematically for curve fitting to leaching data and by consideration of physical and chemical interactions within and between solidification agents, waste materials and additives, if any. Physicochemical analyses of bitumen and polymer solidification agents have considered them to be inert encapsulants with limited water permeability. All of the mathematical models are derived from solutions to the diffusion equation. Other mechanistic processes are included as additional terms in the equation. No comprehensive evaluations of mathematical models for LLW based on curve fitting to data were found in the literature. Factors that affect leaching have been categorized as system factors, leachant factors and waste form factors. System factors include temperature, pressure, radiation, time and the ratio of waste form area to leachant volume. Leachant factors include pH, Eh, flow or replacement frequency and composition while waste form factors include composition, surface condition, porosity and surface area to volume ratio. Information from the literature is reported for each of these factors. 75 refs., 2 figs., 4 tabs.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Temperature on the Leaching Behavior of Cement Waste Forms by :
Download or read book The Effects of Temperature on the Leaching Behavior of Cement Waste Forms written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leaching mechanisms of simulated low-level radioactive waste forms are being determined as support for development of an accelerated leach test. Two approaches are being used: (1) comparisons of leaching data with results of a model that describes diffusion from a finite cylinder, and (2) observation of the leaching process at temperatures between 20°C and 65°C. To provide results that can be used for modeling, leaching at elevated temperatures must change neither the leaching mechanism nor the structural controls of leaching such as the porosity. Releases of 137Cs, 85Sr, calcium, sodium and potassium from portland cement containing sodium sulfate, as a simulated evaporator sludge, have been determined under a variety of experimental conditions. Data from the leach tests were compared to model results for diffusion from the finite cylinder. While most leaching appears to be diffusion controlled, notable exceptions occur. For all samples activation energies ranging between 6 and 11 Kcal/mole have been calculated from the relationship of the effective diffusion coefficient to increasing temperature, close to the expected value of 5 Kcal/mole for diffusion. 11 refs., 4 figs., 2 tabs.
Book Synopsis Leaching Studies of Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms by : R. Dayal
Download or read book Leaching Studies of Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by R. Dayal and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Leaching Studies of Cement-based Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms by : H. Arora
Download or read book Leaching Studies of Cement-based Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by H. Arora and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Leaching of Radioactive Isotopes from Waste Solids by : Donald S. Cohen
Download or read book Leaching of Radioactive Isotopes from Waste Solids written by Donald S. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis New Developments in Glassy Nuclear Wasteforms by : Michael I. Ojovan
Download or read book New Developments in Glassy Nuclear Wasteforms written by Michael I. Ojovan and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the authors' recent investigations, this book describes the application of glassy and polyphase composite materials for nuclear waste immobilisation. It introduces immobilisation issues beginning with a short description of nuclear waste types and compositions. Sources of nuclear waste are described including the nuclear fuel cycle, operational and spent nuclear fuel reprocessing waste streams. The glassy waste forms currently being used for high-, intermediate- and low level radioactive waste immobilisation are described. Problems related to immobilisation capacity, process efficiency and long-term radionucleide retention are highlighted. Scientific and technical problems in nuclear waste immobilisation are emphasised in particular long-term waste form stability and durability. Recent developments in advanced nuclear waste forms are described such as glass composite materials (GCM) with higher versatility and waste loading. New immobilisation approaches and technologies are described including advanced cold crucible induction melting (CCM), self sustaining thermochemical immobilisation (SSI), and in-situ self-sintering in deep underground repositories. Long-term durability tests of nuclear waste glasses are outlined and the role of ion-exchange phase in glass corrosion is described in detail.
Book Synopsis Low-level Radioactive Waste Research Program Plan by : Edward O'Donnell
Download or read book Low-level Radioactive Waste Research Program Plan written by Edward O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Leaching of Low and Medium Level Waste Packages Under Disposal Conditions by : M. Dozol
Download or read book Leaching of Low and Medium Level Waste Packages Under Disposal Conditions written by M. Dozol and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-08-31 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leaching tests are conducted according to different standards, pro cedures or recommendations, generally under conditions different from those of the disposal media. Such tests are generally useful for com paring various containment matrices to ensure maximum isolation of radionuclides, and allow waste conditioning processes to be optimized. However, when defining release hypotheses to be taken into consideration for risk analysis, these methods can often lead to hypothesis which are either too optimistic or too pessimistic. The uncertainties basically involve the processes by which containers deteriorate during transport, handling and utlimate storage. Moreover, the interpretation of test results must be more clearly correlated with the known physico-chemical mechanisms involved. In attempting to find an answer to this question, tests have already the recovery been undertaken, including the use of lysimeter devices or of waste materials after several years of storage. The aim of the seminar was to exchange views among experts in characterization, waste management and safety analysis for the purpose of defining the principal actions that could be undertaken or of reorienting ongoing studies in order to limit the uncertainties involved.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Survey of the Factors that Affect Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms by :
Download or read book An Experimental Survey of the Factors that Affect Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report represents the results of an experimental survey of the factors that affect leaching from several types of solidified low-level radioactive waste forms. The goal of these investigations was to determine those factors that accelerate leaching without changing its mechanism(s). Typically, although not in every case, the accelerating factors include: increased temperature, increased waste loading (i.e., increased waste to binder ratio), and decreased size (i.e., decreased waste form volume to surface area ratio). Additional factors that were studied were: increased leachant volume to waste form surface area ratio, pH, leachant composition (groundwaters, natural and synthetic chelating agents), leachant flow rate or replacement frequency and waste form porosity and surface condition. Other potential factors, including the radiation environment and pressure, were omitted based on a survey of the literature. 82 refs., 236 figs., 13 tabs.
Book Synopsis Materials Characterization Center Workshop on Leaching of Radioactive Waste Forms. Summary Report by :
Download or read book Materials Characterization Center Workshop on Leaching of Radioactive Waste Forms. Summary Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the first Materials Characterization Center (MCC) workshop, on the leaching of radioactive waste forms, there was general agreement that, after certain revisions, the proposed leach test plan set forth by the MCC can be expected to meet most of the nuclear waste community's waste form durability data requirements. The revisions give a clearer definition of the purposes of each test and the end uses of the data. As a result of the workshop, the format of the test program has been recast to clarify the purposes, limitations, and interrelationships of the individual tests. There was also a recognition that the leach test program must be based on an understanding of the mechanistic principles of leaching, and that further study is needed to ensure that the approved data from the MCC leach tests will be compatible with mechanistic research needs. It was agreed that another meeting of the participants in Working Groups 3 and 4, and perhaps some other experts, should be held as soon as possible to focus just on the definition of leach test requirements for mechanistic research. The MCC plans to hold this meeting in April 1980. Many of the tests that will lead to increased understanding of mechanisms will of necessity be long-term tests, sometimes lasting for several years. But the MCC also faces pressing needs to produce approved data that can be used for the comparison of waste forms in the relative near-term, i.e., in the next 1 to 3 yr. Therefore, it was decided to initiate a round-robin test of the MCC short-term static leach procedure as soon as practicable. The MCC has tentative plans for organization of the round robin in May 1980.
Book Synopsis An Experimental Survey of the Factors that Affect Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms by : D. Dougherty
Download or read book An Experimental Survey of the Factors that Affect Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by D. Dougherty and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
