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Languages Of Chitral
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Book Synopsis Khowar-English Dictionary by : Mohammad Ismail Sloan
Download or read book Khowar-English Dictionary written by Mohammad Ismail Sloan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Khowar is spoken in Northern Pakistan and is the predominant language of Chitral. It is also spoken in Gilgit and Upper Swat. There are reports of Khowar speakers in Tajikistan. The total estimated number of Khowar speakers is 300,000. Chitral has been in the news lately because of the reports that Osama bin Laden is hiding here. We do not believe that he is here, but as long as you think so, it is great for business. Many of us will hire ourselves out as guides, to help you search for Osama, for a good price of course. This dictionary was originally published in the Tribal Area of NWFP Pakistan in 1981. It received a tremendous amount of publicity, of the negative kind, because of the explicit terms that were not commonly found in the dictionaries of Pakistan at that time. At least that made it probably the best known dictionary of a minority language ever published.
Book Synopsis A grammar of Palula by : Henrik Liljegren
Download or read book A grammar of Palula written by Henrik Liljegren and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This grammar provides a grammatical description of Palula, an Indo-Aryan language of the Shina group. The language is spoken by about 10,000 people in the Chitral district in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. This is the first extensive description of the formerly little-documented Palula language, and is one of only a few in-depth studies available for languages in the extremely multilingual Hindukush-Karakoram region. The grammar is based on original fieldwork data, collected over the course of about ten years, commencing in 1998. It is primarily in the form of recorded, mainly narrative, texts, but supplemented by targeted elicitation as well as notes of observed language use. All fieldwork was conducted in close collaboration with the Palula-speaking community, and a number of native speakers took active part in the process of data gathering, annotation and data management. The main areas covered are phonology, morphology and syntax, illustrated with a large number of example items and utterances, but also a few selected lexical topics of some prominence have received a more detailed treatment as part of the morphosyntactic structure. Suggestions for further research that should be undertaken are given throughout the grammar. The approach is theory-informed rather than theory-driven, but an underlying functional-typological framework is assumed. Diachronic development is taken into account, particularly in the area of morphology, and comparisons with other languages and references to areal phenomena are included insofar as they are motivated and available. The description also provides a brief introduction to the speaker community and their immediate environment.
Book Synopsis Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Languages of Chitral by : Calvin Ross Rensch
Download or read book Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan: Languages of Chitral written by Calvin Ross Rensch and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Languages and Races of Dardistan by : Gottlieb William Leitner
Download or read book The Languages and Races of Dardistan written by Gottlieb William Leitner and published by . This book was released on 1876 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chitrál: the Story of a Minor Siege by : Sir George Scott Robertson
Download or read book Chitrál: the Story of a Minor Siege written by Sir George Scott Robertson and published by . This book was released on 1898 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Languages of India by : Sir George Abraham Grierson
Download or read book The Languages of India written by Sir George Abraham Grierson and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Indo-Aryan Languages by : Danesh Jain
Download or read book The Indo-Aryan Languages written by Danesh Jain and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-07-26 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Indo-Aryan languages are spoken by at least 700 million people throughout India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka and the Maldive Islands. They have a claim to great antiquity, with the earliest Vedic Sanskrit texts dating to the end of the second millennium B.C. With texts in Old Indo-Aryan, Middle Indo-Aryan and Modern Indo-Aryan, this language family supplies a historical documentation of language change over a longer period than any other subgroup of Indo-European. This volume is divided into two main sections dealing with general matters and individual languages. Each chapter on the individual language covers the phonology and grammar (morphology and syntax) of the language and its writing system, and gives the historical background and information concerning the geography of the language and the number of its speakers.
Book Synopsis The Relief of Chitral by : George John Younghusband
Download or read book The Relief of Chitral written by George John Younghusband and published by . This book was released on 1895 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Languages of Kohistan by : Calvin Ross Rensch
Download or read book Languages of Kohistan written by Calvin Ross Rensch and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Indo-Aryan Languages by : Colin P. Masica
Download or read book The Indo-Aryan Languages written by Colin P. Masica and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-09-09 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his ambitious survey of the Indo-Aryan languages, Colin Masica has provided a fundamental introduction which will interest not only general and theoretical linguists but also students of one or more of these languages who want to acquaint themselves with the broader linguistic context. Generally synchronic in approach, concentrating on the phonology, morphology and syntax of the modern representatives of the group, the volume also covers their historical development, areal context, writing systems and aspects of sociolinguistics. The survey is organised not on a language-by-language basis but by topic, so that salient theoretical issues may be discussed in a comparative context.
Book Synopsis Lesser-Known Languages of South Asia by : Anju Saxena
Download or read book Lesser-Known Languages of South Asia written by Anju Saxena and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing globalization and centralization in the world is threatening the existence of a large number of smaller languages. In South Asia some locally dominant languages (e.g., Hindi, Urdu, Nepali) are gaining ground beside English at the expense of the lesser-known languages. Despite a long history of stable multilingualism, language death is not uncommon in the South Asian context. We do not know how the language situation in South Asia will be affected by modern information and communication technologies: Will cultural and linguistic diversity be strengthened or weakened as they become increasingly prevalent in all walks of life? This volume brings together areas of research that so far do not interact to any significant extent: traditional South Asian descriptive linguistics and sociolinguistics, documentary linguistics, issues of intellectual and cultural property and fieldwork ethics, and language technology. Researchers working in the areas of documentary linguistics and language technology have become aware of each other in the last few years, and of how work in the other area could be potentially useful in furthering their own aims. Similarly, the insights of documentary linguistics are making their way into descriptive linguistics and sociolinguistics. However, the potential for synergy among these areas of research is almost limitless. This volume provides the reader, not so much with a do-it-yourself recipe for applying modern technology to the problem of language shift in South Asia today, but rather with some basic knowledge about the problems involved and some directions from which solutions could be forthcoming, a toolbox rather than a blueprint, for helping to shape the linguistic future of South Asia.
Book Synopsis Dictionary of Languages by : Andrew Dalby
Download or read book Dictionary of Languages written by Andrew Dalby and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the political, social and historical background of each language, Dictionary of Languages offers a unique insight into human culture and communication. Every language with official status is included, as well as all those that have a written literature and 175 'minor' languages with special historical or anthropological interest. We see how, with the rapidly increasing uniformity of our culture as media's influence spreads, more languages have become extinct or are under threat of extinction. The text is highlighted by maps and charts of scripts, while proverbs, anecdotes and quotations reveal the features that make a language unique.
Book Synopsis International Encyclopedia of Linguistics by : William Frawley
Download or read book International Encyclopedia of Linguistics written by William Frawley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-05 with total page 2198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2nd Edition encompasses the full range of the contemporary field of linguistics, including historical, comparative, formal, mathematical, functional, and philosophical linguistics with special attention given to interrelations within branches of linguistics and to relations of linguistics with other disciplines. Areas of intersection with the social and behavioral sciences--ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and behavioral linguistics--receive major coverage, along with interdisciplinary work in language and literature, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics, and applied linguistics.Longer entries in the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, ranging up to four thousand words, survey the major fields of study--for example, anthropological linguistics, history of linguistics, semantics, and phonetics. Shorter entries treat specific topics within these fields, such as code switching, sound symbolism, and syntactic features. Other short entries define and discuss technical terms used within the various subfields or provide sketches of the careers of important scholars in the history of linguistics, such as Leonard Bloomfield, Roman Jakobson, and Edward Sapir.A major portion of the work is its extensive coverage of languages and language families. From those as familiar as English, Japanese, and the Romance languages to Hittite, Yoruba, and Nahuatl, all corners of the world receive treatment. Languages that are the subject of independent entries are analyzed in terms of their phonology, grammatical features, syntax, and writing systems. Lists attached to each article on a language group or family enumerate all languages, extinct or still spoken, within that group and provide detailed information on the number of known speakers, geographical range, and degree of intelligibility with other languages in the group. In this way, virtually every known language receives coverage.For ease of reference and to aid research, the articles are alphabetically arranged, each signed by the contributor, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, line drawings, maps, tables, and diagrams, and readily accessible via a system of cross-references and a detailed index and synoptic outline. Authoritative, comprehensive, and innovative, the 2nd edition of the International Encyclopedia of Linguistics will be an indispensable addition to personal, public, academic, and research libraries and will introduce a new generation of readers to the complexities and concerns of this field of study.
Book Synopsis Kalasha Dictionary - with English and Urdu by : Abdul Khaliq
Download or read book Kalasha Dictionary - with English and Urdu written by Abdul Khaliq and published by Ishi Press. This book was released on 2016-02-21 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kalash are known in Chitral as the "Black Kafirs" because they are not Muslims and their women wear black robes. There are or were two kinds of Kafirs: Red and Black. The Red Kafirs were known because of their red or pale skin. The Black Kafirs are known because their women wear black robes. These people first became known to the outside world because of an 1888 story by Rudyard Kipling entitled "The Man Who Would Be King." That story was made into a movie in 1975 staring Sean Connery who usually played James Bond. It is considered to be one of the greatest movies of all time. Kalasha is a language spoken by three thousand speakers in the three Kalash Valleys of Bumboret, Birir and Rumbur in Chitral, Pakistan. Kalasha is also spoken by an estimated eight hundred people in the nearby former Kalash Valleys of Urtsun and Jinjoret. Those people have been reported to all be converted to Islam, but they still speak Kalasha in their homes. There are also Kalasha speakers in the Chitral Villages of Suwir and Kalkatuk. There are also Kalasha speakers who have moved out of the Kalash Valleys and live in Lower Pakistan in places such as Peshawar and Karachi. There is no way to determine how many Kalasha speakers there are, but Gul Sharakat who is on the cover here has been conducting her own research by interviewing Kalasha speakers throughout Pakistan and estimates there are fifteen thousand Kalasha speakers altogether. It is known that Kalasha is an old language, definitely two thousand years old and probably four thousand years old. Georg Morgenstierne says in his books that Kalasha has been spoken "for thousands of years." The first and probably still the only qualified professional linguist to study the Kalash Language was Georg Morgenstierne. Although there is a wide-spread belief that Chitralis are descended from the soldiers of Alexander the Great who passed through the area in 327 BC, nobody who has studied the subject seriously believes that. Rather, the prevailing view is that Kalasha, Khowar and Latin are descended from a common source, Proto-Indo-European, a language or family of languages that originated north of the Black and Caspian Seas around four thousand years ago and spread in all directions from there.
Book Synopsis Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity I by : Francesca Di Garbo
Download or read book Grammatical gender and linguistic complexity I written by Francesca Di Garbo and published by Language Science Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The many facets of grammatical gender remain one of the most fruitful areas of linguistic research, and pose fascinating questions about the origins and development of complexity in language. The present work is a two-volume collection of 13 chapters on the topic of grammatical gender seen through the prism of linguistic complexity. The contributions discuss what counts as complex and/or simple in grammatical gender systems, whether the distribution of gender systems across the world’s languages relates to the language ecology and social history of speech communities. Contributors demonstrate how the complexity of gender systems can be studied synchronically, both in individual languages and over large cross-linguistic samples, and diachronically, by exploring how gender systems change over time. In addition to three chapters on the theoretical foundations of gender complexity, volume one contains six chapters on grammatical gender and complexity in individual languages and language families of Africa, New Guinea, and South Asia. This volume is complemented by volume two, which consists of three chapters providing diachronic and typological case studies, followed by a final chapter discussing old and new theoretical and empirical challenges in the study of the dynamics of gender complexity.
Book Synopsis Himalayan Languages by : Anju Saxena
Download or read book Himalayan Languages written by Anju Saxena and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its many and diverse languages, including some with very long documented histories, its cultural diversity, and its widespread multilingualism- both the stable and transient kind- the Himalayan region is a treasure trove of empirical data for linguistic research on language typology and universals, historical linguistics, language contact and areal linguistics. Himalayan Languages contains contributions on Himalayan linguistics written by some of the leading experts in the field. The volume is divided into three parts: First, a general overview is given of the linguistic study of Himalayan languages and language communities. The second part offers synchronic studies of individual languages of the region (Indo-Aryan languages Shina and Kalasha, and Tibeto-Burman languages Belhare, Magar, Kinnauri, Classical Tibetan and Thangmi). The papers in the third part of the volume address topics in historical and areal linguistics, with an emphasis on the Tibeto-Burman languages of the region, discussing grammaticalization processes (in Sunwar, Newar, Seke, Tshangla and Bantawa) and the subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman.
Book Synopsis Report on a Linguistic Mission to North-Western India by : Georg Morgenstierne
Download or read book Report on a Linguistic Mission to North-Western India written by Georg Morgenstierne and published by Ishi Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1929, Georg Morgenstierne tromped through the wild hinterlands of the NWFP, interviewing remote peoples in small villages, writing down their local languages and dialects. His favorite device was to go to the District Chairman and ask to have prisoners brought to him who were held in the local jails and who were from remote places. The prisoners were always happy to get a little baksheesh for their information and Morgenstierne got a few more words. After Morgenstierne completed his 1929 journey into the wild hinterlands of the NWFP, he went back to Oslo, where he spent the next forty years going over his data and publishing his findings. Nowadays the remote areas visited by Morgenstierne have become popular tourist destinations for such notables as Osama Bin Laden, so if you want to catch Osama (or if you want to join him) you have to read this book.
