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Land Reform Policies The Sources Of Violent Conflict And Implications For Deforestation In The Brazilian Amazon
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Book Synopsis Land Reform Policies, the Sources of Violent Conflict and Implications for Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by : Lee J. Alston
Download or read book Land Reform Policies, the Sources of Violent Conflict and Implications for Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon written by Lee J. Alston and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine land reform policies and their implications for violent conflict over land and resource use in the Brazilian Amazon. We identify the protagonists (land owners and squatters), derive their incentives to use violence, and show the role of legal inconsistencies as a basis for conflict. Although civil law guarantees title for land owners, the Brazilian Constitution adds a beneficial use criterion as a condition for title enforcement. This provision is part of a land reform or redistribution effort and it provides authorization for transfers to squatters. We describe the government agency involved in land reform, INCRA, and show that its intervention critically affects the actions of both squatters and land owners. Further, we point out the resource use effects of land reform policies and associated insecure property rights to land.
Book Synopsis Titles, Conflict, and Land Use by : Lee J. Alston
Download or read book Titles, Conflict, and Land Use written by Lee J. Alston and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2010-05-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Amazon, the world's largest rain forest, is the last frontier in Brazil. The settlement of large and small farmers, squatters, miners, and loggers in this frontier during the past thirty years has given rise to violent conflicts over land as well as environmental duress. Titles, Conflict, and Land Use examines the institutional development involved in the process of land use and ownership in the Amazon and shows how this phenomenon affects the behavior of the economic actors. It explores the way in which the absence of well-defined property rights in the Amazon has led to both economic and social problems, including lost investment opportunities, high costs in protecting claims, and violence. The relationship between land reform and violence is given special attention. The book offers an important application of the New Institutional Economics by examining a rare instance where institutional change can be empirically observed. This allows the authors to study property rights as they emerge and evolve and to analyze the effects of Amazon development on the economy. In doing so they illustrate well the point that often the evolution of economic institutions will not lead to efficient outcomes. This book will be important not only to economists but also to Latin Americanists, political scientists, anthropologists, and scholars in disciplines concerned with the environment. Lee Alston is Professor of Economics, University of Illinois, and Research Associate for the National Bureau of Economic Research. Gary Libecap is Professor of Economics and Law, University of Arizona, and Research Associate for the National Bureau of Economic Research. Bernardo Mueller is Assistant Professor, Universidade de Brasilia.
Book Synopsis Land Reform Policies, the Sources of Violent Conflict and Implications for Deforestation in the Brazialian Amazon by : Lee J. Alston
Download or read book Land Reform Policies, the Sources of Violent Conflict and Implications for Deforestation in the Brazialian Amazon written by Lee J. Alston and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Balancing Agricultural Development and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon by : Andrea Cattaneo
Download or read book Balancing Agricultural Development and Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon written by Andrea Cattaneo and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2002 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, federal policies promoting migration and encouraging agricultural development of large farms, logging, and ranching have led to the deforestation of vast areas of the Amazon rainforest.Though these policies have largely been replaced, deforestation continues. What effects do current macroeconomic and regional policies and events have on deforestation and on the well-being of settlers on the agricultural frontier? This report identifies the links between the agriculture and logging sectors in the Amazon, economic growth, poverty alleviation, and natural resource degradation in the region and in Brazil as a whole.It considers the effects of currency devaluation, building roads and other infrastructure in the Amazon, property rights, adoption of technological change, and fiscal incentives and disincentives to deforest.The results are sometimes counterintuitive, but shed new light on why slowing deforestation is so difficult and on the trade-offs between environmental and economic goals.
Book Synopsis Property Rights to Land and Land Reform by : Lee J. Alston
Download or read book Property Rights to Land and Land Reform written by Lee J. Alston and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Largeholder Deforestation and Land Conflict in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon by : Stephen Peter Aldrich
Download or read book Largeholder Deforestation and Land Conflict in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon written by Stephen Peter Aldrich and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past thirty years research on land cover and land use change in Amazonia has indicated a number of human-environment interactions which have led to extensive deforestation in the world's largest and most diverse standing tropical forest. Various underlying socioeconomic causes of deforestation are well explicated in the existing primary literature, and include economic development, concerns of national security, and market influence. However, to date very little attention has been paid to the potential for social interactions between land managers to drive deforestation in the region. This dissertation focuses on one particularly contentious type of interaction--land conflict--in one of Brazil's most active and controversial deforestation fronts in the South of the state of Pará. Land conflict in this part of Brazil typically pits largeholder ranchers against the landless poor, with conflicts frequently escalating to the occupation of private property and even violent intimidation and murder. A number of factors contribute to this violence, but among the most important is constitutional law, which allows for the expropriation of private property for agrarian reform purposes if land is not considered "productive." In the Amazon, the most common measure of productivity is the amount of cleared land, leading to a significant incentive for deforestation. When this constitutional law is combined with a socially organized peasantry, largeholders are likely to take extreme measures to protect their property, including significant deforestation. This work draws from concepts in the land change science literature, a rich concept of geographic "place," and contentious politics in order to describe how conflict could be an underlying driver of deforestation. Drawing from this integration of political and ecological considerations, I develop a logistic regression model which shows that the social movement organizations which confront wealthy cattle ranchers do so with much greater likelihood on properties displaying various physical and legal characteristics. Drawing from the insights provided by this logistic regression model, I then specify a spatial error regression model which indicates, among other things, that land conflict increases the amount of deforestation on largeholdings in the region. The data used to develop these models involves an extensive archive of newspaper accounts, key informant interviews with a variety of actors on both sides of the ongoing struggle for land, geographic information systems, and remote sensing. Among the chief policy implications of this research is a potential need to rethink the current measure of the productivity of properties in the Amazon to include criteria such as labor conditions, number of people employed, ecologically responsible use, and actual productivity. A redefinition of productivity in this way could both limit environmental wrongs and begin to repair the rift between largeholders and the landless laborers of the region. (p. III-IV).
Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Deforestation and Economic Growth in the Brazilian Amazon by : Lykke E. Andersen
Download or read book The Dynamics of Deforestation and Economic Growth in the Brazilian Amazon written by Lykke E. Andersen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-12-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-disciplinary team of authors analyze the economics of Brazilian deforestation using a large data set of ecological and economic variables. They survey the most up to date work in this field and present their own dynamic and spatial econometric analysis based on municipality level panel data spanning the entire Brazilian Amazon from 1970 to 1996. By observing the dynamics of land use change over such a long period the team is able to provide quantitative estimates of the long-run economic costs and benefits of both land clearing and government policies such as road building. The authors find that some government policies, such as road paving in already highly settled areas, are beneficial both for economic development and for the preservation of forest, while other policies, such as the construction of unpaved roads through virgin areas, stimulate wasteful land uses to the detriment of both economic growth and forest cover.
Book Synopsis Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction by : Klaus W. Deininger
Download or read book Land Policies for Growth and Poverty Reduction written by Klaus W. Deininger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy by : Edmund Amann
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Brazilian Economy written by Edmund Amann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil is a globally vital but troubled economy. This volume offers comprehensive insight into Brazil's economic development, focusing on its most salient characteristics and analyzing its structural features across various dimensions. This innovative Oxford Handbook provides an understanding of the economy's evolution over time and highlights the implications of the past trajectory and decisions for current challenges and opportunities. The opening section covers the country's economic history, beginning with the colonial economy, through import-substitution, to the era of neoliberalism. Second, it analyses Brazil's broader place in the global economy, and considers the ways in which this role has changed, and is likely to change, over coming years. Particular attention is given to the productive sectors of Brazil's economy, for example manufacturing, agriculture, services, energy, and infrastructure. In addition to discussions of regional differences within Brazil, socio-economic dimensions are examined. These include income distribution, human capital, environmental issues, and health. Also included is a discussion of Brazil in the world economy, such as the increase in "South-South" cooperation and trade as well as foreign direct investment. Last but not least is a discussion of the role of the Brazilian state in the economy, whether through state enterprises, competition policy, or corruption.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Peace and Conflict by : Michelle R. Garfinkel
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Peace and Conflict written by Michelle R. Garfinkel and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-20 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook brings together contributions from leading scholars who take an economic perspective to study peace and conflict. Some chapters are largely empirical, exploring the correlates and quantifying the costs of conflict. Others are more theoretical, examining the mechanisms that lead to war or are more conducive to peace.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on the Economics of Property Law by : Kenneth Ayotte
Download or read book Research Handbook on the Economics of Property Law written by Kenneth Ayotte and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars in the field of law and economics contribute their original theoretical and empirical research to this major Handbook. Each chapter analyzes the basic architecture and important features of the institutions of property law from an economic point of view, while also providing an introduction to the issues and literature. Property rights and property systems vary along a large number of dimensions, and economics has proven very conducive to analyzing these patterns and even the nature of property itself. The contributions found here lend fresh perspectives to the current body of literature, examining topics including: initial acquisition; the commons, anticommons, and semicommons; intellectual property; public rights; abandonment and destruction; standardization of property; property and firms; marital property; bankruptcy as property; titling systems; land surveying; covenants; nuisance; the political economy of property; and takings. The contributors employ a variety of methods and perspectives, demonstrating the fruitfulness of economic modeling, empirical methods, and institutional analysis for the study of both new and familiar problems in property. Legal scholars, economists, and other social scientists interested in property will find this Handbook an often-referenced addition to their libraries.
Download or read book Brazil written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a set of policy notes prepared by the World Bank's Brazil Team with partners during 2002
Book Synopsis The Global Economics of Forestry by : William F. Hyde
Download or read book The Global Economics of Forestry written by William F. Hyde and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces the economic and biological pattern of forest development from initial settlement and harvest activity at the natural forest frontier to modern industrial forest plantations. It builds from diagrams describing three discrete stages of forest development, and then discusses the management and policy implications associated with each, supporting its observations with examples and data from six continents and from both developed and developing countries. It shows that characteristic distinctions between the three stages make forestry unusual in natural resource management and that effective policy requires different, even contrasting, decisions at each stage. William F. Hyde’s comprehensive discussion covers a wide range of issues, including the impacts of both specific forest policies and broader macroeconomic policies, the unique requirements of current issues such as global warming, biodiversity and tourism, and the complexities of the different forest products industries. Concluding chapters review the roles of the newer institutional landowners, of smaller private and farm landowners, and of public agencies. This highly-original volume reaches far beyond forest economics; it explains what forestry can do for regional development and environmental conservation and what policies designed for other sectors and the macro-economy can do for forestry.
Book Synopsis Largeholder Deforestation and Land Conflict in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon by : Stephen Peter Aldrich
Download or read book Largeholder Deforestation and Land Conflict in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon written by Stephen Peter Aldrich and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past thirty years research on land cover and land use change in Amazonia has indicated a number of human-environment interactions which have led to extensive deforestation in the world's largest and most diverse standing tropical forest. Various underlying socioeconomic causes of deforestation are well explicated in the existing primary literature, and include economic development, concerns of national security, and market influence. However, to date very little attention has been paid to the potential for social interactions between land managers to drive deforestation in the region. This dissertation focuses on one particularly contentious type of interaction--land conflict--in one of Brazil's most active and controversial deforestation fronts in the South of the state of Pará. Land conflict in this part of Brazil typically pits largeholder ranchers against the landless poor, with conflicts frequently escalating to the occupation of private property and even violent intimidation and murder. A number of factors contribute to this violence, but among the most important is constitutional law, which allows for the expropriation of private property for agrarian reform purposes if land is not considered "productive." In the Amazon, the most common measure of productivity is the amount of cleared land, leading to a significant incentive for deforestation. When this constitutional law is combined with a socially organized peasantry, largeholders are likely to take extreme measures to protect their property, including significant deforestation. This work draws from concepts in the land change science literature, a rich concept of geographic "place," and contentious politics in order to describe how conflict could be an underlying driver of deforestation. Drawing from this integration of political and ecological considerations, I develop a logistic regression model which shows that the social movement organizations which confront wealthy cattle ranchers do so with much greater likelihood on properties displaying various physical and legal characteristics. Drawing from the insights provided by this logistic regression model, I then specify a spatial error regression model which indicates, among other things, that land conflict increases the amount of deforestation on largeholdings in the region. The data used to develop these models involves an extensive archive of newspaper accounts, key informant interviews with a variety of actors on both sides of the ongoing struggle for land, geographic information systems, and remote sensing. Among the chief policy implications of this research is a potential need to rethink the current measure of the productivity of properties in the Amazon to include criteria such as labor conditions, number of people employed, ecologically responsible use, and actual productivity. A redefinition of productivity in this way could both limit environmental wrongs and begin to repair the rift between largeholders and the landless laborers of the region. (p. III-IV).
Book Synopsis Developing Amazonia by : Anthony L. Hall
Download or read book Developing Amazonia written by Anthony L. Hall and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of the Grande Carajas programme, the largest project in the Amazon rainforest, is central to the debate on its future and fate. The social and environmental costs of the programme are examined here.
Book Synopsis Natural Resources and Economic Development by : Edward Barbier
Download or read book Natural Resources and Economic Development written by Edward Barbier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive analysis of natural resource use and economic development in poor countries, first published in 2005.
Book Synopsis Causes of Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon by : Sérgio Margulis
Download or read book Causes of Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon written by Sérgio Margulis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This title studies the role of cattle ranching its dynamic and profitability in the expansion of deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia. It provides a social evaluation of deforestation in this region and presents and compares a number of different scenarios and proposed recommendations.
