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Leaching Low Level Radioactive Waste In Simulated Disposal Conditions
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Book Synopsis Leaching Low-Level Radioactive Waste in Simulated Disposal Conditions by : LP. Buckley
Download or read book Leaching Low-Level Radioactive Waste in Simulated Disposal Conditions written by LP. Buckley and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leaching tests formally recognized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) or by the American Nuclear Society (ANS) are used to evaluate the release of radioactivity from a waste form under idealized conditions. These conditions do not represent the reality of disposal environments, where engineered barriers are in place to limit access of water and to retard the migration of radionuclides into the biosphere. A test program underway at Chalk River, Ontario is attempting to provide an understanding of the release and transport of radionuclides under more realistic conditions. Preliminary results indicate that releases are suppressed by at least an order of magnitude when the effects of barriers in a repository failure are considered. However, migration mechanisms cannot be fully explained by classical concepts involving saturated flow. Research effort is now focused on measurements in an unsaturated, reducing environment, the condition which will be expected to be found in a well-designed repository.
Book Synopsis Leaching of Low and Medium Level Waste Packages Under Disposal Conditions by : M. Dozol
Download or read book Leaching of Low and Medium Level Waste Packages Under Disposal Conditions written by M. Dozol and published by Springer. This book was released on 1986-08-31 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leaching tests are conducted according to different standards, pro cedures or recommendations, generally under conditions different from those of the disposal media. Such tests are generally useful for com paring various containment matrices to ensure maximum isolation of radionuclides, and allow waste conditioning processes to be optimized. However, when defining release hypotheses to be taken into consideration for risk analysis, these methods can often lead to hypothesis which are either too optimistic or too pessimistic. The uncertainties basically involve the processes by which containers deteriorate during transport, handling and utlimate storage. Moreover, the interpretation of test results must be more clearly correlated with the known physico-chemical mechanisms involved. In attempting to find an answer to this question, tests have already the recovery been undertaken, including the use of lysimeter devices or of waste materials after several years of storage. The aim of the seminar was to exchange views among experts in characterization, waste management and safety analysis for the purpose of defining the principal actions that could be undertaken or of reorienting ongoing studies in order to limit the uncertainties involved.
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Leaching Studies of Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms by :
Download or read book Leaching Studies of Low-level Radioactive Waste Forms written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A research program has been under way at the Brookhaven National Laboratory to investigate the radionuclide release behavior of ion exchange bead resin waste solidified in Portland cement. An important aspect of this program is to develop and evaluate testing procedures and methodologies which enable the long-term performance evaluation of waste forms under simulated field conditions. Cesium and strontium release behavior using a range of testing procedures, including intermittent leachant flow conditions, has been investigated. For cyclic wet/dry leaching tests, extended dry periods tend to enhance the release of Cs and suppress the release of Sr. Under extended wet period leaching conditions, however, both Cs and Sr exhibit suppressed releases. In contrast, radionuclide releases observed under continuously saturated leaching conditions, as represented by conventional leaching tests, are significantly different. The relevance and aplicability of these laboratory data obtained under a wide range of leaching conditions to the performance evaluation of waste forms under anticipated field conditions is discussed. 12 refs., 9 figs., 3 tabs.
Book Synopsis Environmental Aspects of Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes by : Pierre Côté
Download or read book Environmental Aspects of Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes written by Pierre Côté and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1989 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Mechanistic Model for Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Packages by :
Download or read book A Mechanistic Model for Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Packages written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of a waste leaching model to predict radionuclide releases from porous wastes in corrodible outer containers in unsaturated conditions and/or conditions of intermittent water flow is summarized in this paper. Three major processes have been conceptualized as necessarily participating in waste leaching: infiltration of water to the waste package; interaction of this water with the waste; and exit of radionuclide-laden water from the waste package. Through the exit point, the main features of the whole leaching process are held in common. The departure occurs in two main ways: 1) the method of entrance of the radionuclides to leachant (i.e., part of the waste-water interaction phase outlined earlier); and 2) the mode of exit from the waste form/waste package (i.e., the exit of radionuclide-laden water phase). The first branching point, which occurs in relation to 1), leads to either readily soluble species directly entering leachant on contact, or to other processes)emdash) mainly expected to be diffusion, dissolution or ion exchange, or some combination thereof. All of these latter processes will be slow compared to the first branch (ready solubilization). The modeling work presented here concentrates on early releases due to the accessing and solubilization readily available radionuclides (i.e., the waste-water interaction phase has been discussed for accessible, soluble species). The exit mode phase, 2) above, has been divided into a rinsing mechanism and a diffusion mechanism. Results of each of the modeled exit mechanisms are presented and discussed. 20 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.
Book Synopsis Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Book Synopsis Prediction of Waste Leaching from Solidified Low-level Radioactive Waste by : Alaeddin B. Tahboub
Download or read book Prediction of Waste Leaching from Solidified Low-level Radioactive Waste written by Alaeddin B. Tahboub and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimization of the Factors that Accelerate Leaching by :
Download or read book Optimization of the Factors that Accelerate Leaching written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prediction of long-term leachability of low-level radioactive waste forms is an essential element of disposal-site performance assessment. This report describes experiments and modeling techniques used to develop an accelerated leach test that meets this need. The acceleration in leaching rates caused by the combinations of two or more factors were experimentally determined. These factors were identified earlier as being able to individually accelerate leaching. They are: elevated temperature, the size of the waste form, the ratio of the volume of leachant to the surface area of the waste form, and the frequency of replacement of the leachant. The solidification agents employed were ones that are currently used to treat low-level radioactive wastes, namely portland type I cement, bitumen, and vinyl ester-styrene. The simulated wastes, sodium sulfate, sodium tetraborate, and incinerator ash, are simplified representatives of typical low-level waste streams. Experiments determined the leaching behavior of the radionuclides of cesium (Cs-137), strontium (Sr-85), and cobalt (Co-60 or Co-57) from several different formulations of solidification agents and waste types. Leaching results were based upon radiochemical and elemental analyses of aliquots of the leachate, and on its total alkalinity and pH at various times during the experiment (up to 120 days). Solid phase analyses were carried out by Scanning/Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy on the waste forms before and after some leaching experiments. 43 refs., 96 figs., 16 tabs.
Download or read book Soil Screening Guidance written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Leaching Behavior of Nuclear Waste Glasses Under Laboratory Simulated Repository Conditions by : Rajani Adiga
Download or read book Leaching Behavior of Nuclear Waste Glasses Under Laboratory Simulated Repository Conditions written by Rajani Adiga and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Mechanistic Model for Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Packages by :
Download or read book A Mechanistic Model for Leaching from Low-level Radioactive Waste Packages written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Computerized Data Base for Low-level Radioactive Waste Leaching Data by :
Download or read book Development of a Computerized Data Base for Low-level Radioactive Waste Leaching Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents the development of a computerized data base (db) of leaching data for solidified low-level radioactive waste (LLW) forms. Brookhaven National Lab performed this work under contract with the US Department of Energy's Low-Level Waste Management Program as part of an effort to develop an accelerated leach test(s) that can be used to predict leachabilities of LLW forms over long time periods, i.e., hundreds of years. The accelerated leach test(s) is (are) to be developed based on knowledge of leaching mechanisms and factors that affect leaching. Although developed specifically for the Accelerated Leach Test(s) Program, this db may be useful to others concerned with the management of low-level waste. The db is being developed to provide efficient data compilation and analysis capabilities. The data compiled in the db, which include data from the Accelerated Leach Test(s) Program and selected data from the literature, have been selected to elucidate leaching mechanisms and factors that affect leaching and are not meant to be a comprehensive compilation of leaching data. This report presents the data compilation aspect of the db. It does not present the programmatic results obtained from analysis of the data regarding leaching mechanisms and factors that affect leaching, which will be presented in reports from the Accelerated Leach Test(s) Program. 6 refs.
Book Synopsis Leaching of Low and Medium Level Waste Packages Under Disposal Conditions by :
Download or read book Leaching of Low and Medium Level Waste Packages Under Disposal Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Computerized Data Base for Low-level Radioactive Waste Leaching Data by : D. Dougherty
Download or read book Development of a Computerized Data Base for Low-level Radioactive Waste Leaching Data written by D. Dougherty and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis End-Of-life Management by : International Renewable Energy Agency
Download or read book End-Of-life Management written by International Renewable Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2016-06 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar photovoltaic (PV) deployment has grown at unprecedented rates since the early 2000s. As the global PV market increases, so will the volume of decommissioned PV panels, and large amounts of annual waste are anticipated by the early 2030s. Growing PV panel waste presents a new environmental challenge, but also unprecedented opportunities to create value and pursue new economic avenues.This report, prepared jointly by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the International Energy Agency Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA-PVPS), is the first-ever projection of PV panel waste volumes to 2050. It highlights that recycling or repurposing solar PV panels at the end of their roughly 30-year lifetime can unlock an estimated stock of 78 million tonnes of raw materials and other valuable components globally by 2050. If fully injected back into the economy, the value of the recovered material could exceed USD 15 billion by 2050.
