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Kant And The Naturalistic Turn Of 18th Century Philosophy
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Book Synopsis Kant and the Naturalistic Turn of 18th Century Philosophy by : Catherine Wilson
Download or read book Kant and the Naturalistic Turn of 18th Century Philosophy written by Catherine Wilson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kant's philosophy is usually treated according to 'internalist' textual methodology rather than contextually according to 'externalist' methodology. Kant and the Naturalistic Turn of 18th Century Philosophy presents transcendental idealism, the metaphysics of morals, and other Kantian innovations in philosophy as a reaction to 18th century developments in the life and human sciences. It interprets Kant's metaphysics as motivated by, on one hand, anxiety over the moral dangers he perceived in the empiricism of Buffon, Hume, Smith, and certain German materialists; and, on the other, his theological scepticism. Topics treated include cosmology and the fate of the earth, the mechanical philosophy and the problems of life, mind, and matter, historical pessimism, warfare and class consciousness, and the role of women in 18th century society. This book sheds new light on all major aspects of Kant's philosophy and opens avenues for further research.
Book Synopsis Kant and the Naturalistic Turn of 18th Century Philosophy by : Catherine Wilson
Download or read book Kant and the Naturalistic Turn of 18th Century Philosophy written by Catherine Wilson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Struck by the absence of love affairs, adventures, travels, and political engagement in Immanuel Kant's life, a noted commentator describes him as unformed, to a degree surpassing all other philosophers, by challenging life events. Declaring that Kant 'can be understood only through his work in which he immerses himself with unwavering discipline,' the writer evokes the image of a body of writing demanding to be understood through text-internal analytical methods alone. The theme of the enclosed Kantian text is virtually irresistible. It dominates in teaching practice and in a large percentage of the expository literature, where Kant's ideas are paraphrased in more, or even less transparent prose. It is attributable to the fact that Kant is a difficult author, a fact that, despite his scorn for popular philosophy, he knew and to some extent regretted. The commentator too is apt to immerse him or herself in Kant's writings with unwavering discipline, leaving little time and energy for a study of Kant's surrounding context. Like Wordsworth's Isaac Newton, whose innate powers enable him to teach the truth to himself, Kant is seen as a walled-off genius whose innovations nevertheless reached to the whole world. But Kant's famous domesticity and addiction to routine did not preclude contact with an external world. His mind was formed--as was Newton's, as is that of any one of us-- by his encounters with books and essays, by his exchanges with correspondents and dinner guests, from whom he learned and by whom he was provoked and challenged. The name index of the Academy Edition of Kant's works and the range of authors in the catalogue of Kant's library books published by Arthur Warda in 1922 leave no doubt as to the breadth of his personal and literary acquaintances"
Book Synopsis Kant and the Historical Turn by : Karl Ameriks
Download or read book Kant and the Historical Turn written by Karl Ameriks and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immanuel Kant's work changed the course of modern philosophy; Karl Ameriks examines how. He compares the philosophical system set out in Kant's Critiques with the work of the major philosophers before and after Kant. Individual essays provide case studies in support of Ameriks's thesis that late 18th-century reactions to Kant initiated an "historical turn," after which historical and systematic considerations became joined in a way that fundamentally distinguishes philosophy from science and art.
Book Synopsis Kant: Natural Science by : Immanuel Kant
Download or read book Kant: Natural Science written by Immanuel Kant and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-04 with total page 821 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brings together work by Kant never before available in English, along with new translations of his most important publications in natural science. The volume is rich in material for the student and the scholar, with extensive linguistic and explanatory notes, editorial introductions and a glossary of key terms.
Book Synopsis Kant, Science, and Human Nature by : Robert Hanna
Download or read book Kant, Science, and Human Nature written by Robert Hanna and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 2006-10-19 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert Hanna argues for the importance of Kant's theories of the epistemological, metaphysical, and practical foundations of the 'exact sciences'—- relegated to the dustbin of the history of philosophy for most of the 20th century. Hanna's earlier book Kant and the Foundations of Analytic Philosophy (OUP 2001), explores basic conceptual and historical connections between Immanuel Kant's 18th-century Critical Philosophy and the tradition of mainstream analytic philosophy from Frege to Quine. The central topics of the analytic tradition in its early and middle periods were meaning and necessity. But the central theme of mainstream analytic philosophy after 1950 is scientific naturalism, which holds—-to use Wilfrid Sellars's apt phrase—-that 'science is the measure of all things'. This type of naturalism is explicitly reductive. Kant, Science, and Human Nature has two aims, one negative and one positive. Its negative aim is to develop a Kantian critique of scientific naturalism. But its positive and more fundamental aim is to work out the elements of a humane, realistic, and nonreductive Kantian account of the foundations of the exact sciences. According to this account, the essential properties of the natural world are directly knowable through human sense perception (empirical realism), and practical reason is both explanatorily and ontologically prior to theoretical reason (the primacy of the practical).
Book Synopsis Kant and the Transformation of Natural History by : Andrew Cooper
Download or read book Kant and the Transformation of Natural History written by Andrew Cooper and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-02 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Andrew Cooper presents the first systematic study of Kant's account of natural history. Cooper contends that Kant made a decisive contribution to one of the most explosive and understudied revolutions in the history of science: the addition of time to the frame in which explanations are required, sought, and justified in natural science. Through addressing a wide range of Kant's works, Cooper challenges the claim that Kant's theory of science denies a developmental conception of nature and argues instead that it establishes a method by which natural historians can genuinely dispute historical claims and potentially come to consensus. This method, Cooper argues, can be used to expose serious flaws in Kant's own historical reasoning, including the formation and defence of his racist views. The book will be valuable to philosophers seeking to discern both the power and limitations of Kant's theory of science, and to historians of science working on the fractured landscape of eighteenth-century Newtonianism.
Book Synopsis Kant on Proper Science by : Hein van den Berg
Download or read book Kant on Proper Science written by Hein van den Berg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-08 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a novel treatment of Immanuel Kant’s views on proper natural science and biology. The status of biology in Kant’s system of science is often taken to be problematic. By analyzing Kant’s philosophy of biology in relation to his conception of proper science, the present book determines Kant’s views on the scientific status of biology. Combining a broad ideengeschichtlich approach with a detailed historical reconstruction of philosophical and scientific texts, the book establishes important interconnections between Kant’s philosophy of science, his views on biology, and his reception of late 18th century biological theories. It discusses Kant’s views on science and biology as articulated in his published writings and in the Opus postumum. The book shows that although biology is a non-mathematical science and the relation between biology and other natural sciences is not specified, Kant did allow for the possibility of providing scientific explanations in biology and assigned biology a specific domain of investigation.
Book Synopsis Kant's Construction of Nature by : Michael Friedman
Download or read book Kant's Construction of Nature written by Michael Friedman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science is one of the most difficult but also most important of Kant's works. Published in 1786 between the first (1781) and second (1787) editions of the Critique of Pure Reason, the Metaphysical Foundations occupies a central place in the development of Kant's philosophy, but has so far attracted relatively little attention compared with other works of Kant's critical period. Michael Friedman's book develops a new and complete reading of this work and reconstructs Kant's main argument clearly and in great detail, explaining its relationship to both Newton's Principia and eighteenth-century scientific thinkers such as Euler and Lambert. By situating Kant's text relative to his pre-critical writings on metaphysics and natural philosophy and, in particular, to the changes Kant made in the second edition of the Critique, Friedman articulates a radically new perspective on the meaning and development of the critical philosophy as a whole.
Book Synopsis Kant and the Concept of Race by : Jon M. Mikkelsen
Download or read book Kant and the Concept of Race written by Jon M. Mikkelsen and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late eighteenth-century writings on race by Kant and four of his contemporaries. Kant and the Concept of Race features translations of four texts by Immanuel Kant frequently designated his Racenschriften (race essays), in which he develops and defends an early theory of race. Also included are translations of essays by four of Kants contemporariesE. A. W. Zimmermann, Georg Forster, Christoph Meiners, and Christoph Girtannerwhich illustrate that Kants interest in the subject of race was part of a larger discussion about human differences, one that impacted the development of scientific fields ranging from natural history to physical anthropology to biology.
Book Synopsis Kant on Persons and Agency by : Eric Watkins
Download or read book Kant on Persons and Agency written by Eric Watkins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today we consider ourselves to be free and equal persons, capable of acting rationally and autonomously in both practical (moral) and theoretical (scientific) contexts. The essays in this volume show how this conception was first articulated in a fully systematic fashion by Immanuel Kant in the eighteenth century. Twelve leading scholars shed new light on Kant's philosophy, with each devoting particular attention to at least one of three aspects of this conception: autonomy, freedom, and personhood. Some focus on clarifying the philosophical content of Kant's position, while others consider how his views on these issues cohere with his other distinctive doctrines, and yet others focus on the historical impact that these doctrines had on his immediate successors and on our present thought. Their essays offer important new perspectives on some of the most fundamental issues that we continue to confront in modern society.
Book Synopsis Critique of Pure Reason by : Immanuel Kant
Download or read book Critique of Pure Reason written by Immanuel Kant and published by Barnes & Noble Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most important philosophical texts ever written. Like Copernicus, Kant dared to question the ordinary perspective from which we habitually view the world. Kant's moderate form of skepticism is known as "transcendental idealism," and its primary tenet is that we cannot know things as they are in themselves because we only know things as they appear to us. His thesis had a monumental influence on the culture of the last two centuries, giving rise to cultural movements and theoretical approaches including: German Idealism, Romanticism, Modernism, Marxism, Existentialism, Psychoanalysis, Structuralism, Post-Structuralism, and even Quantum Physics.
Book Synopsis Critique of Pure Reason by : Immanuel Kant
Download or read book Critique of Pure Reason written by Immanuel Kant and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphysicians have for centuries attempted to clarify the nature of the world and how rational human beings construct their ideas of it. Materialists believed that the world (including its human component) consisted of objective matter, an irreducible substance to which qualities and characteristics could be attributed. Mindthoughts, ideas, and perceptionswas viewed as a more sophisticated material substance. Idealists, on the other hand, argued that the world acquired its reality from mind, which breathed metaphysical life into substances that had no independent existence of their own. These two camps seemed deadlocked until Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason endeavored to show that the most accurate theory of reality would be one that combined relevant aspects of each position, yet transcended both to arrive at a more fundamental metaphysical theory. Kant's synthesis sought to disclose how human reason goes about constructing its experience of the world, thus intertwining objective simuli with rational processes that arrive at an orderly view of nature.
Book Synopsis Kant on Freedom and Human Nature by : Luigi Filieri
Download or read book Kant on Freedom and Human Nature written by Luigi Filieri and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays in this volume provide new readings of Kant’s account of human nature. Despite the relevance of human nature to Kant’s philosophy, little attention has been paid to the fact that the question about human nature originally pertains to pure reason. The chapters in this volume show that Kant’s point is not to state once and for all what the human being actually is, but to unite pure reason’s efforts within a unitary teleological perspective. The question about human nature is the cornerstone of reason’s unity in its different activities and domains. Kant’s question about human nature goes beyond our empirical inquiries to show that the notion of humanity represents the point of convergence and unity of pure reason’s most fundamental interests. Kant on Freedom and Human Nature will appeal to scholars and advanced students working on Kant’s philosophy.
Book Synopsis The Genesis of Kant's Critique of Judgment by : John H. Zammito
Download or read book The Genesis of Kant's Critique of Judgment written by John H. Zammito and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1992-08 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this philosophically sophisticated and historically significant work, John H. Zammito reconstructs Kant's composition of The Critique of Judgment and reveals that it underwent three major transformations before publication. He shows that Kant not only made his "cognitive" turn, expanding the project from a "Critique of Taste" to a Critique of Judgment but he also made an "ethical" turn. This "ethical" turn was provoked by controversies in German philosophical and religious culture, in particular the writings of Johann Herder and the Sturm und Drang movement in art and science, as well as the related pantheism controversy. Such topicality made the Third Critique pivotal in creating a "Kantian" movement in the 1790s, leading directly to German Idealism and Romanticism. The austerity and grandeur of Kant's philosophical writings sometimes make it hard to recognize them as the products of a historical individual situated in the particular constellation of his time and society. Here Kant emerges as a concrete historical figure struggling to preserve the achievements of cosmopolitan Aufkl-rung against challenges in natural science, religion, and politics in the late 1780s. More specifically Zammito suggests that Kant's Third Critique was animated throughout by a fierce personal rivalry with Herder and by a strong commitment to traditional Christian ideas of God and human moral freedom. "A work of extraordinary erudition. Zammito's study is both comprehensive and novel, connecting Kant's work with the aesthetic and religious controversies of the late eighteenth century. He seems to have read everything. I know of no comparable historical study of Kant's Third Critique."-Arnulf Zweig, translator and editor of Kant's ;IPhilosophical Correspondence, 1759-1799;X "An intricate, subtle, and exciting explanation of how Kant's thinking developed and adjusted to new challenges over the decade from the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason to the appearance of the Critique of Judgment."—John W. Burbidge, Review of Metaphysics "There has been for a long time a serious gap in English commentary on Kant's Critique of Judgment; Zammito's book finally fills it. All students and scholars of Kant will want to consult it."—Frederick Beiser, Times Literary Supplement
Book Synopsis The Critique of Pure Reason by : Immanuel Kant
Download or read book The Critique of Pure Reason written by Immanuel Kant and published by . This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 - 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher from Königsberg (today Kaliningrad of Russia), researching, lecturing and writing on philosophy and anthropology during and at the end of the 18th Century Enlightenment. In Kant's essay "Answering the Question: What is Enlightenment?", Kant defined the Enlightenment as an age shaped by the Latin motto Sapere aude ("Dare to Know"). Kant maintained that one ought to think autonomously, free of the dictates of external authority. His work reconciled many of the differences between the rationalist and empiricist traditions of the 18th century. He had a decisive impact on the Romantic and German Idealist philosophies of the 19th century, and his work has also been a starting point for many 20th century philosophers.
Book Synopsis Kant's Prolegomena by : Immanuel Kant
Download or read book Kant's Prolegomena written by Immanuel Kant and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Naturalism and Realism in Kant's Ethics by : Frederick Rauscher
Download or read book Naturalism and Realism in Kant's Ethics written by Frederick Rauscher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive assessment of Kant's metaethics, Frederick Rauscher shows that Kant is a moral idealist rather than a moral realist and argues that Kant's ethics does not require metaphysical commitments that go beyond nature. Rauscher frames the argument in the context of Kant's non-naturalistic philosophical method and the character of practical reason as action-oriented. Reason operates entirely within nature, and apparently non-natural claims - God, free choice, and value - are shown to be heuristic and to reflect reason's ordering of nature. The book shows how Kant hesitates between a transcendental moral idealism with an empirical moral realism and a complete moral idealism. Examining every aspect of Kant's ethics, from the categorical imperative to freedom and value, this volume argues that Kant's focus on human moral agency explains morality as a part of nature. It will appeal to academic researchers and advanced students of Kant, German idealism and intellectual history.
