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Landscape Genetics Of The Endangered San Diego Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta Sandiegonensis
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Book Synopsis Landscape Genetics of the Endangered San Diego Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta Sandiegonensis) by :
Download or read book Landscape Genetics of the Endangered San Diego Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta Sandiegonensis) written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The San Diego fairy shrimp (Branchinecta sandiegonensis ) is listed as federally endangered as a result of large-scale urbanization and subsequent vernal pool habitat loss. When new pools are created for mitigation or disturbed pools are restored, sediment from existing pools may be used for inoculation. The success of these projects can depend on whether source material is taken from a gene pool that is differentially adapted from the destination. Previous studies have suggested that there are at least two regional gene pools of San Diego fairy shrimp within San Diego County. A putative contact zone between these gene pools occurs primarily on land owned by the Marine Corps Air Station at Miramar (MCAS Miramar). We collected adult fairy shrimp from 51 pools across MCAS Miramar and extracted DNA from 1752 individuals. Using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) in conjunction with seven microsatellite loci, we delineated the gene pool boundary with greater precision than was previously known. We also tested for additional population structure within each of these regional gene pools, based on a variety of poolspecific and landscape features. Both COI and microsatellite results were largely concordant at our study site and showed two gene pools with a distinct geographic break. Undisturbed pools were fixed for one gene pool, but disturbed pools showed greater admixture between the two genetic groups. The distinct geographic break between the two gene pools coincided with a large canyon on our study site. Isolation by distance analyses supported the canyon as a barrier to gene flow after we controlled for geographic distance. In addition, landscape genetic analyses showed presence of roads as a barrier to gene flow between pools. We designated six management units on MCAS Miramar, which will allow us to maintain species integrity, maintain the two regional gene pools, and maintain the integrity of complexes that show unusually high divergence. To best ensure the continued success of this endangered species, we recommend that inoculation of new pools use soil from within the same management group. Electronic appendices accompanying this thesis can be found at the Media Center in Malcolm A. Love Library, San Diego State University.
Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics of the Endangered San Diego Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta Sandiegonensis) by :
Download or read book Conservation Genetics of the Endangered San Diego Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta Sandiegonensis) written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population genetic data are becoming an increasingly important tool in the conservation and management of endangered species. Statistical analysis of genetic data can inform agencies on population boundaries within a species, and help to infer processes that lead to genetic patterns, thereby influencing conservation decisions. This thesis examines population genetics in the endangered San Diego fairy shrimp, Branchinecta sandiegonensis, using multiple molecular markers. In order to quantify diversity and population structure, genetic data were collected from 50 pools from 23 pool complexes scattered throughout San Diego County at seven novel microsatellite loci. We tested the hypothesis that pool complex boundaries and geographic distance are important components of genetic structure. Microsatellite and mtDNA genetic patterns were compared to test for concordance between marker types. We also conducted preliminary tests for the effect of pool disturbance and hybridization on genetic diversity. Overall, results show that there is considerable microsatellite diversity within pools. In the preliminary tests, no significant change in genetic diversity in response to hybridization was detected. Disturbance may affect genetic diversity within pools, but it is unclear which component of disturbance is correlated with diversity. Overall, genetic differentiation among pool complexes is relatively strong. The hierarchical spatial arrangement of pools plays a significant role in genetic divergence among populations. Increasing geographic distances between sites is a significant gene flow barrier for this species, as has been found for other fairy shrimp species. Evidence of historical isolation between two divergent groups was also found. There is concordance among marker types, with some discrepancies. Population genetic structure in B. sandiegonensis across the study range is governed by gene flow restricted primarily to pool complexes. We recommend that pool complexes be treated as management units provided that pools are ecologically similar within them. Historical divergence among groups of pools should be taken into account as well, in order to maintain genetic variation and dispersal mechanisms across the species' range.
Book Synopsis MSCP Vernal Pool Inventory by : Bohonak, Andrew J.
Download or read book MSCP Vernal Pool Inventory written by Bohonak, Andrew J. and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Genetic Comparison of Two Populations of the Endangered Fairy Shrimp, Branchinecta Conservatio, Using RAPD Techniques by : John Alexander Eads
Download or read book A Genetic Comparison of Two Populations of the Endangered Fairy Shrimp, Branchinecta Conservatio, Using RAPD Techniques written by John Alexander Eads and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laying the Genetic Foundation for the Conservation of Longhorn Fairy Shrimp by : Brendan Calhoun Kyle
Download or read book Laying the Genetic Foundation for the Conservation of Longhorn Fairy Shrimp written by Brendan Calhoun Kyle and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetlands are rapidly being lost from human impacts, and in California the effects are especially dramatic. Sensitive wetland habitats, like vernal pools, are at risk of being lost. Vernal pools are home to many endemic species, so the conservation of vernal pools is critical to maintaining California's biodiversity. Understanding the ecological, physiological, and genetic aspects of a species is important when implementing critical management for the persistence of endangered species. The longhorn fairy shrimp, Branchinecta longiantenna, is one of several endemic and endangered inhabitants of California's vernal pools. Longhorn fairy shrimp distribution is quite restricted, they are found in only three regions of California (Altamont Pass, Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge, and Carrizo Plains). Little is known about their ecology, physiology, and genetics. My research aimed to establish a framework of our genetic understanding of longhorn fairy shrimp throughout its range. I analyzed population genomic data for samples collected from each region to determine population structure and variation. I found evidence for phylogeographic structure associated with isolated regions from pairwise estimates of population differentiation, principal component analysis, and phylogenetics. Differentiation within regions was generally low, but much higher at Altamont Pass, which is likely due to differences in population size and dispersal. This is also reflected in levels of heterozygosity, which were much lower in the Altamont Pass pool than any other. These differences stress that management programs should use evolutionary significant units that distinguish longhorn fairy shrimp by their respective regions when developing conservation plans for this species.
Book Synopsis Population Structure of the Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta Lynchi) at Two Spatial Scales by :
Download or read book Population Structure of the Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta Lynchi) at Two Spatial Scales written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patterns of dispersal and gene-flow in freshwater invertebrates have often been difficult to interpret. Despite the assumed high potential for dispersal, populations of freshwater invertebrates display high genetic differentiation over small distances. There have been several explanations posed for this gene flow dispersal paradox, including strong priority effects or low realized dispersal. This study explores the spatial genetic structure of the freshwater invertebrate Branchinecta lynchi, a threatened vernal pool inhabitant, at two scales with a goal to determine the scale at which gene flow is important in shaping these patterns. Vernal pools were sampled at two different localities the San Luis National Wildlife Refuge Complex and a preserve adjacent to the University of California, Merced. Individuals were genotyped using both the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) and nuclear amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Pairwise Fst values showed that genetic structure for this species was high, however, the only geographic pattern that emerged was isolation by distance at the local scale for the COI marker. Discrepancies between mitochondrial and AFLP markers may be explained several ways, including genotyping error, sex-biased dispersal and/or the longer time to equilibrium of the nuclear genome. These results suggest that gene flow is important at the local scale, at least for mitochondrial DNA, while historical colonization patterns are likely maintained at the regional scale by priority effects. I infer that maintaining connectivity among vernal pool complexes through local dispersal vectors should be a management priority.
Book Synopsis Genetic Admixture in Vernal Pool Shrimp by : Ketan Vasant Patel
Download or read book Genetic Admixture in Vernal Pool Shrimp written by Ketan Vasant Patel and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driven by landscape alteration and the introduction of non-natives through human activities, biotic homogenization is thought to be a significant threat to the survival of endemic taxa. Extensive urbanization in southern California, USA, has converted most of the native coastal vernal pool habitat prompting the conservation of native vernal pool species. Habitat alteration associated with urban expansion in this region has extirpated B. sandiegonensis from the majority of its historical habitat. In some artificial basins within the remaining vernal pool habitat, B. sandiegonensis hybridizes with B. lindahli. Hybrids can be identified through both morphology and newly developed genetic characters (Patel et al. 2017). By using both morphological and genomic hybrid indices, researchers and habitat managers will obtain a relatively holistic perspective on the hybridization process. This not only helps to identify populations where a large-scale introduction of B. lindahli has occurred, but also to perhaps predict the future trajectory of species and hybrid distributions.
Book Synopsis Studies on Large Branchiopod Biology and Conservation by : Marie A. Simovich
Download or read book Studies on Large Branchiopod Biology and Conservation written by Marie A. Simovich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-01-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of papers concerning the biology of large branchiopod crustaceans: Anostraca, Conchostraca, and Notostraca. Many of the individual papers were first presented at the Third International Large Branchiopod Symposium (ILBS-3) held at the University of San Diego, CA, USA, July 15-18, 1996. Contributions on additional topics from participants at the symposium, and from colleagues not able to join us in San Diego, are also included. In addition, there is a supplement to the 1995 `Checklist of the Anostraca'. The theme of the ILBS-3 was `understanding and conserving large branchiopod diversity'. Researchers from around the world presented papers on a variety of topics related to conservation of large branchiopods, with contributions ranging from alpha-taxonomy and zoogeography to community structure and studies of ecology and evolution. One important issue developed in many of the papers in this volume is the need to advance our understanding of basic aspects of branchiopod biology throughout the world in order to enhance our efforts to conserve them. Although we have made important strides in understanding the biology of large branchiopods, we have, with few notable exceptions, made little progress in assuring the conservation of their diversity. We hope this volume will supply the reader with new ideas, and generate enthusiasm for research and public education efforts on behalf of branchiopod conservation.
Book Synopsis Tijuana River Valley by : Samuel Safran
Download or read book Tijuana River Valley written by Samuel Safran and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tijuana River Valley Historical Ecology Investigation synthesizes hundreds of historical maps, photographs, and texts to reconstruct the ecological, hydrological, and geomorphic conditions of the Tijuana River valley prior to major European-American landscape modification. How did the valley look and function before there was the state of California, the city of Tijuana, or an international border? What habitat types and wildlife were found there? How have these habitat types and the physical processes that shaped them changed over time? And finally, what can the valley's ecological past tell us about its present and future? In answering these fundamental questions, this richly-illustrated study provides scientists, managers, and residents in the valley with information designed to support and inspire ongoing management and restoration activities.
Book Synopsis Fairy Shrimps of California's Puddles, Pools, and Playas by : Clyde H. Eriksen
Download or read book Fairy Shrimps of California's Puddles, Pools, and Playas written by Clyde H. Eriksen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Ecology by : Joanna R. Freeland
Download or read book Molecular Ecology written by Joanna R. Freeland and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-30 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Ecology provides a comprehensive introduction to the many diverse aspects of this subject. The book unites theory with examples from a wide range of taxa in a logical and progressive manner, and its accessible writing style makes subjects such as population genetics and phylogenetics highly comprehensible to its readers. The first part of the book introduces the essential underpinnings of molecular ecology, starting with a review of genetics and a discussion of the molecular markers that are most frequently used in ecological research. This leads into an overview of population genetics in ecology. The second half of the book then moves on to specific applications of molecular ecology, covering phylogeography, behavioural ecology and conservation genetics. The final chapter looks at molecular ecology in a wider context by using a number of case studies that are relevant to various economic and social concerns, including wildlife forensics, agriculture, and overfishing * comprehensive overview of the different aspects of molecular ecology * attention to both theoretical and applied concerns * accessible writing style and logical structure * numerous up-to-date examples and references This will be an invaluable reference for those studying molecular ecology, population genetics, evolutionary biology, conservation genetics and behavioural ecology, as well as researchers working in these fields.
Book Synopsis Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Vernal Pool Ecosystems by : Carol W. Witham
Download or read book Ecology, Conservation, and Management of Vernal Pool Ecosystems written by Carol W. Witham and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speciation written by Jerry A. Coyne and published by Sinauer Associates Incorporated. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two decades, the study of speciation has expanded from a modest backwater of evolutionary biology into a large and vigorous discipline. Speciation is designed to provide a unified, critical and up-to-date overview of the field. Aimed at professional biologists, graduate students and advanced undergraduates, it covers both plants and animals and deals with all relevant areas of research, including biogeography, field work, systematics, theory, and genetic and molecular studies. It gives special emphasis to topics that are either controversial or the subject of active research, including sympatric speciation, reinforcement, the role of hybridization in speciation, the search for genes causing reproductive isolation, and mounting evidence for the role of natural and sexual selection in the origin of species.
Book Synopsis New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring by : Guido Persoone
Download or read book New Microbiotests for Routine Toxicity Screening and Biomonitoring written by Guido Persoone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The determination of the hazards resulting from the accidental or deli berate contamination of terrestrial and aquatic environments is in most countries still lirnited to the detection and quantification of the suspected pollutants by chemical analyses. Such an approach is unfortunately hampered by the following constraints : the costs as weil as the technical difficulties of analyzing every individual chemical which may be present in the sampies, and the difficulty of assessing the hazards and risks of environmental contaminations from a set of chemical data. During the last decades the scientific and regulatory community has gradually realized that biological methodologies have to be taken into consideration for an ecologically meaningful assessment of the toxicological hazards of contaminants. Effect evaluations obtained with biological techniques indeed integrate the impact of all the contaminants to which living biota are exposed. Bioassays with selected test species representative for the biological commumtles of the environments under consideration, are now applied more or less regularly to determine toxic and genotoxic effects. Taking into account the species specific and chemical specific character of toxicity to biota, the necessity of a «battery of tests» approach with species of different trophic levels is currently also generally accepted and implemented. It is dear that a balanced partnership between chemical, biological, toxicological and microbiological analyses is always the best strategy for generating the broadest information base on environmental hazards.
Download or read book Kirtland's Warbler written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 by :
Download or read book National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biodiversity in Ecosystems by : Juan A. Blanco
Download or read book Biodiversity in Ecosystems written by Juan A. Blanco and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term biodiversity has become a mainstream concept that can be found in any newspaper at any given time. Concerns on biodiversity protection are usually linked to species protection and extinction risks for iconic species, such as whales, pandas and so on. However, conserving biodiversity has much deeper implications than preserving a few (although important) species. Biodiversity in ecosystems is tightly linked to ecosystem functions such as biomass production, organic matter decomposition, ecosystem resilience, and others. Many of these ecological processes are also directly implied in services that the humankind obtains from ecosystems. The first part of this book will introduce different concepts and theories important to understand the links between ecosystem function and ecosystem biodiversity. The second part of the book provides a wide range of different studies showcasing the evidence and practical implications of such relationships.
