Landscapes And Labscapes

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Landscapes and Labscapes

Author : Robert E. Kohler
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226450094
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Landscapes and Labscapes by : Robert E. Kohler

Download or read book Landscapes and Labscapes written by Robert E. Kohler and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2002-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is it like to do field biology in a world that exalts experiments and laboratories? How have field biologists assimilated laboratory values and practices, and crafted an exact, quantitative science without losing their naturalist souls? In Landscapes and Labscapes, Robert E. Kohler explores the people, places, and practices of field biology in the United States from the 1890s to the 1950s. He takes readers into the fields and forests where field biologists learned to count and measure nature and to read the imperfect records of "nature's experiments." He shows how field researchers use nature's particularities to develop "practices of place" that achieve in nature what laboratory researchers can only do with simplified experiments. Using historical frontiers as models, Kohler shows how biologists created vigorous new border sciences of ecology and evolutionary biology.

Landscapes and Labscapes

Author : Robert E. Kohler
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226450112
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (264 download)

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Book Synopsis Landscapes and Labscapes by : Robert E. Kohler

Download or read book Landscapes and Labscapes written by Robert E. Kohler and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is it like to do field biology in a world that exalts experiments and laboratories? How have field biologists assimilated laboratory values and practices, and crafted an exact, quantitative science without losing their naturalist souls? In Landscapes and Labscapes, Robert E. Kohler explores the people, places, and practices of field biology in the United States from the 1890s to the 1950s. He takes readers into the fields and forests where field biologists learned to count and measure nature and to read the imperfect records of "nature's experiments." He shows how field researchers use nature's particularities to develop "practices of place" that achieve in nature what laboratory researchers can only do with simplified experiments. Using historical frontiers as models, Kohler shows how biologists created vigorous new border sciences of ecology and evolutionary biology.

Lab Lit

Author : Olga Pilkington
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498565999
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis Lab Lit by : Olga Pilkington

Download or read book Lab Lit written by Olga Pilkington and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-10-10 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lab Lit: Exploring Literary and Cultural Representations of Science is the first formal, systematic, scholarly investigation of laboratory literature from the perspective of literary studies. Lab Lit as a new genre has received a lot of public and media attention due to its compelling presentation of science practitioners and the relatable explanations of the scientific advancements that have shaped modern society and will continue to do so. However, the genre has been largely overlooked by scholars. This book is an introduction to the world of science for those who up till now have been immersed primarily in the world of literature. The anthology contains essays that discuss Lab Lit novels using a variety of analytical approaches. It also features theoretical essays that explore the social and literary backgrounds of Lab Lit and help the reader position the critical pieces within appropriate contexts.

Experiments in Practice

Author : Astrid Schwarz
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317317920
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Experiments in Practice by : Astrid Schwarz

Download or read book Experiments in Practice written by Astrid Schwarz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally experimentation has been understood as an activity performed within the laboratory, but in the twenty-first century this view is being challenged. Schwarz uses ecological and environmental case studies to show how scientific experiments can transcend the laboratory.

A Lab for All Seasons

Author : Sharon E. Kingsland
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300271573
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis A Lab for All Seasons by : Sharon E. Kingsland

Download or read book A Lab for All Seasons written by Sharon E. Kingsland and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-25 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to chronicle how innovation in laboratory designs for botanical research energized the emergence of physiological plant ecology as a vibrant subdiscipline Laboratory innovation since the mid-twentieth century has powered advances in the study of plant adaptation, evolution, and ecosystem function. The phytotron, an integrated complex of controlled-environment greenhouse and laboratory spaces, invented by Frits W. Went in the 1950s, set off a worldwide laboratory movement and transformed the plant sciences. Sharon Kingsland explores this revolution through a comparative study of work in the United States, France, Australia, Israel, the USSR, and Hungary. These advances in botanical research energized physiological plant ecology. Case studies explore the development of phytotron spinoffs such as mobile laboratories, rhizotrons, and ecotrons. Scientific problems include the significance of plant emissions of volatile organic compounds, symbiosis between plants and soil fungi, and the discovery of new pathways for photosynthesis as an adaptation to hot, dry climates. The advancement of knowledge through synthesis is a running theme: linking disciplines, combining laboratory and field research, and moving across ecological scales from leaf to ecosystem. The book also charts the history of modern scientific responses to the emerging crisis of food insecurity in the era of global warming.

Beyond the Lab and the Field

Author : Eike-Christian Heine
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822987783
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond the Lab and the Field by : Eike-Christian Heine

Download or read book Beyond the Lab and the Field written by Eike-Christian Heine and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond the Lab and the Field analyzes infrastructures as intense sites of knowledge production in the Americas, Europe, and Asia since the late nineteenth century. Moving beyond classical places known for yielding scientific knowledge, chapters in this volume explore how the construction and maintenance of canals, highways, dams, irrigation schemes, the oil industry, and logistic networks intersected with the creation of know-how and expertise. Referred to by the authors as “scientific bonanzas,” such intersections reveal opportunities for great wealth, but also distress and misfortune. This volume explores how innovative technologies provided research opportunities for scientists and engineers, as they relied on expertise to operate, which resulted in enormous profits for some. But, like the history of any gold rush, the history of infrastructure also reveals how technologies of modernity transformed nature, disrupting communities and destroying the local environment. Focusing not on the victory march of science and technology but on ambivalent change, contributors consider the role of infrastructures for ecology, geology, archaeology, soil science, engineering, ethnography, heritage, and polar exploration. Together, they also examine largely overlooked perspectives on modernity: the reliance of infrastructure on knowledge, and infrastructures as places and occasions that inspired a greater understanding of the natural world and the technologically made environment.

Collecting Experiments

Author : Bruno J. Strasser
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022663504X
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Collecting Experiments by : Bruno J. Strasser

Download or read book Collecting Experiments written by Bruno J. Strasser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Databases have revolutionized nearly every aspect of our lives. Information of all sorts is being collected on a massive scale, from Google to Facebook and well beyond. But as the amount of information in databases explodes, we are forced to reassess our ideas about what knowledge is, how it is produced, to whom it belongs, and who can be credited for producing it. Every scientist working today draws on databases to produce scientific knowledge. Databases have become more common than microscopes, voltmeters, and test tubes, and the increasing amount of data has led to major changes in research practices and profound reflections on the proper professional roles of data producers, collectors, curators, and analysts. Collecting Experiments traces the development and use of data collections, especially in the experimental life sciences, from the early twentieth century to the present. It shows that the current revolution is best understood as the coming together of two older ways of knowing—collecting and experimenting, the museum and the laboratory. Ultimately, Bruno J. Strasser argues that by serving as knowledge repositories, as well as indispensable tools for producing new knowledge, these databases function as digital museums for the twenty-first century.

On the Backs of Tortoises

Author : Elizabeth Hennessy
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300249152
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Backs of Tortoises by : Elizabeth Hennessy

Download or read book On the Backs of Tortoises written by Elizabeth Hennessy and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insightful exploration of the iconic Galápagos tortoises, and how their fate is inextricably linked to our own in a rapidly changing world. Finalist for the 2020 E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award, sponsored by PEN America Literary Awards The Galápagos archipelago is often viewed as a last foothold of pristine nature. For sixty years, conservationists have worked to restore this evolutionary Eden after centuries of exploitation at the hands of pirates, whalers, and island settlers. This book tells the story of the islands’ namesakes—the giant tortoises—as coveted food sources, objects of natural history, and famous icons of conservation and tourism. By doing so, it brings into stark relief the paradoxical, and impossible, goal of conserving species by trying to restore a past state of prehistoric evolution. The tortoises, Elizabeth Hennessy demonstrates, are not prehistoric, but rather microcosms whose stories show how deeply human and nonhuman life are entangled. In a world where evolution is thoroughly shaped by global history, Hennessy puts forward a vision for conservation based on reckoning with the past, rather than trying to erase it. “Fresh, insightful . . . Hennessy’s melding of human and natural history makes for thought-provoking reading.” —Booklist (starred review) “Gripping . . . well-researched and thought-provoking . . . whether you’re well-versed in the intricacies of conservation or have only just begun to long for a look at the tortoises yourself. On the Backs of Tortoises is a natural history that asks important questions, and challenges us to think about how best to answer them.” —Genevieve Valentine, NPR “Wonderfully interesting, informative, and engaging, as well as scholarly.” —Janet Browne, author of Charles Darwin: Voyaging and Charles Darwin: The Power of Place

Stations in the Field

Author : Raf De Bont
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022614206X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Stations in the Field by : Raf De Bont

Download or read book Stations in the Field written by Raf De Bont and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-03-20 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Modern zoological research [...] aims to study the animal in its own dwelling place.” Otto Zacharias, a German plankton specialist and former science journalist, made this claim in 1905. More than hundred years later, it might sound surprising. When we think of sites of animal research that symbolize modernity, the first places that come to mind are not--to use Zacharias’s example--the parts of inland lakes favored by freshwater plankton. The period around 1900, after all, witnessed the rise of grand urban research institutes that housed industrial-type laboratories filled with mercury pumps, new-fangled microscopes, galvanometers, electric centrifuges, gas motors, and spectrometers. Yet Zacharias belonged to a group of zoologists who were establishing a novel way of studying nature in the field. They developed what ecologists today describe as "place-based research.” It focuses on complex systems of interacting organisms, usually through studies over long periods of time in a natural field context. This was a modern approach and, as such, it needed modern infrastructure: the field station. Beginning in the 1870s, a growing number of biological field stations were founded--first in Europe and later elsewhere around the world. Thousands of zoologists received their training and performed their research at these sites. By revealing the intricate activities that enabled them to perform science in the animal’s "dwelling place,” Raf de Bont is the first to give this history of how life scientists were brought closer to living nature.

In the Nature of Landscape

Author : David Matless
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118295714
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis In the Nature of Landscape by : David Matless

Download or read book In the Nature of Landscape written by David Matless and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Nature of Landscape presents regional culturallandscape as a new direction for research in culturalgeography. Represents the first cultural geographic study of the NorfolkBroads region of eastern England Addresses regional cultural landscape through consideration ofnarratives of landscape origin, debates over human conduct, theanimal and plant landscapes of the region, and visions of the endsof landscape through pollution and flood Draws upon in-depth original research, spanning almost twodecades of archival work, interviews, and field study Covers a great diversity of topics, from popular culture toscientific research, folk song to holiday diaries, planning surveyto pioneering photography, and ornithology to children’sliterature Features a variety of illustrative material, including originalphotographs, paintings, photography, advertising imagery,scientific diagrams, maps, and souvenirs

Knowing Global Environments

Author : Jeremy Vetter
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813548756
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Knowing Global Environments by : Jeremy Vetter

Download or read book Knowing Global Environments written by Jeremy Vetter and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowing Global Environments brings together nine leading scholars whose work spans a variety of environmental and field sciences, including archaeology, agriculture, botany, climatology, ecology, evolutionary biology, oceanography, ornithology, and tidology. Collectively their essays explore the history of the field sciences, through the lens of place, practice, and the production of scientific knowledge, with a wide-ranging perspective extending outwards from the local to regional, national, imperial, and global scales. The book also shows what the history of the field sciences can contribute to environmental history-especially how knowledge in the field sciences has intersected with changing environments-and addresses key present-day problems related to sustainability, such as global climate, biodiversity, oceans, and more. Contributors to Knowing Global Environments reveal how the field sciences have interacted with practical economic activities, such as forestry, agriculture, and tourism, as well as how the public has been involved in the field sciences, as field assistants, students, and local collaborators.

Wild by Design

Author : Laura J. Martin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674275837
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis Wild by Design by : Laura J. Martin

Download or read book Wild by Design written by Laura J. Martin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An environmental historian delves into the history, science, and philosophy of a paradoxical pursuit: the century-old quest to design natural places and create wild species. Environmental restoration is a global pursuit and a major political concern. Governments, nonprofits, private corporations, and other institutions spend billions of dollars each year to remove invasive species, build wetlands, and reintroduce species driven from their habitats. But restoration has not always been so intensively practiced. It began as the pastime of a few wildflower enthusiasts and the first practitioners of the new scientific discipline of ecology. Restoration has been a touchstone of US environmentalism since the beginning of the twentieth century. Diverging from popular ideas about preservation, which romanticized nature as an Eden to be left untouched by human hands, and conservation, the managed use of natural resources, restoration emerged as a “third way.” Restorationists grappled with the deepest puzzles of human care for life on earth: How to intervene in nature for nature’s own sake? What are the natural baselines that humans should aim to restore? Is it possible to design nature without destroying wildness? Laura J. Martin shows how, over time, amateur and professional ecologists, interest groups, and government agencies coalesced around a mode of environmental management that sought to respect the world-making, and even the decision-making, of other species. At the same time, restoration science reshaped material environments in ways that powerfully influenced what we understand the wild to be. In Wild by Design, restoration’s past provides vital knowledge for climate change policy. But Martin also offers something more—a meditation on what it means to be wild and a call for ecological restoration that is socially just.

The Probiotic Planet

Author : Jamie Lorimer
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452963428
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis The Probiotic Planet by : Jamie Lorimer

Download or read book The Probiotic Planet written by Jamie Lorimer and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2020-11-03 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assesses a promising new approach to restoring the health of our bodies and our planet Most of us are familiar with probiotics added to milk or yogurt to improve gastrointestinal health. In fact, the term refers to any intervention in which life is used to manage life—from the microscopic, like consuming fermented food to improve gut health, to macro approaches such as biological pest control and natural flood management. In this ambitious and original work, Jamie Lorimer offers a sweeping overview of diverse probiotic approaches and an insightful critique of their promise and limitations. During our current epoch—the Anthropocene—human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment, leading to the loss of ecological abundance, diversity, and functionality. Lorimer describes cases in which scientists and managers are working with biological processes to improve human, environmental, and even planetary health, pursuing strategies that stand in contrast to the “antibiotic approach”: Big Pharma, extreme hygiene, and industrial agriculture. The Probiotic Planet focuses on two forms of “rewilding” occurring on vastly different scales. The first is the use of keystone species like wolves and beavers as part of landscape restoration. The second is the introduction of hookworms into human hosts to treat autoimmune disorders. In both cases, the goal is to improve environmental health, whether the environment being managed is planetary or human. Lorimer argues that, all too often, such interventions are viewed in isolation, and he calls for a rethinking of artificial barriers between science and policy. He also describes the stark and unequal geographies of the use of probiotic approaches and examines why these patterns exist. The author’s preface provides a thoughtful discussion of the COVID-19 pandemic as it relates to the probiotic approach. Informed by deep engagement with microbiology, immunology, ecology, and conservation biology as well as food, agriculture, and waste management, The Probiotic Planet offers nothing less than a new paradigm for collaboration between the policy realm and the natural sciences.

American Tropics

Author : Megan Raby
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469635615
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis American Tropics by : Megan Raby

Download or read book American Tropics written by Megan Raby and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity has been a key concept in international conservation since the 1980s, yet historians have paid little attention to its origins. Uncovering its roots in tropical fieldwork and the southward expansion of U.S. empire at the turn of the twentieth century, Megan Raby details how ecologists took advantage of growing U.S. landholdings in the circum-Caribbean by establishing permanent field stations for long-term, basic tropical research. From these outposts of U.S. science, a growing community of American "tropical biologists" developed both the key scientific concepts and the values embedded in the modern discourse of biodiversity. Considering U.S. biological fieldwork from the era of the Spanish-American War through the anticolonial movements of the 1960s and 1970s, this study combines the history of science, environmental history, and the history of U.S.–Caribbean and Latin American relations. In doing so, Raby sheds new light on the origins of contemporary scientific and environmentalist thought and brings to the forefront a surprisingly neglected history of twentieth-century U.S. science and empire.

Spatializing the History of Ecology

Author : Raf de Bont
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1351750925
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Spatializing the History of Ecology by : Raf de Bont

Download or read book Spatializing the History of Ecology written by Raf de Bont and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Notes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction: Knowing Nature, Making Space -- PART I: Crafting Zones and Regions -- 2 Mapping Heimat: Amateur Natural History and Plant Ecology in Imperial Germany -- 3 Life Zones: The Rise and Decline of a Theory of the Geographic Distribution of Species -- 4 A Laboratory for Tropical Ecology: Colonial Models and American Science at Cinchona, Jamaica -- 5 Field Stations and the Problem of Scale: Local, Regional, and Global at the Desert Lab -- 6 Ecology and Rehabilitation: The West Highland Survey, 1944-1955 -- PART II: Modelling Systems -- 7 Ecosystem Simulation as a Practice of Emplacement: The Desert Biome Project, 1970-1974 -- 8 The City as Ecosystem: Paul Duvigneaud and the Ecological Study of Brussels -- PART III: Fashioning Objects of Conservation -- 9 Extinct in the Wild: Finding a Place for the European Bison, 1919-1952 -- 10 Islands and Bioregions: Global Reserve Design Models and the Making of National Parks, 1960-2000 -- 11 Space, Place, Land, and Sea: The "Ecological Discovery" of the Global Wadden Sea -- 12 Epilogue -- Index.

Higher and Colder

Author : Vanessa Heggie
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022665088X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Higher and Colder by : Vanessa Heggie

Download or read book Higher and Colder written by Vanessa Heggie and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the long twentieth century, explorers went in unprecedented numbers to the hottest, coldest, and highest points on the globe. Taking us from the Himalaya to Antarctica and beyond, Higher and Colder presents the first history of extreme physiology, the study of the human body at its physical limits. Each chapter explores a seminal question in the history of science, while also showing how the apparently exotic locations and experiments contributed to broader political and social shifts in twentieth-century scientific thinking. Unlike most books on modern biomedicine, Higher and Colder focuses on fieldwork, expeditions, and exploration, and in doing so provides a welcome alternative to laboratory-dominated accounts of the history of modern life sciences. Though centered on male-dominated practices—science and exploration—it recovers the stories of women’s contributions that were sometimes accidentally, and sometimes deliberately, erased. Engaging and provocative, this book is a history of the scientists and physiologists who face challenges that are physically demanding, frequently dangerous, and sometimes fatal, in the interest of advancing modern science and pushing the boundaries of human ability.

Field Life

Author : Jeremy Vetter
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822981459
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Life by : Jeremy Vetter

Download or read book Field Life written by Jeremy Vetter and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2016-12-23 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field Life examines the practice of science in the field in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains of the American West between the 1860s and the 1910s, when the railroad was the dominant form of long-distance transportation. Grounded in approaches from environmental history and the history of technology, it emphasizes the material basis of scientific fieldwork, joining together the human labor that produced knowledge with the natural world in which those practices were embedded. Four distinct modes of field practice, which were shared by different field science disciplines, proliferated during this period—surveys, lay networks, quarries, and stations—and this book explores the dynamics that underpinned each of them. Using two diverse case studies to animate each mode of practice, as well as the making of the field as a place for science, Field Life combines textured analysis of specific examples of field science on the ground with wider discussion of the commonalities in the practices of a diverse array of field sciences, including the earth and physical sciences, the life and agricultural sciences, and the human sciences. By situating science in its regional environmental context, Field Life analyzes the intersection between the cosmopolitan knowledge of science and the experiential knowledge of people living in the field. Examples of field science in the Plains and Rockies range widely: geological surveys and weather observing networks, quarries to uncover dinosaur fossils and archaeological remains, and branch agricultural experiment stations and mountain biological field stations.