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Language Skills And Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes
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Book Synopsis Official Language Proficiency and Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes by : Li Xu
Download or read book Official Language Proficiency and Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes written by Li Xu and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Numerous studies have demonstrated that higher proficiency in the language spoken in the destination country improves immigrant labour market outcomes. However, because of a lack of objective measures of language skills, previous studies have mainly drawn on subjective measures of language proficiency and were confined to the effect of only one dimension or general language skills. This study examines the effects of test-based measures of official language proficiency in four dimensions - listening, speaking, reading and writing - on immigrant employment and earnings. The analysis focuses on economic principal applicants admitted through the Express Entry (EE) system who immigrated to Canada from 2015 to 2018. A self-reported language measure based on self-reported knowledge of official languages at immigration and mother tongue is also examined for comparison"--Abstract, page 1.
Book Synopsis Language Skills and Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes by :
Download or read book Language Skills and Immigrant Labour Market Outcomes written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Language by : Barry R. Chiswick
Download or read book The Economics of Language written by Barry R. Chiswick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two internationally renowned experts in the field, this book explores the determinants of dominant language proficiency among immigrants and other linguistic minorities and the consequences of this proficiency for the labour market.Using empirical material from a range of countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia and Bolivia, the a
Book Synopsis Public Policy and Immigrant Settlement by : Deborah A. Cobb-Clark
Download or read book Public Policy and Immigrant Settlement written by Deborah A. Cobb-Clark and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Deborah Cobb-Clark and Siew-Ean Khoo are leading experts in immigration research. Here they have assembled a set of important studies that show how selective immigration policy affects subsequent outcomes for immigrants. The chapters exploit a uniqu
Book Synopsis How Labor Migrants Fare by : Klaus F. Zimmermann
Download or read book How Labor Migrants Fare written by Klaus F. Zimmermann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the globalized economy, labor migration has become of central importance. A key issue in the analysis of immigration is how the migrants fare in the economy in which they migrate, and how they assimilate towards the behavior of the natives. Using data from the United States, Canada, many European countries, Australia and New Zealand, the chapters study the developments of earnings, employment, unemployment, self-employment, occupational choices and educational attainment after migration. The book also investigates the role of language in labor market integration and examines the situation of illegal, legalized and unwilling migrants. Policy effects are also studied: Among those are the effects of selection criteria of labor market success and the effects immigrants have on the public sector budget of the receiving country. Hence, the book provides a broad picture of the performance of migrants.
Book Synopsis The Labor Market Performance of Immigrants in Germany by : Robert C. M. Beyer
Download or read book The Labor Market Performance of Immigrants in Germany written by Robert C. M. Beyer and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper uses a large survey (GSOEP) to analyze the labor market performance of immigrants in Germany. It finds that new immigrant workers earn on average 20 percent less than native workers with otherwise identical characteristics. The gap is smaller for immigrants from advanced countries, with good German language skills, and with a German degree, and larger for others. The gap declines gradually over time. Less success in obtaining jobs with higher occupational autonomy explains half of the wage gap. Immigrants are also initially less likely to participate in the labor market and more likely to be unemployed. While participation fully converges after 20 years, immigrants always remain more likely to be unemployed than the native labor force.
Book Synopsis Matching Economic Migration with Labour Market Needs by : OECD
Download or read book Matching Economic Migration with Labour Market Needs written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-18 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication gathers the papers presented at the “OECD-EU dialogue on mobility and international migration: matching economic migration with labour market needs” (Brussels, 24-25 February 2014), a conference jointly organised by the European Commission and the OECD.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309444454 Total Pages :643 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.
Book Synopsis Language and labour markets by : Sherrie Ann Kossoudji
Download or read book Language and labour markets written by Sherrie Ann Kossoudji and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis LANGUAGE AND LABOR MARKETS: THE EFFECT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE ABILITY ON THE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES OF IMMIGRANTS. by : Sherrie Ann Kossoudji
Download or read book LANGUAGE AND LABOR MARKETS: THE EFFECT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE ABILITY ON THE LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES OF IMMIGRANTS. written by Sherrie Ann Kossoudji and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: associated with occupational mobility for any group of immigrant workers.
Book Synopsis Aspects of Linguistic Integration of Recent Immigrants to Canada: Determinants of English Language Proficiency, Role of English in Labour- Market Integration Outcomes and Skills Utilization by : Viktoriya Zemlyanukhina
Download or read book Aspects of Linguistic Integration of Recent Immigrants to Canada: Determinants of English Language Proficiency, Role of English in Labour- Market Integration Outcomes and Skills Utilization written by Viktoriya Zemlyanukhina and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis explores the determinants of English proficiency as well as its role in labour-market integration outcomes and skills utilization. The Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada provides the data for the empirical analysis.Chapter Five investigates the role of English proficiency in such labour-market integration outcomes as employment seeking, incidence of employment, and employment within ethnic enclaves. The study finds that English proficiency is associated with higher odds of employment seeking and employment in Canada. It also significantly increases the likelihood of being employed outside ethnic enclaves.The introductory chapter offers insight into the recent changes to the Canadian immigration policy as well as immigration trends. This chapter also outlines chapters Two through Six and establishes the conceptual framework that unifies them.Chapters Three and Four focus on the application of human capital theory and macro-level factors of the source and destination countries' framework. Chapter Three explores the factors that contribute to the immigrant's English proficiency upon arrival. Chapter Four investigates the role of human capital and destination country's macro-level factors in English proficiency four years after migration. The principal empirical results indicate that macro-level factors of the source country are significantly related to the English proficiency at arrival, while macro-level factors of the destination country are significantly related to English proficiency four years after migration. The results also corroborate findings described in the human capital literature aiding comprehension of the relationship between human capital endowments and English proficiency.Chapter Two introduces two theoretical approaches, human capital theory and macro-level factors of the source and destination countries' framework. It presents a review of the literature and introduces a theoretical model of linguistic integration that is subsequently tested in Chapters Three and Four.Chapter Six integrates human capital theory and language as a dimension of ethnicity framework. The analysis concentrates on the role of English in immigrants' skills utilization. The principal results add to human capital theory, indicating that English proficiency significantly increases the odds of skills utilization. The findings also reveal that immigrants who speak standard English are more likely to utilize their skills than non-standard English speakers.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Immigrant Language Skills on Canadian Wages by : Seda Gunduz
Download or read book The Impact of Immigrant Language Skills on Canadian Wages written by Seda Gunduz and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of three chapters investigating the impact of immigrant language skills on Canadian wages. The first chapter, "Linguistic diversity among Canadian immigrants: 1981-2006", describes the changes in linguistic diversity among Canadian immigrants, as measured by a preferred linguistic distance measure, the Levenshtein Distance (LD) Index, and documents socio-demographic characteristics of recent immigrants as well as their labour market performance based on their language capital at the time of entry. The LD is an approximation of immigrants' language skills in the Canadian official languages and represents the "distance" of an immigrant's reported language to the Canadian official languages. Using the 20% micro-data files of the Canadian Censuses between 1981 and 2006, I assign each immigrant an index number based on two language measures: mother tongue and home language. French and English are defined as the Canadian official languages in Quebec and outside of Quebec, respectively. The main findings suggest that although immigrants' mother tongues became more "distant" to the Canadian official languages in both regions over time, the language skill of an average immigrant based on home language remained almost the same in Quebec, in particular, between 1981 and 1996. In terms of immigrants' socio-demographic characteristics and their labour market performance, general patterns were similar across the two regions, although there were significant differences by language groups. In particular, the change in immigrants' wages by language groups is suggestive of the role of language skills in determining wages. The second chapter, "Immigrant versus native men? Substitutability and the role of linguistic diversity in Canada", estimates the degree of substitutability between immigrant and native men by incorporating immigrants' language skills into the analysis and calculates the potential wage effects of immigration on Canadian wages. Using the 20% micro-data files of the Canadian Censuses between 1981 and 2006 and imposing a nested-CES production function on the Canadian economy, I estimate immigrant-native substitutability based on immigrants' language skills in addition to education levels and years of labour market experience. I use the LD Index to represent immigrants' language skills by the distance of the mother tongue and home language of an immigrant to English outside of Quebec and to French in Quebec. I define three language groups for immigrants as the high language-skilled, the medium language-skilled, and the low language-skilled. The key findings are as follows. First, home language-based estimates suggest imperfect substitutability in Canada outside of Quebec in some cases. Second, by language skill groups, the low language-skilled immigrants are more likely to be imperfect substitutes for the Canadian-born. Third, the findings for Quebec are substantially different from those for Canada outside of Quebec. My simulations suggest that the long-run effect of immigration on immigrants' wages was negative between 1981 and 2006 while the long-run effect of immigration on the wages of the Canadian-born was small but positive over the same period. The third chapter, "Gender, linguistic diversity, and labour market substitutability", uses the same methodology and data sources as in the second chapter to incorporate female workers into the analysis of immigrant-native substitutability. This study estimates the elasticity of substitution between immigrant language groups and natives for female workers and the pooled sample of male and female workers. The findings suggest that the degree of substitutability between female immigrants and female natives is similar to the degree of substitutability between male immigrants and male natives. The main results do not change for the pooled sample. Due to potential differences between language accumulation processes between female and male immigrants, the third chapter also estimates female-male immigrants substitutability based on language skills, education levels, and years of labour market experience. The findings suggest that female and male immigrants are imperfect substitutes outside of Quebec regardless of language measures.
Book Synopsis The Labor Market Effects of English Language Proficiency by : Marek Hlavac
Download or read book The Labor Market Effects of English Language Proficiency written by Marek Hlavac and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I examine the effect of English language proficiency on the occupational choices of childhood immigrants into the United States. In particular, I focus on the annual earnings and skills composition associated with immigrants' chosen occupations. Following Bleakley and Chin (2004; 2010), I use an instrumental variables approach that exploits young children's superior language acquisition abilities to estimate the causal effect of English language skills on immigrants' choice of occupation. In addition, I employ another instrument, based on Chiswick and Miller (2004), that accounts for the variation in English language acquisition difficulty among native speakers of other languages. I find that higher proficiency allows immigrants to work in more lucrative occupations. In addition, a better grasp of the English language leads immigrants to choose occupations in which communication skills -- active listening, negotiation, persuasion, reading comprehension, speaking, and writing -- are more important. These findings suggest that occupational choice is an important additional channel through which immigrants with a good command of the English language achieve better labor market outcomes.
Book Synopsis Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 3) Labour Market Integration in Austria, Norway and Switzerland by : OECD
Download or read book Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 3) Labour Market Integration in Austria, Norway and Switzerland written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06-11 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication reviews the labour market integration of immigrants and their offspring in three OECD countries: Austria, Norway and Switzerland, and provides country-specific recommendations.
Book Synopsis Integrating Immigrants into the Nordic Labour Markets by : Lars Calmfors
Download or read book Integrating Immigrants into the Nordic Labour Markets written by Lars Calmfors and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden face similar problems of integrating large groups of immigrants, especially low-educated ones from outside the EU, into their labour markets. In this volume, researchers from across the Nordic Region analyse how labour market integration of immigrants can be promoted. Education policy, active labour market policy, social benefit policy and wage policy are analysed. A key conclusion is that no single policy is likely to suffice. Instead, various policies have to be combined. The exact policy mix must depend on evaluations of the trade-offs with other policy objectives.
Book Synopsis Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 4) Labour Market Integration in Italy by : OECD
Download or read book Jobs for Immigrants (Vol. 4) Labour Market Integration in Italy written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-07 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an overview of the skills and qualifications of immigrants in Italy, their key labour market outcomes in international comparison, and their evolution over time, given the highly segmented Italian labour market and its high share of informal jobs.
Book Synopsis A Theory of Social Forces and Immigrant Second Language Acquisition by : Don J. DeVoretz
Download or read book A Theory of Social Forces and Immigrant Second Language Acquisition written by Don J. DeVoretz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preponderance of minimal second language acquisition by immigrants worldwide is striking. This paper proposes a theoretical model, which analyzes the underlying forces that contribute to this outcome of minimal secondary language acquisition by immigrants in such diverse immigrant-receiving countries as Canada, Germany, Israel and the United States. It is argued that the weak incentive structures for second language acquisition for an immigrant appear in four analytically separate spheres including the labour market, political, social, and education spheres. Furthermore, two integration regimes are imposed in these spheres -- no government interference, or government mandated minimum language acquisition after arrival. In all cases and in all spheres, it is argued that, for the majority of immigrants, the weakest level of second language acquisition -- minimum oral and minimum written -- is the optimal outcome given their incentive structure. In addition, the labour market is the primary determinant of this outcome. Finally, several policy measures to increase the incentives for further second language acquisition are explored.
